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Impact of Precursor Levels and global warming on Peak Ozone Concentration in the Pearl River Delta Region of China

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第3期29卷 635-645页

作者：魏晓琳刘倩林嘉仕王体健 Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University

The relationship between the emission of ozone precursors and the chemical production of tropospheric ozone （03） in the Pearl River Delta Region （PRD） was studied using numerical simulation. The aim of this study was to examine the volatile organic compound （VOC）- or nitrogen oxide （NO~ =NO＋NO2）- limited conditions at present and when surface temperature is increasing due to global warming, thus to make recommendations for future ozone abatement policies for the PRD region. The model used for this application is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency＇s （EPA＇s） third-generation air-quality modeling system; it consists of the mesoscale meteorological model MM5 and the chemical transport model named Community Multi-scale Air Quality （CMAQ）. A series of sensitivity tests were conducted to assess the influence of VOC and NO~ variations on ozone production. Tropical cyclone was shown to be one of the important synoptic weather patterns leading to ozone pollution. The simulations were based on a tropical- cyclone-related episode that occurred during 14-16 September 2004. The results show that, in the future, the control strategy for emissions should be tightened. To reduce the current level of ozone to meet the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department （EPD） air-quality objective （hourly average of 120 ppb）, emphasis should be put on restricting the increase of NOx emissions. Furthermore, for a wide range of possible changes in precursor emissions, temperature increase will increase the ozone peak in the PRD region; the areas affected by photochemical smog are growing wider, but the locations of the ozone plume are rather invariant.

关键词： chemical transport models NOx/VOC-limited conditions photochemical reactivity global warming

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Effect of global warming on the distribution of Lucifer intermedius and L.hanseni(Decapoda) in the Changjiang estuary

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1389-1395页

作者： Zengling Ma,Zhaoli Xu,Jin Zhou Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture of China,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture of China East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences Shanghai 200090 China

We conducted an oceanographic censusin 1959,2002,and 2005 to evaluate changes in the temporo-spatial distribution and abundance of Lucifer intermedius and L.hanseni in the Changjiang estuary.In general,the abundance and frequency of occurrence(OF) for these two species were highest during the summer.We measured a significant change in the abundance and OF between years.The abundance and OF of L.intermedius increased from 3.7 individuals m 3 and 66.67%,respectively,in 1959,to 8.93 individuals m 3 and 85.19%,in 2002.In 1959,L.hanseni was only found during the summer(abundance:0.01 individuals m 3,OF:3.70%).However,in 2002,this species was collected during all seasons except the winter.Furthermore,abundance(0.47 individuals m 3) and OF(25.93%) were higher in 2002 than in 1959.Further increases in abundance and OF were measured during cruises during the spring of 2005.We hypothesize that global warmingis responsible for theincrease inabundanceofL.intermediusand L.hanseniand thenorthward expansionofL.hanseniinthe Changjiang estuary.Given our results,monitoring of both species may be useful to evaluate the effects of climate change.

关键词： Zooplankton Lucifer intermedius Lucifer hanseni global warming Changjiang estuary

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Somali Jet Changes under the global warming

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2008年第4期22卷 502-510页

作者：林美静范可王会军 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Somali Jet changes will influence the variability of Asian monsoon and climate. How would Somali Jet changes respond to the global warming in the future climate？ To address this question, we first evaluate the ability of IPCC-AR4 climate models and perform the 20th century climate in coupled models （20C3M） experiments to reproduce the observational features of the low level Somali Jet in JJA （June-July-August） for the period 1976 1999. Then, we project and discuss the changes of Somali Jet under the climate change of Scenario A2 （SRESA2） for the period 2005 2099. The results show that 18 IPCC-AR4 models have performed better in describing the climatological features of Somali Jet in the present climate simulations. Analysis of Somali Jet intensity changes from the multi-model ensemble results for the period 2005-2099 shows a weakened Somali Jet in the early 21st century （2010-2040）, the strongest Somali Jet in the middle 21st century （2050 2060）, as well as the weakest Somali Jet at the end of the 21st century （2070-2090）. Compared with the period 1976-1999, the intensity of Somali Jet is weakening in general, and it becomes the weakest at the end of the 21st century. The results also suggest that the relationship between the intensity of Somali Jet in JJA and the increment of global mean surface air temperature is nonlinear, which is reflected differently among the models, suggesting the uncertainty of the IPCC-AR4 models. Considering the important role of Somali Jet in the Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon and climate of China, the variability of Somali Jet and its evolvement under the present climate or future climate changes need to be further clarified.

关键词： IPCC-AR4 models Somali Jet changes global warming

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The Unprecedented Freezing Disaster in January 2008 in Southern China and Its Possible Association with the global warming

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2008年第4期22卷 538-558页

作者：丁一汇王遵娅宋亚芳张锦 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

The unprecedented disaster of low temperature and persistent rain, snow, and ice storms, causing widespread freezing in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China in January 2008, is not a local or regional event, but a part of the chain events of large-scale low temperature and snow storms in the same period in Asia. The severity and impacts of the southern China 2008 freezing disaster were the most significant among others. This disastrous event was characterized by three major features：（1） snowfall, freezing rain, and rainfall, the three forms of precipitation, coexisted with freezing rain being the dominant producer responsible for the disaster; （2） low temperature, rain and snow, and freezing rain exhibited extremely great intensity, with record-breaking measurements observed for eight meteorological variables based on the statistics made by China National Climate Center and the provincial meteorological services in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China; （3） the disastrous weathers persisted for an exceptionally long time period, unrecorded before in the meteorological observation history of China. The southern China 2008 freezing disaster may be resulted from multiple different factors that superimpose on and interlink with one another at the right time and place. Among them, the La Nina situation is a climate background that provided conducive conditions for the intrusions of cold air into southern China; the persistent anomaly of the atmospheric circulation in Eurasia is the direct cause for a succession of cold air incursions into southern China; and the northward transport of warm and moist airflows from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea finally warranted the formation of the freezing rain and snow storms and their prolonged dominance in the southern areas of China. A preliminary discussion of a possible association of this disastrous event with the global warming is presented. This event may be viewed as a short-term regional perturbation to the global warming. There is not any possibil

关键词： low temperature freezing rain rain and snow storms global warming the southern China 2008 freezing disaster

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Numerical simulation of the sensitivity of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell to global warming

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第5期16卷 507-511页

作者： ZHOU Tianjun, YU Yongqiang, LIU Hailong, LI Wei and YU Rucong (LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China) LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Sensitivity of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell to global warming is examined by using a global ocean-atmosphere coupled model developed at LASG/IAP. Results indicate that associated with the increasing of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the most prominent signals of global warming locate at high latitudes, and the change of middle and low latitudes, in particular the surface wind, is relatively weak, which leads to a weak response of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell. At the time of atmospheric carbon dioxide doubling, the change of the meridional cell strength is smaller than the amplitude of natural variability.

关键词： Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell global warming ocean-atmosphere coupled model.

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Characteristics and Numerical Simulation of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations under global warming

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2007年第4期21卷 438-449页

作者：刘芸芸俞永强何金海张振国 Department of Atmospheric Sciences NUIST LASG Institute of Atmospheic PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Xinghua Meteorological Bureau of Jiangsu Province

Using the ECMWF reanalysis daily 200-hPa wind data during the two 20-yr periods from 1958 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1999, the characteristics and changes of Intraseasonal Oscillations （ISO） in the two periods associated with global warming are analyzed and compared in this study. It is found that during the last 20 years, the ISO has weakened in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, but becomes more active in the central Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal; under the background of the global warming, increase in the amplitude of ISO intensity suggests that the ISO has become more active than before, with an obvious seasonal cycle, i.e., strong during winter and spring, but weak during summer and autumn; the energy of the upper tropospheric zonal winds has more concentrated in wave numbers 1-3, and the frequency of ISO tended to increase. Comparison between the results of control experiment and CO2 increase （1% per year） experiment of FGOALS-1.0g （developed at LASG） with the first and second 20-yr observations, is also performed, respectively. The comparative results show that the spatial structure of the ISO was well reproduced, but the strength of ISO was underestimated. On the basis of space-time spectral analysis, it is found that the simulated ISO contains too much high frequency waves, leading to the underestiniation of ISO intensity due to the dispersion of ISO energy. However, FGOALS-1.0g captured the salient features of ISO under the global warming background by two contrast experiments, such as the vitality and frequency-increasing of ISO in the central Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal.

关键词： global warming tropical intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） coupled general circulation model（CGCM）

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Response Characteristics of Climate in the Shiyang River Basin to global warming

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Journal of Landscape Research 2016年第3期8卷 65-69页

作者： MA Zhonghua CHANG Zhaofeng Wuwei Meteorological Bureau Gansu Desert Control Research Institute

Meteorological data of 5 weather stations in the Shiyang River Basin on the eastern section of Hexi Corridor from 1961 to 2014 were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques such as linear trend and variance signifi cance test. The results showed that as the low temperature rose generally, temperature in stations nearby desert showed higher increase rate; annual extreme maximum temperature in stations nearby mountains showed more signifi cant increase, and annual extreme minimum temperature in stations nearby desert showed more signifi cant increase, and the increase tendency of extreme minimum temperature was more obvious than that of extreme maximum temperature; annual extreme maximum temperature in stations in desert showed higher instability; instability of annual extreme minimum temperature in all sampling points increased, and showed no obvious regularity between desert and mountain.

关键词： global warming Climate Characteristics Desert the Shiyang River Basin

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Trend of Salt Lake Changes in the Background of global warming and Tactics for Adaptation to the Changes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2004年第3期78卷 795-807页

作者： ZHENGMianping QIWen JIANGXianfeng ZHAOYuanyi LIMinghui OpenLaboratoryofSalineLakeResourcesandEnvironment ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciencesBeijing100037 R＆DCenterforSalineLakesandEpithermalDeposits ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciencesBeijing100037

Salt lakes are a mirror of climatic changes and provide holographic records of environmental changes of lakes. According to a study of geological hazards in typical salt lake areas in China and other regions, the authors explain how geological hazards in salt lake areas are caused by natural agents and how humans can seek benefits, avoid hazards and reduce losses on the premise that they have monitored and mastered the trend of salt lake changes in advance and even can store flood and recharge water in lakes and extract saline resources. The climate in western China is probably turning from warm-dry to warm-moist. The authors analyze the change trend of salt lakes sensu lato (with salinity≥0.3 wt% (NaCl)eq) and salt lakes sensu stricto (with salinity ≥3.5 wt% (NaCl)eq) in China in such climatic conditions and distinguish three types of salt lake areas (i.e. lake water rising type, lake water falling type and lake water rising and unstable type) according to the characteristics of lake water rising and shrinking. In order to conform to the climatic and lake changes in China's salt lake areas, the authors propose to add and improve hydrological and meteorological observation stations and integrate observations with remote sensing monitoring in important salt lake areas and set up multidisciplinary and interdepartmental basic projects to monitor and study recent climatic and environmental changes in salt lake areas of western China. Moreover, it is necessary to build additional flood-control and drought-preventing water conservancy facilities in key salt lake areas and work out measures for ecological protection in salt lake areas. Full consideration should be given to the influence of flooding when building saltfields and implementing capital projects.

关键词： global warming geological hazard of salt lake trend of salt lake change salt lake water rising and shrinking types tactics for adaptation to change

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global warming and Its Multiple Causes

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2020年第2期3卷 28-31页

作者： Romdhane Ben Slama Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes(ISSAT) University of GabesTunisia

The global warming which preoccupies humanity,is still considered to be linked to a single cause which is the emission of greenhouse gases,CO2 in particular.In this article,we try to show that,on the one hand,the greenhouse effect(the radiative imprisonment to use the scientific term)took place in conjunction with the infrared radiation emitted by the earth.The surplus of CO2 due to the combustion of fossil fuels,but also the surplus of infrared emissions from artificialized soils contribute together or each separately,to the imbalance of the natural greenhouse effect and the trend of global warming.In addition,another actor acting directly and instantaneously on the warming of the ambient air is the heat released by fossil fuels estimated at 17415.1010 kWh/year inducing a rise in temperature of 0.122°C,or 12.2°C/century.

关键词： Greenhouse effect gases global warming Infrared emission Heat of combustion

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高中英语翻转课堂教学评价与总结——以《global warming》课程为例

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知识文库 2017年第9期 115-116页

作者：何静湖北省枣阳市第一中学

通过《global warming》的教学实践探索,对翻转课堂进行教学实践评价与总结,验证了符合高中英语课堂教学特点的翻转课堂教学模式在高中课堂教学中的教学应用效果。通过《global warming》翻转课堂教学实践,高中学生对翻转课堂的教学的... 详细信息

通过《global warming》的教学实践探索,对翻转课堂进行教学实践评价与总结,验证了符合高中英语课堂教学特点的翻转课堂教学模式在高中课堂教学中的教学应用效果。通过《global warming》翻转课堂教学实践,高中学生对翻转课堂的教学的适应性大大增强。学生的学习自主性和学习兴趣得到了显著提高。经过两年的翻转课堂实践,本文通过调查问卷对学生关于翻转课堂的各个方面进行了分析:

关键词：翻转课堂教学模式教学实践 global warming 中学生课堂教学评价高中英语

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