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China Finance and Economic Review 2024年第1期13卷 3-22页

作者： Zhiqiang Dong Juan Peng Shanshi Liu School of Economics and Management South China Normal University510006

The rapid ascent of digital platforms and the gig economy has prompted concerns about the gender pay gap.The results show that in the gig economy,gender continues to be a crucial determinant of workers'earnings,with women earning 85%of what men earn on a monthly basis.Nevertheless,in comparison to the traditional waged employment during the same period,the gender pay gap in the gig economy has narrowed.While some gig jobs(e.g.,ride-hailing services,delivery services,online education)exhibit certain occupational segregation,women in gig economy work are no longer concentrated in low-paying roles,thereby challenging the occupational crowding hypothesis prevalent in traditional employment.In the gig economy,the vast majority of the gender pay gaps arise from factors within occupations,and occupational segregation only has a very limited impact on the earnings gap.Additionally,the gender pay gap among platform gig workers can be mostly explained by observable factors,which implies that compared to traditional employment,the gig economy exhibits a lower level of implicit gender discrimination in China.Finally,we investigate new factors that determine the gender pay gap in the gig economy.Women exhibit a stronger aversion to algorithmic control,a preference for job flexibility,and a tendency toward more isolated and less socially interactive work environmentsall of which serve to widen the gender pay gap that might have otherwise narrowed.The results of this research suggest that despite the criticisms surrounding the gig economy,it continues to exert a positive influence on China's labor market。

关键词： gig economy platform economy new employment form gender earnings gap gender discrimination

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Multifaceted Disparities Associated with Translator Earnings: A Quantitative Study of Upwork Profiles

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第1期5卷 88-100页

作者： Tyler Horan Data Analytics and Computational Social Science Program University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

This study aims to quantitatively explore the multifaceted determinants that influence earnings in the translation industry.Using a dataset comprising 45000 translator profiles,the study focusses on delineating disparities correlated with demographic variables such as age,gender,home country wealth,and language pairs.The study uses a random forest regression model to delineate the complex interaction between gender,the economic standing of a translator’s domicile country,age,and linguistic proficiency,as they relate to earnings.Our findings substantiate and,in many ways,extend existing qualitative and anecdotal evidence that has shaped the discourse in this sector.The rigorous empirical framework employed here can be replicated or adapted to study other sectors within the gig economy,thus contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of labour dynamics in the digital age.

关键词： translation online employment gig economy intercultural communication

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The Protection of the “Third Kind of Workers” in gig economy from the Perspective of Social Rights

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The Journal of Human Rights 2020年第1期19卷 76-92页

作者：陆海娜陈以恒 Renmin University of China Law School the Center for Human Rights Studies Renmin University of China Beijing V&T Law Firm

Due to the new flexible employment mode of the gig economy,many workers in the gig economy cannot be classified according to the traditional dualistic division of labor relations and non-labor relations,and their rights are basically under no protection.As human beings making a living through their labor,the workers in the gig economy should be entitled to basic human rights,among which the most directly related is social rights.The concept and theoretical framework of"independent workers"put forward by American scholars is more conducive to the protection of their social rights.This theory not only has the legal basis of international law,but also conforms to the legislative purpose of striking a balance between the protection of workers and the sustainable development of the gig economy.It is also practical.Based on this theory,China’s national conditions,and the core conventions of the International Labour Organization,we propose a new way to protect"the third kind of workers"in the gig economy.

关键词： independent workers gig economy the third kind of workers social rights human rights

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Living on the Edge: Brazilian Creative Workers in the gig economy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Psychology Research 2021年第2期11卷 56-62页

作者： Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus ESPM-Rio Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The aim is to analyse the situation of Brazilian creative workers in the gig economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.The main argument indicates that,despite the opportunities for entrepreneurship brought by gig economy during the COVID-19 pandemic,Brazilian creative workers may be open to exploitation and lower wages and show lower levels of satisfaction compared to the creative activities they used to have before the pandemic.The workers became even more exposed to the lack of long-standing protections-such as a minimum wage,safety and health regulation,retirement income,health insurance,and worker compensation-and risks that were previously shouldered by employers and the state,including responsibility for bodily injury,damage to tools and assets,coverage between paid gigs,financial malfeasance by customers,and harassment.

关键词： creative economy creative class creative industries gig economy COVID-19 pandemic exploitation

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Study on Employee-sharing in China

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China Economist 2023年第3期18卷 24-42页

作者： Li Haijian Li Lingxiao Institute of Quantitative&Technological Economics(IQTE) Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)BeijingChina School of Economics and Finance Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina

Labor shortages caused by an aging population and falling fertility present an obstacle to China’s modernization drive.Since the limited labor resources take time to increase,employee-sharing as a collaborative and innovative mode of employment represents a novel strategy for addressing the sharp declines in the working-age population and labor supply.Based on the theories of the sharing economy,gig economy,and skills economy,this paper develops a systematic framework for employee-sharing and explains its significance for the country,employers,and individuals in light of flexible employment and employee-sharing practices.At the national level,we advocate transforming the identity of employees from“corporate assets”to“social assets”,their labor relationship from“dependence on employers”to“independent social members”,and their teams from“corporate governance”to“labor union governance”.At the corporate level,we recommend that businesses streamline fixed-term workforce and transform themselves into platform-connected social entities.At the individual level,we establish a basic framework for employee-sharing to expand employee income sources and improve the social protection system,and elaborate on its significance for the country,employers,and individuals.The employee-sharing mechanism can be adopted step by step by resolving issues such as employee labor contract termination and management of shared employees.This gradualist strategy seeks to create a mode of employee-sharing that is feasible and in line with current trends for the benefit of the country,employers,and employees,and to contribute a Chinese solution and perspective to the global question of labor recruitment.

关键词： Flexible employment sharing economy gig economy skills economy shared employees

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外发工厂妇女的劳动生活困境与应对：一个零工经济与性别融合的分析

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妇女研究 2022年第2期

作者：丁瑜梁家恩

本文借助零工经济的视角，融合性别、城乡、家庭等多重分析维度，呈现了粤西乡村留守妇女在当地外发工厂弹性就业的生产生活，分析了其劳动形式、雇佣关系、劳动过程等，凸显出妇女因性别身份限制在弹性工作制、亲缘用工和家务负担三方... 详细信息

本文借助零工经济的视角，融合性别、城乡、家庭等多重分析维度，呈现了粤西乡村留守妇女在当地外发工厂弹性就业的生产生活，分析了其劳动形式、雇佣关系、劳动过程等，凸显出妇女因性别身份限制在弹性工作制、亲缘用工和家务负担三方面面临的困境。妇女通过收入增加在就近就业、父权制家庭规范和离散家庭模式的挤压中获得了一定的生活空间；更重要的是，借助劳动形成的群体关系成为妇女应对个人困境的独特性别化策略。

关键词：留守妇女弹性就业零工经济性别主体性 left-behind women flexible employment gig economy gender agency

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“共享经济”还是“零工经济”?

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理论经济学 2019年第7期

作者：崔学东曹樱凡

“共享经济”是对数字资本主义或平台资本主义的叙述修辞。本文认为，西方“共享经济”的功能主要体现在三个方面：利用数字技术修复后工业和金融资本主义新“滞胀”(停滞与资产价格膨胀)崩溃后所面临的积累危机，转向从受众无酬劳动、... 详细信息

“共享经济”是对数字资本主义或平台资本主义的叙述修辞。本文认为，西方“共享经济”的功能主要体现在三个方面：利用数字技术修复后工业和金融资本主义新“滞胀”(停滞与资产价格膨胀)崩溃后所面临的积累危机，转向从受众无酬劳动、家庭生活资料的再商品化中提取剩余价值；利用数字化的零工劳动重塑雇佣劳动关系，解决在开放分散劳动场所下的劳动组织与监督问题，创造更为弹性和不稳定的劳动后备军；以数字创新扰动者的角色，挤压和取代有管制行业和企业，削弱政府管制，强化新自由主义。因此，“共享经济”不是资本主义的替代或终结。发展中国特色社会主义共享经济有重要意义。

关键词：后工业和金融资本主义共享经济零工经济资本积累劳动关系 post-industrial and financial capitalism sharing economy gig economy capital accumulation wage-labor relations

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