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Biochemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Different Shell Color Strains of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第4期17卷 897-904页

作者： ZHU Yijing LI Qi YU Hong KONG Lingfeng Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

The shell color of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) is a desirable trait; but the nutritional studies on C. gigas with different shell colors have not been conducted. Through successive selective breeding, five shell color strains of black(B), purple(P), orange(O), golden(G) and white(W) C. gigas have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional value of five shell color strains and one commercial population with a common color. The biochemical composition including moisture, total protein, glycogen, ash, total fat, fatty acids(FA), amino acids and minerals was detected. The results indicated that the protein(50.76%–56.57%) was the major component. The content of glycogen showed a significant difference between orange shell and golden shell strains, as well as between commercial population and golden shell strain. In addition, all shell color strains contained a large amount of essential amino acids(12.20–14.15 g(100 g)^(-1)), of them leucine(2.81–3.29 g(100 g)^(-1)) and lysine(2.79–3.28 g(100 g)^(-1)) were predominant. The oysters were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids(42.26%–45.24% of total fatty acid) with high levels of DHA(18.53%–21.16% of total fatty acid) and EPA(17.23%–18.68% of total fatty acid). Significant differences of mineral contents(Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu) were identified among the six populations. These results indicated that C. gigas with different shell colors presented rich nutritional value with high protein, glycogen, essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biochemical composition obtained in this study is useful for selective breeding of C. gigas with different shell colors.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas biochemical composition nutrition value shell color selective breeding

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bHLH genes polymorphisms and their association with growth traits in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 862-868页

作者： CHEN Na LI Li LI Chenghua LIN Zhihua MENG Jie LIU Sheng SONG Kai BAO Yongbo Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources College of Biological&Environmental SciencesZhejiang Wanli UniversityNingbo 315121China School of Marine Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)genes encode a large superfamily of transcription factors in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas),and play a very important role in regulation of growth and *** investigate the oyster growth traits and the associations with bHLH genes variations,we analyzed the gene polymorphisms-traits association in a wild population,and confirmed the results in another independent wild population by targeted gene re-sequencing and SNPshot *** screening the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in three candidate genes of the bHLH family(88 bHLH genes in two wild oyster populations in total),we identified the allele CgLoblHLH4-T/G located in the exon of the CgLoblHLH4 *** allele is a non-synonymous mutation(Phe/Leu)with an extremely significant association with shell width(P<0.01)and allele G is beneficial to shell *** SNP on the CgLoblHLH4 gene might have a potential value as a genetic marker of growth traits that could be used in breeding in *** in the future.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) re-sequencing single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)shot growth traits

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Mass Selection for Growth Improvement in Black Shell Line of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第6期18卷 1411-1416页

作者： XU Chengxun LI Qi CHONG Jindou LIU Shikai KONG Lingfeng Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,naturally distributing along the coast of northwest Pacific,is one of the most important bivalve species due to its high economic value and *** China,we have initiated a selective breeding program on both shell color and growth rate of *** since 2010.A black shell line was obtained through four-generation family *** this study,mass selection for growth improvement was conducted in the sixth generation and seventh generation of black shell *** assess the progress of potential genetic improvement,the progeny of two generations of black shell lines were selected to evaluate their shell heights via a 450-day farming *** the results,after growing for 450 days,the sixth generation and seventh generation of selected lines were 9.03% and 11.42% larger than the control lines,*** the grow-out stage,the genetic gain of two generations was 8.82%±0.18% and 11.54%±0.43%,respectively;and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.45±0.04 and 0.41±0.04,*** results indicated that the mass selection for shell height achieved steady progress in the two generations of ***.

关键词： Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas mass selection black shell line genetic gain realized heritability

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Relationship Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Glycogen Synthase Gene of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas and Its Glycogen Content

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第1期16卷 168-174页

作者： LIU Siwei LI Qi YU Hong KONG Lingfeng Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

Glycogen is important not only for the energy supplementary of oysters, but also for human consumption. High glycogen content can improve the stress survival of oyster. A key enzyme in glycogenesis is glycogen synthase that is encoded by glycogen synthase gene GYS. In this study, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in coding regions of Crassostrea gigas GYS(Cg-GYS) and individual glycogen content was investigated with 321 individuals from five full-sib families. Single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) procedure was combined with sequencing to confirm individual SNP genotypes of Cg-GYS. Least-square analysis of variance was performed to assess the relationship of variation in glycogen content of C. gigas with single SNP genotype and SNP haplotype. As a consequence, six SNPs were found in coding regions to be significantly associated with glycogen content(P gigas.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas glycogen content glycogen synthase gene SNP

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Development of Genomic Microsatellite Multiplex PCR Using Dye-Labeled Universal Primer and Its Validation in Pedigree Analysis of Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第1期16卷 151-160页

作者： LIU Ting LI Qi SONG Junlin YU Hong Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

There is an increasing requirement for traceability of aquaculture products, both for consumer protection and for food safety. There are high error rates in the conventional traceability systems depending on physical labels. Genetic traceability technique depending on DNA-based tracking system can overcome this problem. Genealogy information is essential for genetic traceability, and microsatellite DNA marker is a good choice for pedigree analysis. As increasing genotyping throughput of microsatellites, microsatellite multiplex PCR has become a fast and cost-effective technique. As a commercially important cultured aquatic species, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has the highest global production. The objective of this study was to develop microsatellite multiplex PCR panels with dye-labeled universal primer for pedigree analysis in C. gigas, and these multiplex PCRs were validated using 12 full-sib families with known pedigrees. Here we developed six informative multiplex PCRs using 18 genomic microsatellites in C. gigas. Each multiplex panel contained a single universal primer M13(-21) used as a tail on each locus-specific forward primer and a single universal primer M13(-21) labeled with fluorophores. The polymorphisms of the markers were moderate, with an average of 10.3 alleles per locus and average polymorphic information content of 0.740. The observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.492 to 0.822. Cervus simulations revealed that the six panels would still be of great value when massive families were analysed. Pedigree analysis of real offspring demonstrated that 100% of the offspring were unambiguously allocated to their parents when two multiplex PCRs were used. The six sets of multiplex PCRs can be an important tool for tracing cultured individuals, population genetic analysis, and selective breeding program in C. gigas.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas traceability microsatellites universal primer multiplex PCR pedigree analysis

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Effect of Feeding Strategies on Molecular Responses of Biotransformation Genes in Crassostrea gigas Exposed to Cadmium

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第4期18卷 883-888页

作者： SUN Ming LIU Guangbin LIN Hong ZHANG Tianwen GUO Wen Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province Qingdao 266104 China College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

Heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), are widespread pollutants of great environmental concern because of their ac- cumulation and toxicity. Environmental conditions can affect the accumulation and elimination of Cd in organisms. The aim of this study is to understand the respective responses of metallothioneins (MTs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) genes in the mantle and digestive gland of the oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to 10 g L 1 Cd for 28 days, followed by a depura- tion period of 35 days under different feeding strategies. The MT expression in the digestive gland was higher than in mantle, and was induced in a fluctuating pattern throughout the time of the whole experiment when the oyster was exposed to Cd. The results indicated an enhanced MT activity is required for Cd detoxification. Expression levels of P-gp in the mantle of Cd-exposed oysters fed with algae increased in the first two weeks of the accumulation phase. Then the induction weakened, but the expression still in- creased significantly compared with the control group fed without algae. The P-gp levels in the digestive gland were under-regulated during both the contamination and decontamination periods except in the group fed with Dicrateria inornata at day 0.083. The in- duction of P-gp is possibly related to the important role of pumping Cd out of the cell, while a major implication of P-gp expression inhibition would be a disruption of the protein synthesis. Hsp70 expression exhibited an overall decreasing trend. The highest relative hsp70 inhibition occurred during day 42 to day 63, with approximately 4-fold and 10-fold lower hsp70 levels as compared to the *** feeding with no algae in the mantle and digestive gland, respectively. The induction of hsp70 may be explained by the re- folding of protein in presence of Cd, followed by the inhibition of hsp70 when the protein synthesis was disrupted.

关键词： cadmium metallothionein P-glycoprotein heat shock protein 70 Crassostrea gigas feeding strategies

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TRIPLOIDY INDUCTION IN PACIFIC OYSTER CRASSOSTREA gigas BY CAFFEINE WITH THERMAL SHOCK

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第3期16卷 249-255页

作者：张国范常亚青宋坚丁君沈金开王永平 Key Laboratory of Maricultural Ecology Ministry of Agriculture PRC Dalian Fisheries University Dalian

Zygotes of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were treated for triploid induction with caffeine (10 mmol/L, 15mmol/L and 20mmol/L) in combination with thermal shocks (at 40 minute post -fertilization) lasting for 5 and 10 minutes. The highest yield of triploids, 41. 5%, was obtained from the treatment with 20 mmol/L caffeine at 34℃ lasting 10 minutes. The triploid levels were less than 30. 0% in other treatments. Triploid indution was more effective in treatment with 15 - 20 mmol/L caffeine at 34 - 38℃ than with lower concentrations of caffeine at temperatures below 32℃. Our results suggest tha triploid induction with caffeine in combination with thermal shocks is less efficient than some other methods reported previously.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas triploid caffeine treatment thermal shock

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关于太平洋牡蛎Ostrea(Crassostrea)gigas Thunberg夏苗的海区暂养与分苗技术的探讨

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现代渔业信息 2003年第8期18卷 18-19页

作者：李木彬福州市水产科学研究所

太平洋牡蛎又称长牡蛎,是我国海水养殖重要品种。作者就夏苗下海暂养的时期与运输、夏苗海区的选择、暂养设施、夏苗暂养的几种方法、暂养期间的管理工作、分苗与技术关键作扼要的探讨。

关键词：太平洋牡蛎 Ostrea Crassostrea gigas Thunberg 夏苗海区暂养分苗技术

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δ13C and δ15N in Humboldt squid beaks: understanding potential geographic population connectivity and movement

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第10期38卷 53-59页

作者： Bilin Liu Xinjun Chen Weiguo Qian Yue Jin Jianhua Li College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai 201306China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai 201306China Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration Ministry of AgricultureShanghai 201306China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources Ministry of AgricultureShanghai 201306China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

We quantified theδ^13C andδ^15N values in the lower beaks of Humboldt squid,Dosidicus gigas,collected from international waters off Costa Rica,Ecuador,Peru and Chile by Chinese squid jigging vessels during 2009,2010 and *** was a significant difference in the isotopic values among regions with the lowest value off Ecuador and the highest off Chile,which were interpreted as a function of trophic effects as well as baseline ***,constant trophic level of *** across its geographic range showed that spatial variation in the baseline of primary production is the main driver responsible for the observed geographic isotope ***-regional difference and intra-regional convergence of isotope values indicated squid off Costa Rica,Ecuador and Chile belong to different geographically segregated populations,which were previously proved by integrated population identifying *** contrast,the higher variations inδ^13C andδ^15N values in a given size group suggest the squid off Peru move and forage in different ***,potential population exchange could be responsible for the overlap of the isotope values between the squid off Peru and off *** the whole,the spatial difference in isotopic values of Humboldt squid beaks improves our understanding of potential geographic population connectivity and movement.

关键词： stable isotope Dosidicus gigas beaks geographic variability trophic level the eastern Pacific Ocean

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High Individual Variability in Beak Stable Isotopes of Jumbo Squid off Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) Waters in the Analysis of Migratory and Foraging Ecology

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第1期18卷 232-238页

作者： LIU Bilin JIN Yue CHEN Xinjun LI Jianhua QIAN Weiguo LIU Na HUAN Mengyao College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean University National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources Ministry of Agriculture

Stable isotopes(δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N) have been widely used to track cephalopod habitat, migration and trophic structure. In this study, we analyzed the δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N values in 245 Dosidicus gigas beaks collected during 2009–2010 and in 2013 off Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) waters. High individual variation in beak stable isotopes was shown with values ranging from-19.4‰ to-15.8‰ for δ^(13)C and from 5.0‰ to 15.1‰ for δ^(15)N. A generalized additive model(GAM) showed that latitude, mantle length and distance to shelf break significantly described the isotope variation with deviance ranging from 16.6% in δ^(13)C to 36.3% in δ^(15)N. Large variability in beak δ^(13)C values for a given size and sampling station indicated that D. gigas off the Peruvian EEZ waters migrate in different ways when they occupy a large range of habitats for their ontogeny. Low baseline δ^(15)N values suggested that spatial changes in diet trophic level may be the main determinative factor in beak δ^(15)N variation. We conclude that high variability in beak δ^(15)N values for a given set of explanatory variables indicated that D. gigas is an opportunistic predator with highly diverse dietary habitats. This study further develops our knowledge of the life history of D. gigas in such a highly dynamic region.

关键词： isotopes variability trophic level Beak Dosidicus gigas Peru GAM

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