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glacier mass balance and its impacts on streamflow in a typical inland river basin in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China

引用

Journal of Arid Land 2022年第4期14卷 455-472页

作者： PENG Jiajia LI Zhongqin XU Liping MA Yuqing LI Hongliang ZHAO Weibo FAN Shuang College of Sciences Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology Shihezi 832003China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China

glaciers are known as natural ’’solid reservoirs’ ’, and they play a dual role between the composition of water resources and the river runoff regulation in arid and semi-arid areas of China. In this study, we used in situ observation data from Urumqi glacier No. 1, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in combination with meteorological data from stations and a digital elevation model, to develop a distributed degree-day model for glaciers in the Urumqi River Basin to simulate glacier mass balance processes and quantify their effect on streamflow during 1980–2020. The results indicate that the mass loss and the equilibrium line altitude(ELA) of glaciers in the last 41 years had an increasing trend, with the average mass balance and ELA being-0.85(±0.32) m w.e./a(meter water-equivalent per year) and 4188 m a.s.l., respectively. The glacier mass loss has increased significantly during 1999–2020, mostly due to the increase in temperature and the extension of ablation season. During 1980–2011, the average annual glacier meltwater runoff in the Urumqi River Basin was 0.48×108 m3, accounting for 18.56% of the total streamflow. We found that the annual streamflow in different catchments in the Urumqi River Basin had a strong response to the changes in glacier mass balance, especially from July to August, and the glacier meltwater runoff increased significantly. In summary, it is quite possible that the results of this research can provide a reference for the study of glacier water resources in glacier-recharged basins in arid and semi-arid areas.

关键词： glacier mass balance glacier meltwater runoff glacier modelling Urumqi River Basin Tianshan Mountains

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