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Astroglial anatomy in the times of connectomics

Journal of Translational Neuroscience 2017年第4期2卷 31-40页

作者： Corrado Calì Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In contrast to neurons, the role of astro-cytes has been matter of debate since their discovery, and mostly because of misconceptions about their role. As a consequence, technologies to study brain physiology have been designed around neurons, to answer one specifc question, leaving glia experts with the only possibility to “hack” these techniques to describe astrocytes. As questions to answer about astrocytic functioning are based on factual observations, conclusions are often vague and cryptic, no matter how technically sound the work is. For instance, compelling evidence on calcium elevations has been provided, their dynamics have been studied in detail, but their role is still open for interpretation. Another as-trocytic feature that carries a lot of mysteries is their com-plex morphology. The use of three-dimensional electron microscopy （3DEM） would most certainly be the best approach to unveil hidden features of such complex cells, nevertheless so far 3DEM hasn’t been fully exploited in that sense, nor techniques has been adapted for astrocytic observations in particular. One of the most ambitious neuroscience projects, the connectome, is pushing to their limits electron microscopy, image segmentation and 3D reconstruction and analysis, making it a very good candi-date to adapt pipelines and methodologies to the study of astrocytic morphology. Here, we briefy review our current knowledge and technical state of art on 3D glia morphology, and speculate about its future directions.

关键词： astrocytes connectome three-dimensional (3D) glia morphology

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