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Natural gas hydrates in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Characteristics, formation, and evolution

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China Geology 2021年第1期4卷 17-31页

作者： You-hai Zhu Shou-ji Pang Rui Xiao Shuai Zhang Zhen-quan Lu Oil and Gas Resources Survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(also referred to as the Plateau)is the largest area bearing alpine permafrost region in the world and thus is endowed with great formation conditions and prospecting potential of natural gas hydrates(NGH).Up to now,one NGH accumulation,two inferred NGH accumulations,and a series of NGH-related anomalous indicators have been discovered in the Plateau,with NGH resources predicted to be up to 8.88×10^(12) m^(3).The NGH in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have complex gas components and are dominated by deep thermogenic gas.They occur in the Permian-Jurassic strata and are subject to thin permafrost and sensitive to environment.Furthermore,they are distinctly different from the NGH in the high-latitude permafrost in the arctic regions and are more different from marine NGH.The formation of the NGH in the Plateau obviously couples with the uplift and permafrost evolution of the Plateau in spatial-temporal terms.The permafrost and NGH in the Qilian Mountains and the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau possibly formed during 2.0–1.28 Ma BP and about 0.8 Ma BP,respectively.Under the context of global warming,the permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is continually degrading,which will lead to the changes in the stability of NGH.Therefore,The NGH of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can not be ignored in the study of the global climate change and ecological environment.

关键词： Natural gas hydrates(NGH) Permafrost global climate change Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Characteristics of groundwater in Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its response to climate change and human activities:A case study of Delingha,Qaidam Basin

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China Geology 2021年第3期4卷 377-388页

作者： Wei Zhao Yan-zhu Lin Peng-peng Zhou Guang-cai Wang Xue-ya Dang Xiao-fan Gu China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Xi’an Center China Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China

Delingha is located in the northeast margin of Qaidam Basin.Bayin River alluvial proluvial fan is the main aquifer of Delingha,in which groundwater generally flows from north to south.The hydrochemistry results showed that two different hydrochemical evolution paths formed along southeast and southwest directions,respectively.Cl-Na type groundwater was formed in front of Gahai Lake,and SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Na·Ca type groundwater was formed in front of Keluke Lake.The results of deuterium(D)and 18O revealed that the groundwater mainly originated from the continuous accumulation of precipitation during geological history under cold and humid climate conditions.In addition,results of ^(14)C indicated that the groundwater age was more than 1140 years,implying relatively poor renewal capability of regional groundwater.Moreover,our numerical modeling results showed that the regional groundwater level will continue to rise under the warm and humid climate conditions.

关键词： Groundwater global climate change Hydrochemistry Groundwater circulation Groundwater age Groundwater level rising Geological survey engineering Qaidam Basin Delingha Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Remote sensing-based dynamic monitoring and environmental change of wetlands in southern Mongolian Plateau in 2000‒2018

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China Geology 2021年第2期4卷 353-363页

作者： Wen-hui Jie Chun-lei Xiao Ce Zhang En Zhang Jing-yue Li Bing Wang Hai-wei Niu Shuang-fa Dong Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry Shijiazhuang 050002China Hebei Key Laboratory of Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Technology Shijiazhuang 050002China China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China

The environmental change in the wetlands in the southern Mongolian Plateau has important impacts on the environment of North China and even the entire Northeast Asia,from which the global climate change can be understood on a large scale,especially the climate change in the Mongolian Plateau.This study extracted the information on the wetlands from three stages of remote sensing images(also referred to as RS images)of the study area,including Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+)images of 2000,TM images of 2010,and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager(OLI)images of 2018.As indicated by the extraction results,the area of wetlands decreased from 796.90 km^(2) of 2000 to 666.24 km^(2) of 2018 at a rate of 7.26 km^(2)/a.The reduced area is 130.66 km^(2),which is about 16.4%reduction.And the patch number of wetlands decreased from 731 of 2000 to 316 of 2018 in the study area,approximately 56.8%reduction(415 patches),and the decrease in the area of the wetlands mainly occurred in the northwest endorheic region.In terms of wetland types,the change of the wetlands was dominated by the decrease of lacustrine wetlands,of which the area and patch number decreased by 106.2 km^(2) and 242,respectively.Furthermore,the area of the lacustrine wetlands decreased at the highest rate of 8.70 km^(2)/a in 2010‒2018.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the wetlands in the western part shrunk more notably than those in the eastern part as a whole in the study area.According to local meteorological data,the precipitation gently decreased and the temperature increased(about 1.7℃)from 1975-2018.Overall,the decrease in the area of the wetlands and the temperature rises in the study area were mainly driven by the Mongolian monsoon climate,reduction in precipitation,and human activities.

关键词： Wetlands Environmental change global climate change Remote sensing Dynamic monitoring Southern Mongolian Plateau

Geoengineering:Ethical Considerations and global Governance

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2013年第1期01卷 95-104页

作者： CHEN Ying LIU Zhe Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Human society is facing great challenges to address global climate change.How to move the international climate process forward is still a serious problem for politicians.Geoengineering’s,so called Plan B to cope with climate change has attracted attentions of the international community with a lot of debate on its impact,risks from an ethical view as well as global governance at the level.In this paper,we focus on some important issues of geoengineering including the definition,characteristics,ethics and global governance,etc.and then put forward some suggestions for China’s considerations.

关键词： global climate change geoengineering solar radiation management (SRM) ethics global governance

Millennial-scale evolution of Hunshandake Desert and climate change during the Holocene in Inner Mongolia,northern China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2010年第6期2卷 505-513页

作者： HeLing Jin Liang Ying Sun Zhong Sun Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

The Hunshandake Desert is located at the northern edge of the East Asian monsoon region, and its natural environment is sensitive to monsoonal changes. Geologic records suggest that desert evolution corresponding to climate change had experienced several cycles in the Holocene, and the evolutionary process can be distinguished by four dominant stages according to changing trends of the environment and climate. (1) Holocene Ameliorative Period (11.0-8.7 cal ka B. P.), when the desert area gradually shrank following an approaching warm-wet climate and strengthening summer monsoon. (2) Holocene Optimum (8.7-6.0 cal ka B. P.), when the majority of moving sand dunes were stabilized and vegetation coverage quickly expanded in a suitable warm-wet climate and a strong summer monsoon. (3) Holocene Multivariate Period (6.0-3.5 cal ka B. P.), during a low-amplitude desert transformed between moving and stabilized types under alternating functions of cold-dry with warm-wet climate, and winter monsoon with summer monsoon. (4) Holocene Decay Period (since 3.5 cal ka B. P.), when the desert area tended to expand along with a weakened summer monsoon and a dry climate.

关键词： Hunshandake Desert desert evolution global climate change Holocene

Influence of Lunar Activities on the Twenty-four Solar Terms

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 29-33页

作者： Cuixiang Zhong Division of Science and Technology Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina

Twenty four solar terms is a knowledge system formed by the ancients through long-term observation of the annual activities of the sun.Although it roughly reveals the changing rules of seasons,climate and phenology in a year,and reflects the influence of the sun on the earth’s climate change on a large scale,because the ancients ignored the influence of the moon’s activities on the earth’s climate change on a small scale,the 24 solar terms they summarized often can not accurately predict the earth's climate change.In order to make the 24 solar terms reflect not only the influence of the sun on the earth's climate change on a large scale,but also the influence of the moon's activities on the earth's climate change on a small scale,we must refer to the key time nodes of the moon's activities to divide the 24 solar terms.That is to say,the first day(the seventh or twenty second day of the lunar calendar)after the“Greater Cold”of the old year should be set as the“Beginning of Spring”of the new year,and then the day after half a month should be the next solar term,which is the first day of the moon’s next visit to the Antarctic or the Arctic,and so on.In this way,the 24 solar terms are consistent with the key nodes of lunar activities,and can accurately predict the changes of the earth's climate.

关键词： Twenty-four solar terms lunar activity polar vortex global climate change

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全球气候变化对中国农业的影响(英文)

中国农学通报 2008年第12期24卷 447-453页

作者：刘奇勇郑景云葛全胜 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Science

The present paper shows possible effects that global climate change affects China’s agriculture.As a result,its bad effects are more than good effects.

关键词： global climate change agriculture

大气CO2浓度升高对稻田系统土壤有机碳和总氮的长期效应(英文)

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大气CO2浓度升高对稻田系统土壤有机碳和总氮的长期效应(英文)

Beyond Copenhagen: Reconciling International Fairness, Economic Development and climate Protection

中国农学会耕作制度分会学会成立30周年纪念暨2010年...

作者：郭嘉邓艾兴寇太记宋振伟张卫建卞新民 Institute of Applied Ecology Nanjing Agricultural University Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop EcologyPhysiology & ProductionMinistry of Agriculture

Elevated CO can stimulate C and N exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways from wetlands,however,little is known about the consequent influences on their C and N pools.Therefore,we simultaneously investigated the changes of total organic C(TOC) and total N(TN) in the surface water and soil of a paddy field under FACE(Free air CO enrichment) facility.The FACE experiment was situated in East China with three replicates of elevated CO(ambient+200 μmol/mol) and ambient randomly located in six octagonal plots on a calcareous soil.Each plot was split into two subplots with low and high levels of N application(12.5 and 25 g/m),respectively.Five-year CO fumigation significantly increased TOC and TN concentrations in the surface water and soil,as well as crops biomass and plant N accumulation,indicating great C and N gains in the paddy field at ecosystem scale.Elevated CO also decreased natural δ15 N value and dissolved N concentration in the surface soil,showing CO-led enhancements of biological N fixation and exogenous N conservation in the paddy field.Our results demonstrate that,unlike in most terrestrial ecosystems,the progressive N or element limitation to net primary production will not occur in paddy ecosystems,suggesting a great potential of C sequestration in paddy ecosystem under future climate.Since the similar situations between paddy ecosystems and natural wetlands,our results indicate that elevated CO may facilitate long-term C sequestration and N accumulation in wetlands.

关键词： global climate change paddy field wetland ecosystem total organic carbon total nitrogen natural δ15 N value Free air CO2 enrichment（FACE）

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Beyond Copenhagen: Reconciling International Fairness, Econo...