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Research progress of ginger in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第11期15卷 1835-1851页

作者： Guo-Qing Chen Yi Nan Shi-Cong Huang Na Ning Yu-Hua Du Dou-Dou Lu Ya-Ting Yang Fan-Di Meng Ling Yuan College of Pharmacy Ningxia Medical CollegeYinchuan 750004Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization Ministry of EducationNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Traditional Chinese Medicine College Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina School of Clinical Medicine College Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina

Cancer seriously endangers human health.Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common and major malignant tumor,and its morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing.Although there are effective treatments such as radio-therapy and chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors,they are often accom-panied by serious side effects.According to the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology theory,many materials are both food and medicine.Moreover,food is just as capable of preventing and treating diseases as medicine.Medicine and food homologous herbs not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities but also have few side effects.As a typical medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible uses,some components of ginger have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer.A mass of evidence has also shown that ginger has anti-tumor effects on digestive tract cancers(such as gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,laryngeal cancer,and pancreatic cancer)through a variety of pathways.The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main components of ginger and their potential clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal tumors.

关键词： ginger Medicine and food homology Gastrointestinal cancer Molecular mechanism Tumor

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Production and evaluation of novel functional extruded corn snacks fortified with ginger,bay leaves and turmeric powder

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 41-57页

作者： Sara Adel Amer Ayat Ebrahim Rizk Special Food and Nutrition Research Department Food Technology Research Institute.Agricultural Research Center9 Gamaa StreetGizaEgypt

Extruded corn snacks are accepted by all human ages especially children, but they have low functional value. Therefore, corn extruded snacks contain rich nutraceuticals dried herbs including Laurus nobilis (T1), Curcuma longa (T2), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (T3), and the mixture of these herbs (T4) were manufactured and analyzed. The results declared that all the herbal extruded corn snacks had significantly higher ash, fibers, minerals, and vitamins A and B6. For minerals, the highest percent of increase compared to control was achieved by Fe, K, Ca, Zn content in order, being the highest in T4. The contents of Vitamin A and B6 were ranged from 283 to 445 IU/100 g and from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/100 g for the herbal extrudates, respectively. The increased percent in herbal corn snacks relative to control ranged from 743 to 452%, 188 to 17.6%, and from 313 to 99% for total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Besides, the highest number of phenolic compounds was recorded in T4. Despite the fact that approximately all herbal extruded products had good texture and color characteristics, the best formulation was T2 and T4 corn snacks. Furthermore, the extruded products were microbiologically safe for up to 9 months. The formulation of herbal-corn snacks could fulfill consumers’ requirement for ready-to-eat-healthy foods with acceptable sensory attributes and also economically suitable for the food industry.

关键词： ginger Laurel Turmeric Extrusion Corn snacks functional foods

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Sulfur-fumigated ginger identification via brightness information and voting mechanism

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第1期7卷 119-131页

作者：王天严辉王子怡杨芮章晋胡孔法杨曦晨韦明慧段金廒 College of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources IndustrializationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina

As a food consumed worldwide,ginger is often sulfur-fumigated.Sulfur-fumigated ginger is harmful to health.However,traditional methods to detect sulfur-fumigated ginger are expensive and unpractical for the general public.In this paper,we present an efficient and convenient identification method based on image processing.First,rapid detection kits were employed to mark three levels of sulfur-fumigated gingers,and the RGB images of the gingers of each sulfur-fumigated level are collected.Second,the brightness and texture features were extracted from the images.Three machine learning methods,Support Vector Machine,Back Propagation Neural Network and Random Forest,were applied to establish prediction models.Third,the accuracy of each model was calculated and different weights were assigned for different models.Finally,models with different weights determined whether the ginger was sulfur-fumigated or non-sulfur-fumigated,and then the results were summarized to establish the final identification model.The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust.When the training set occupies 90%,the prediction accuracy is up to 100%.When the training set only occupies 10%,the accuracy remains high at 80%.Meanwhile,the proposed method is more competitive than other methods in terms of accuracy.

关键词： ginger sulfurfumigation image processing feature extraction

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Oxalic acid in ginger specifically denatures the acrid raphides in the unprocessed dried tuber of Pinellia ternata

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 33-40页

作者： Tsukasa Fueki Itsuki Nose Yan Liu Koichiro Tanaka Takao Namiki Toshiaki Makino Matsuya Pharmacy NiigataJapan Department of Pharmacognosy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan Department of Traditional Medicine Toho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Japanese-Oriental(Kampo)Medicine Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan

Objective:Pinellia Tuber,the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata,is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese medicines.The unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx mucosa.Recent studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides,that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins,are the main causative substances of the irritation.ginger,the rhizome of Zingiber officinale,has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century,however,the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved yet.Methods:We developed the raphides denaturation assay(RDA)to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause irritation.By their lipophilic characters,the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether(PE)layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water,and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the absorbance.By this assay,we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the raphides.We also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured raphides.Results:The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent manner.The activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia Tuber.Oxalic acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-,time-,and concentration-dependent manners,and its activity was affected by pH.The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in human.Conclusions:We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinellia Tuber.

关键词： Acridity ginger Pinellia ternata Pinellia Tuber Processing Raphide

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Use of ginger versus stretching exercises for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第4期15卷 295-301页

作者： Marjan Ahmad Shirvani Narges Motahari-Tabari Abbas Alipour Department of Midwifery School of Nursing & Midwifery Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Department of Community Medicine School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

BACKGROUND： Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic problem. In some cases, non-medical treatments are considered to be more effective, with fewer side effects. ginger and exercise are alternative treatments for dysmenorrhea, but in the present study they were not combined. OBJECTIVE： In this study, the effects of ginger and exercise on primary dysmenorrhea were compared. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This randomized controlled tdal was performed in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Two groups of female students were recruited by simple random allocation. In each group, 61 students with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea with regular menstrual cycles and without a history of regular exercise were assessed. The ginger group received 250 mg ginger capsules from the onset of menstruation. In the exercise group, belly and pelvic stretching exercises were performed for 10 min, 3 times per week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Intensity of pain was assessed according to a visual analogue scale after the first and the second month. RESULTS： Exercise was significantly more effective than ginger for pain relief （31.57± 16.03 vs 38.19 ± 20.47, P = 0.02）, severity of dysmenorrhea （63.9% vs 44.3% mild dysmenorrhea, P = 0.02） and decrease in menstrual duration （6.08 ± 1.22 vs 6.67± 1.24, P = 0.006）, in the second cycle. CONCLUSION： Stretching exercises, as a safe and low-cost treatment, are more effective than ginger for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea.

关键词： ginger pain primary dysmenorrhea stretching exercise

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ginger extract enhances antioxidant ability and immunity of layers

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 407-409页

作者： Shengying An Guanzhong Liu Xin Guo Yahui An Renyu Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071000China

This experiment was to investigate ginger extract on production performance,antioxidant ability and immunity of laying hens.A total of 600 Hy-Line brown laying hens aged at 25 wk old were randomly divided into 2 treatments,4 replicates per treatment,75 layers each replicate.The control group hens were fed a basal diet;the experimental group hens were fed basal diets with 0.1%ginger extract.The results were shown as follows:1)ginger extract significantly enhanced laying rates(Pginger extract did not change the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)but significantly improved plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity(Pginger extract did not affect the contents of serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),but significantly increased lysozyme(LZM)activity(Pginger extract also significantly reduced plasma prostaglandin E2(PGE2)content(Pginger extract not only can improve the birds’antioxidant capacity,enhance immune function,but also has a potential of reducing inflammatory response.

关键词： Antioxidant ability Immunity ginger extract Layers Prostaglandin E2

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ginger extract attenuates ethanol-induced pulmonary histological changes and oxidative stress in rats

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第6期31卷 521-527页

作者： Alireza Shirpoor Farzaneh Hosseini Gharalari Yousef Rasmi Elaheh Heshmati Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center Departments of Biochemistry Department of Nutrition Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran

Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with changes in the function and structure of the lungs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the lungs and whether ginger extract mitigated pulmonary abnormalities induced by ethanol in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into the control group, the ethanol group, and the ethanol plus ginger extract group. Six weeks of ethanol treatment increased the proliferation of lung cells, and induced fibrosis, inflammation and leukocyte infiltration. A significant rise in the level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, NADPH oxidase, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein was also observed. ginger extract significantly ameliorated the above changes. These findings indicate that ethanol induces abnormalities in the lungs by oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress, and that these effects can be alleviated by ginger, which may function as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

关键词： ethanol lung oxidative stress DNA damage rat fibrosis ginger

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In vitro anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 727-734页

作者： Manel Amri Chafia Touil-Boukoffa University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene Faculty of Biological Science Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Team‘Cytokines and NO Synthases'

Objective: To study in vitro anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol as an alternative therapy for Cystic echinococcosis. Methods: Effect of a commonly used herbal product and ginger(Zingiber officinale) towards protoscoleces(PSC) and cyst wall in vitro was studied. The effect of [6]-gingerol, and the pungent constituent of ginger, was also evaluated on PSC culture. Furthermore, the activity of both extracts in association with interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) on PSC co-cultured with mononuclear cells of hydatic patients was evaluated. The nitric oxide(NO) production was measured in each co-culture. Results: ginger exhibited a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect against PSC and cyst wall. Interestingly, ginger was more effective than the [6]-gingerol. Moreover, additional parasitic effect between extracts and IFN-γ are also observed in co-cultures. Furthermore, both extracts attenuated the NO production elicited by this infection or by the IFN-γ. Conclusions: ginger has an important anti-hydatic effect in vitro. This effect is amplified in the presence of IFN-γ. Moreover, this herbal product may protect against host's cell death by reducing the high levels of NO. ginger may act, at least, through the [6]-gingerol. All our data suggest the promising use of ginger in the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus infection.

关键词： ginger -gingerol Echinococcosis Cytotoxic activity Nitric oxide

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Protective effect of ginger volatile oil against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: a light microscopic evaluation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第2期12卷 115-120页

作者： Amir Rashidian Saeed Mehrzadi Ali Reza Ghannadi Parvin Mahzooni Samira Sadr Mohsen Minaiyan Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Department of Clinical Pathology School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Tehran Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences

OBJECTIVE： Ulcerative colitis is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin. In the present study, the effect of ginger （rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe） volatile oil on a rat model of colitis was evaluated. METHODS： Volatile oil of ginger with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, prednisolone （4 mg/kg）, or vehicle were administered orally to groups of male Wistar rats （n = 6） for 5 d. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 2 mL of 4% （v/v） acetic acid solution. All rats were sacrificed 24 h later and the tissue injuries were assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS： ginger volatile oil with all doses reduced colon weight/length ratio （P 〈 0.01） and the effects were similar to the reference drugs. Higher oral doses of volatile oil （200 and 400 mg/kg） reduced ulcer severity （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01）, ulcer area （P 〈 0.01） and ulcer index （P 〈 0.01）. On the other hand, evaluation of microscopic scores showed that the dose of 400 mg/kg of volatile oil was effective to reduce inflammation severity （P 〈 0.01） and inflammation extent （P 〈 0.05） compared to the control group. CONCLUSION： It is concluded that ginger volatile oil could effectively reduce symptoms of experimental colitis in a dose-dependent manner.

关键词： ginger Zingiber officinale oils, volatile acetic acid colitis rats

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Metabolomics of ginger based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology

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Food Quality and Safety 2021年第2期5卷 170-178页

作者：严辉邹冬倩周桂生余函纹李鹏辉王天舒包贝华郭盛段金廒 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resource Industrialization/Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Recycling Utilization of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina.

Objectives:Dried ginger and ginger are the same type of medicine and food.The differential components of ginger and dried ginger,dried ginger and ginger charcoal were investigated.Materials and Methods:The experimental materials were divided into three sample groups:the ginger group,dried ginger group,and ginger charcoal group.The ginger group,dried ginger group,and ginger charcoal group were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The data were processed by Marker View Software.Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis were performed with SIMCA 13.0 Software.The differential components of the ginger and dried ginger groups as well as the dried ginger and ginger charcoal groups with a variable importance in the projection>2(Pgingerol,8-gingerol,and 10-gingerol,were identified between the ginger group and dried ginger group;13 differential components,including 6-shogaol,10-gingerol,and zingiberone,were identified between the dried ginger group and ginger charcoal group.Conclusions:The main differential components between the ginger and dried ginger groups and the dried ginger and ginger charcoal groups were gingerols and diphenylheptanes.Based on metabolomics analysis of the chemical composition of ginger’s medicinal materials,effects,and other related factors,it is recommended that 6-gingerol,6-shogaol,and zingiberone should be used as indicative components for the respective quality evaluation of ginger,dried ginger and ginger charcoal.The results of this study may provide a basis for the reasonable quality evaluation of ginger medicinal materials.

关键词： ginger dried ginger ginger charcoal metabolomics quality evaluation

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