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遗传学与表观遗传学前沿暨第三届中国青年遗传学家论坛

作者：钱朝菊 Xia Yan Jiecai Zhao Guoxiong Chen Eviatar Nevo Xiao-Fei Ma 于黎 Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions Gansu ProvinceDepartment of Ecology and Agriculture ResearchCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Evolution University of HaifaMount Carmel

In the recent decades,there found overwhelming evidences showed that the climate is changing rapidly,which has been the research hotspot in the area of evolution and ecology.global climate change is one of themajor environmental stressesthat threating biodiversity and the living of organisms,as a result,plant always get some phenotypic variation to adapt to the environment,however,for plants,the successful reproduction requires exact timing of flowering,and the time of flowering during the year is an important adaptive trait.Previous studies witnessed that the time of flowering in wild species have been earlier than before,showed that the change of flowering time is an effective strategy to adapt to the climate change.In 2012,a research examined 10 wild barley sampled in 1980 and again in 2008 detected profound adaptive changes in flowering time(Nevo et al.,2012 PNAS),the results found that the average flowering time of the all ten populations of wild barleyin 2008 have been distinct earlier than that in 1980,and SSR analysis showed that the frequencies of genotypes have been changed to mitigate the global climate change.However,thegenetic mechanism of the phenomena has not been detected.We examined the phenotypeof 10wild barley populations sampled in 1980 and again in 2008,then took advantage of the genome of barley to investigate the nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibriumof the flowering time networks based on the Sanger sequencing and Next-generation sequencing.Toanalyze the frequency and the co-contribution to the phenotypes ofthe regulatory network of flowering time genes,we used the clinal variation and candidate gene association study approaches to map the mutationswhich contribute to the complex adaptive traits.This study will address the genetic basis underline early flowering in natural populations of wild barley,to provide an genetic example how annual plantmitigate in a short generations to adaptthe global climate change by regulating flowering timefor the first time.

关键词： global climate change adaptive evolution wild barley genetic basis association study

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global change Effects on Plant Chemical Defenses against Insect Herbivores

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1339-1354页

作者： M.Gabriela Bidart-Bouzat Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University

This review focuses on individual effects of major global change factors, such as elevated CO2, O3, UV light and temperature, on plant secondary chemistry. These secondary metabolites are well-known for their role in plant defense against insect herbivory. global change effects on secondary chemicals appear to be plant species-specifc and dependent on the chemical type. Even though plant chemical responses induced by these factors are highly variable, there seems to be some specificity in the response to different environmental stressors. For example, even though the production of phenolic compounds is enhanced by both elevated CO2 and UV light levels, the latter appears to primarily increase the concentrations of flavonoids. Likewise, specific phenolic metabolites seem to be induced by O3 but not by other factors, and an increase in volatile organic compounds has been particularly detected under elevated temperature. More information is needed regarding how global change factors influence inducibility of plant chemical defenses as well as how their indirect and direct effects impact insect performance and behavior, herbivory rates and pathogen attack. This knowledge is crucial to better understand how plants and their associated natural enemies will be affected in future changing environments.

关键词： elevated CO2 global climate change insect herbivory ozone plant chemical defenses plant-insect interactions plant secondary metabolites temperature tri-trophic interactions UV light.

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The genetic basis of the leafy seadragon's unique camouflage morphology and avenues for its efficient conservation derived from habitat modeling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1213-1230页

作者： Meng Qu Yingyi Zhang Zexia Gao Zhixin Zhang Yali Liu Shiming Wan Xin Wang Haiyan Yu Huixian Zhang Yuhong Liu Ralf Schneider Axel Meyer Qiang Lin CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(GMLGuangzhou)Guangzhou511458China Sanya Institute of Oceanology SCSIOSanya572000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China College of Fisheries Key Lab of Freshwater Animal BreedingMinistry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Marine Evolutionary Ecology Zoological InstituteKiel University24118KielGermany Department of Biology University of Konstanz78464KonstanzGermany global Ocean and climate Research Center South China Sea Institute of OceanologyGuangzhou510301China

The leafy seadragon certainly is among evolution’s most“beautiful and wonderful”species aptly named for its extraordinary camouflage mimicking its coastal seaweed habitat.However,limited information is known about the genetic basis of its phenotypes and conspicuous camouflage.Here,we revealed genomic signatures of rapid evolution and positive selection in core genes related to its camouflage,which allowed us to predict population dynamics for this species.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that seadragons have the smallest olfactory repertoires among all ray-finned fishes,suggesting adaptations to the highly specialized habitat.Other positively selected and rapidly evolving genes that serve in bone development and coloration are highly expressed in the leaf-like appendages,supporting a recent adaptive shift in camouflage appendage formation.Knock-out of bmp6 results in dysplastic intermuscular bones with a significantly reduced number in zebrafish,implying its important function in bone formation.global climate change-induced loss of seagrass beds now severely threatens the continued existence of this enigmatic species.The leafy seadragon has a historically small population size likely due to its specific habitat requirements that further exacerbate its vulnerability to climate change.Therefore,taking climate change-induced range shifts into account while developing future protection strategies.

关键词： seadragon camouflage olfactory receptor global climate change habitat suitability conservation

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Historic and Future Perspectives of Storm and Cyclone

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 447-463页

作者： Gang FU Pengyuan LI Lijia CHEN Yongmao PENG Jing NI Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Division of Oceanic Dynamics and climate Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266000China

In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong winds,large precipitation amounts in the form of rain,freezing rain,or snow,as well as thunder and lightning.But what is the connection between these two specific terms?In this paper,the historic evolutions of the terms“storm”and“cyclone”are reviewed from the perspective of weather science.The earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly introduced.Then,the origin of the term“meteorological bomb”,which is the nickname of the“explosive cyclone”is introduced.Later,the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are discussed.Also,the climatological features of explosive cyclones,as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change,are discussed.

关键词： weather sciences storm and cyclone the origin of explosive cyclone climatological features global climate change future trends

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climate change impacts the distribution of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis(Fagaceae),a keystone lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests

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Plant Diversity 2023年第5期45卷 552-568页

作者： Lin Lin Xiao-Long Jiang Kai-Qi Guo Amy Byrne Min Deng School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of BiodiversityYunnan UniversityKunming 650500YunnanChina Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of BioResources in YunnanYunnan UniversityKunming 650500YunnanChina College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai 201602China The Morton Arboretum LileIL 60532-1293USA

East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests(EBFLs) harbor high species richness,but these ecosystems are severely impacted by global climate change and deforestation.Conserving and managing EBLFs requires understanding dominant tree distribution dynamics.In this study,we used 29 species in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis-a keystone lineage in East Asian EBLFs-as proxies to predict EBLF distribution dynamics using species distribution models(SDMs).We examined climatic niche overlap,similarity,and equivalency among seven biogeographical regions’ species using’ecospat’.We also estimated the effectiveness of protected areas in the predicted range to elucidate priority conservation regions.Our results showed that the climatic niches of most geographical groups differ.The western species under the Indian summer monsoon regime were mainly impacted by temperature factors,whereas precipitation impacted the eastern species under the East Asian summer monsoon regime.Our simulation predicted a northward range expansion of section Cyclobalanopsis between 2081 and 2100,except for the ranges of the three Himalayan species analyzed,which might shrink significantly.The greatest shift of highly suitable areas was predicted for the species in the South Pacific,with a centroid shift of over 300 km.Remarkably,only 7.56% of suitable habitat is currently inside protected areas,and the percentage is predicted to continue declining in the future.To better conserve Asian EBLFs,establishing nature reserves in their northern distribution ranges,and transplanting the populations with predicted decreasing numbers and degraded habitats to their future highly suitable areas,should be high-priority objectives.

关键词： Species distribution model(SDM) East Asian tropics and subtropics Biodiversity conservation Distribution dynamics global climate change

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Potential Distribution of Seagrass Meadows Based on the MaxEnt Model in Chinese Coastal Waters

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第5期21卷 1351-1361页

作者： WANG Ming WANG Yong LIU Guangliang CHEN Yuhu YU Naijing Center for High Performance Computing and System Simulation Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266200China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250101China

Seagrass meadows are generally diverse in China and have become important ecosystem with essential functions.However,the seagrass distribution across the seawaters of China has not been evaluated,and the magnitude and direction of changes in seagrass meadows remain unclear.This study aimed to provide a nationwide seagrass distribution map and explore the dynamic changes in seagrass population under global climate change.Simulation studies were performed using the modeling software MaxEnt with 58961 occurrence records and 27 marine environmental variables to predict the potential distribution of seagrasses and calculate the area.Seven environmental variables were excluded from the modeling processes based on a correlation analysis to ensure predicted suitability.The predicted area was 790.09 km^(2),which is much larger than the known seagrass distribution in China(87.65 km^(2)).By 2100,the suitable habitat of seagrass will shift northwest and increase to 923.62 km2.Models of the sum of the individual family under-pre-dicted the national distribution of seagrasses and consistently showed a downward trend in the future.Out of all environmental vari-ables,physical parameters(e.g.,depth,land distance,and sea surface temperature)contributed the most in predicting seagrass distri-butions,and nutrients(e.g.,nitrate,phosphate)ranked among the key influential predictors for habitat suitability in our study area.This study is the first effort to fill a gap in understanding the distribution of seagrasses in China.Further studies using modeling and biological/ecological approaches are warranted.

关键词： seagrass meadows species distribution modeling global climate change Chinese coastal waters

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Earth energy evolution, human development and carbon neutral strategy

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第2期49卷 468-488页

作者： ZOU Caineng MA Feng PAN Songqi LIN Minjie ZHANG Guosheng XIONG Bo WANG Ying LIANG Yingbo YANG Zhi PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China

Energy is the basis of human development and the impetus of society progress. There are three sources of energy: energy of celestial body outside the Earth, the Earth energy and energy of interaction between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Meanwhile, there are three scales of co-evolution: the evolution of the Sun-Earth-Moon system on an ultra-long time scale has provided energy sources and extra-terrestrial environmental conditions for the formation of the Earth system;the evolution of the Earth system on a long time scale has provided the material preconditions such as energy resources and suitable sphere environment for life birth and the human development;on a short time scale, the development of human civilization makes the human circle break through the Earth system, expanding the extraterrestrial civilization. With the co-evolution, there are three processes in the carbon cycle: inorganic carbon cycle, short-term organic carbon cycle and long-term organic carbon cycle, which records human immoderate utilization of fossil energy and global sphere reforming activities, breaking the natural balance and closed-loop path of the carbon cycle of the Earth, causing the increase of greenhouse gases and global climate change, affecting human happiness and development. The energy transition is inevitable, and carbon neutrality must be realized. Building the green energy community is a fundamental measure to create the new energy system under carbon neutrality target. China is speeding up its energy revolution and developing a powerful energy nation. It is necessary to secure the cornerstone of the supply of fossil energy and forge a strong growing pole for green and sustainable development of new energy. China energy production and consumption structure will make a revolutionary transformation from the type of fossil energy domination to the type of new energy domination, depending on a high-level self-reliance of science and technology and a high-quality green energy system of cleaning, low-carbon, safety, eff

关键词： energy evolution earth system human civilization carbon neutrality carbon cycle global climate change technological innovation energy power

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A Middle Pleistocene Glaciation Record from Lacustrine Sediments in the Western Tibetan Plateau and Discussion on climate change

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 623-635页

作者： ZHAO Zhenming JI Wenhua FU Chaofeng Xi'an Center China Geological SurveyXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education of China and Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth and EnvironmentCASXi'an 710075China

The Tibetan Plateau is an important area for studying global climate change,but the answers to many scientific problems remain unknown.Here,we present new information from the lacustrine sedimentary record in the western Tibetan Plateau,related to the third most-recent glaciations.Continuous sediment data,including sporopollen,particle size,total organic carbon,mass susceptibility,CaCO_(3),CaSO_(4),BaSO_(4)contents and chronological data,were reconstructed and revealed that climate and environmental conditions obviously and distinctly changed between 600 and 700 thousand years ago.In comparison,the data obtained from the Guliya ice core in this area also corresponds to the global glacial climatic characteristics recorded in basin sediments in the eastern and southeastern regions of the plateau and to the information obtained from ice cores in the Antarctic and Arctic regions.In this study,we conclude that the main reason for the glaciations and new tectonic movement must be a geomagnetic polarity reversal 774 thousand years ago(from Matuyama to Brunhes).Indeed,the results of this study suggest that the described reversal event might have influenced the current global climate pattern and will continue to impact climatic changes in the future.

关键词： glacial record global climate change geomagnetic polarity reversal middle Pleistocene western Tibetan Plateau

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Sustainable flood management strategies for resilient cities

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 269-270页

作者： Samuel Ariyo Okaiyeto Jun Wang Hongwei Xiao College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

The world is suffering more and more serious climate change events this summer[1]:temperature records broken constantly,ocean waters as warm as hot tubs,floods are raging around the world.It has been confirmed that the July 2023 was the hottest month in recorded history and the average global temperature was 1.54ºC above the preindustrial average for July[2].The world seems to be entering the tipping points of climate change beyond which climate change will occur more dramatic and quickly,become self-perpetuating and difficult or impossible to undo[3].

关键词： flood disasters management sustainable strategies resilient cities global climate change Zhuozhou city

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Interactive Effects of Elevated CO_2 and Growth Temperature on the Tolerance of Photosynthesis to Acute Heat Stress in C_3 and C_4 Species

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： E. William Hamilton III Scott A. Heckathorn Puneet Joshi Dan Wang Deepak Barua Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

Determining effects of elevated CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat-stress （heat wave） is necessary for predicting plant responses to global warming, as photosynthesis is thermolabile and acute heat-stress and atmospheric CO2 will increase in the future. Few studies have examined this, and past results are variable, which may be due to methodological variation. To address this, we grew two C3 and two C4 species at current or elevated CO2 and three different growth temperatures （GT）. We assessed photosynthetic thermotolerance in both unacclimated （basal tolerance） and preheat-stressed （preHS = acclimated） plants. In C3 species, basal thermotolerance of net photosynthesis （Pn） was increased in high CO2, but in C4 species, Pn thermotlerance was decreased by high CO2 （except Zea mays at low GT）; CO2 effects in preHS plants were mostly small or absent, though high CO2 was detrimental in one C3 and one C4 species at warmer GT. Though high CO2 generally decreased stomatal conductance, decreases in P, during heat stress were mostly due to non-stomatal effects. Photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） efficiency was often decreased by high CO2 during heat stress, especially at high GT; CO2 effects on post-PSⅡ electron transport were variable. Thus, high CO2 often affected photosynthetic theromotolerance, and the effects varied with photosynthetic pathway, growth temperature, and acclimation state. Most importantly, in heat-stressed plants at normal or warmer growth temperatures, high CO2 may often decrease, or not benefit as expected, tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat stress. Therefore, interactive effects of elevated CO2 and warmer growth temperatures on acute heat tolerance may contribute to future changes in plant productivity, distribution, and diversity.

关键词： carbon dioxide global climate change photosynthesis thermotolerance.

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