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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第5期12卷 397-398页

作者： An Qi CHEN Christine L.WILLIS Department of Chemistry Xiamen UniversityXiamen3610052School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK BS81TS

Stereoselective functionalization at C-2 and C-3 of the gibberellin skeleton was achieved via an intramolecular free radical cyclization approach using a tethered C-19 halomethyl ester as the radical precursor.

关键词： gibberellin lactonization free radical cyclization.

gibberellins,brassinolide,and ethylene signaling were involved in flower differentiation and development in Nelumbo nucifera

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第2期8卷 243-250页

作者： Jiangyuan Sheng Xin Li Di Zhang Department of Landscape Science and Engineering School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Administrative Station of Suzhou Wetland Protection SuzhouJiangsu 215008China

Hormones play important roles in vegetative and reproductive processes;however,the regulatory roles of hormones in Nelumbo nucifera(Lotus)growth and development are unclear.In this study,nine types of endogenous hormones,including gibberellins(GA_1,GA_3,and GA_4),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),brassinolide(BR),ethylene(ETH),jasmonic acid(JA),abscisic acid(ABA),and zeatin(ZT)were detected in dormant shoot tips,vegetative shoot tips,developing leaf buds,and developing flower buds of lotus.The results indicated that GA,ETH,and BR signaling can promote vegetative and reproductive development of lotus.GA signaling regulates plant height and stimulates flower bud differentiation.GA levels were the highest in the flower buds;exogenous GA3+4 increased plant height by approximately 90%,increased flower quantity by nearly 40%,and advanced flowering by 4 d.Suppressing GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol decreased plant height and flower quantity by 38%and 87.1%,respectively,and delayed flowering by 15.6 d.ETH signaling has positive regulatory effects on vegetative growth and flower development.The ETH concentration in the developing leaf buds was at least 50%higher than that in other samples.Ethephon spraying led to remarkable increases in plant height and leaf thickness and extended the flowering duration.BR signaling acts as a growth promoter during vegetative and reproductive development in lotus.The highest BR levels were detected in the vegetative shoot tips.External application of28-epihomobrassinolide resulted in growth-promoting phenotypes including longer scapes,thicker leaves,and prolonged flowering.

关键词： Nelumbo nucifera gibberellin Brassinolide Ethylene Flowering

Expression characteristics of GFP driven by NAC1 promoter and its responses to auxin and gibberellin

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第7期16卷 701-705页

作者： WANG Youhua, DUAN Liusheng, LU Mengzhu, LI Zhaohu, WANG Minjie and ZHAI Zhixi ( State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China The Forestry Institute, China Forestry Academy, Beijing 100091, China) China Agr Univ Coll Agron & Biotechnol State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem Beijing 100094 Peoples R China China Forestry Acad Forestry Inst Beijing 100091 Peoples R China

A 1050 bp fragment upstream transcription start site of a transcription factor gene NACl in Arabidopsis thaliana was amplified and cloned into plasmid pRD420 to construct a green fluorescent protein(GFP) fusion system under the control of NACl promoter. Plasmids were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium -mediated method to regenerate plants with NAC1-GFP gene, and expression pattern of NAC1-GFP and its responses to auxin and gibberellin (GA) were observed. GFP was found to accumulate specifically in root, and was detected after treatment of auxin, N-1-Naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, an auxin antagonist) or GA3. It was indicated that the expression of GFP driven by NACl promoter was induced not only by auxin but also by GAs, suggesting that NACl mediated both the auxin signaling and the GAs signaling involved in lateral roots development.

关键词： auxin gibberellin NAC1 GFP.

Effect and Functional Mechanism of the Action of Exogenous gibberellin on Flowering of Peach

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第11期7卷 1324-1332页

作者： AN Li-jun JIN Liang YANG Chun-qin LI Tian-hong Department of Fruit Science College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China

This study was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellin and its possible mechanism of action on peach flower formation. At flower induction, 100 mg L^-1 of gibberellic acid 3 （GA3） was sprayed on the leaves of peach [Prunus persica （L.） Batsch.] cv. Bayuecui. Using anatomy, immunohistochemistry, and semi-quantitation, the in situ distribution of GAs and the expression of the key genes involved in peach flower formation in the apical meristem were studied during flowering differentiation. The results showed that induction of flowering in the Bayuecui peach occurred prior to 10 July in Beijing, China. Flower induction and further differentiation of the peach flower organs were significantly inhibited by leaf-spraying of GA3 at a concentration of 100 mg L^-1 during the induction stage. The flowering rate was only 11.67% after treatment. The distribution of GA1 in the apical meristem varied during the process of flower bud differentiation. From 13 June to 25 July, the GA1 signal from control plants was detected mainly in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. No GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem. After treatment with GA3, the distribution was similar to that of the control from 13 June to 3 July. On 13 July, a GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem accompanied by an increase in the GA1 signal in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. The GA1 signal weakened significantly in both the vascular bundles and the apical meristem on 25 July. The expression of the genes PpLEAFY and MADS6 in flower buds could be detected only on 10 October in the GA3-treated plants. The critical period for flower induction of Bayuecui peach in Beijing was in early July, during which time, leaf-spraying with 100 mg L-1 GA3 could effectively inhibit flower induction and further differentiation of the flower buds. GA1 in the gibberellin family was the suppressor for flower induction in peach. Its action was affected by the stage of flower bud differentiation. Expression of the key genes PpLEA

关键词： peach [Prunus persica （L.） Batsch.] gibberellin flowering induction anatomy immunohistochemistry semiquantitation RT-PCR

Right time, right place: The dynamic role of hormones in rhizobial infection and nodulation of legumes

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Plant Communications 2022年第5期3卷 5-18页

作者： Karen Velandia James B.Reid Eloise Foo Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTAS 7001Australia

Many legume plants form beneficial associations with rhizobial bacteria that are hosted in new plant rootorgans, nodules, in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed. This association requires the precise coordinationof two separate programs, infection in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. There isextensive literature indicating key roles for plant hormones during nodulation, but a detailed analysis ofthe spatial and temporal roles of plant hormones during the different stages of nodulation is required.This review analyses the current literature on hormone regulation of infection and organogenesis to revealthe differential roles and interactions of auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and gibberellins during epidermal infection and cortical nodule initiation, development, and function. With the exception ofauxin, all of these hormones suppress infection events. By contrast, there is evidence that all of these hormones promote nodule organogenesis, except ethylene, which suppresses nodule initiation. This differential role for many of the hormones between the epidermal and cortical programs is striking. Future work isrequired to fully examine hormone interactions and create a robust model that integrates this knowledgeinto our understanding of nodulation pathways.

关键词： auxin brassinosteroids cytokinin ethylene gibberellin nodulation

The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress gibberellin signaling and plant growth

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Plant Communications 2021年第6期2卷 82-95页

作者： Baiqiang Yan Zongju Yang Guanhua He Yexing Jing Huixue Dong Lan Ju Yunwei Zhang Yingfang Zhu Yun Zhou Jiaqiang Sun National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Improvements in plant architecture,such as reduced plant height under high-density planting,are important for agricultural production.Light and gibberellin(GA)are essential external and internal cues that affect plant architecture.In this study,we characterize the direct interaction of distinct receptors that link light and GA signaling in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).We show that the light receptor CRY1 represses GA signaling through interaction with all five DELLA proteins and promotion of RGA protein accumulation in Arabidopsis.Genetic analysis shows that CRY1-mediated growth repression is achieved by means of the DELLA proteins.Interestingly,we find that CRY1 also directly interacts with the GA receptor GID1 to competitively inhibit the GID1-GAI interaction.We also show that overexpression of TaCRY1a reduces plant height and coleoptile growth in wheat and that TaCRY1a interacts with both TaGID1 and Rht1 to competitively attenuate the TaGID1-Rht1 interaction.Based on these findings,we propose that the photoreceptor CRY1 competitively inhibits the GID1-DELLA interaction,thereby stabilizing DELLA proteins and enhancing their repression of plant growth.

关键词： wheat plant height gibberellin cryptochrome 1 GID1 DELLA

Manual thinning increases fruit size and sugar content of Citrus reticulata Blanco and affects hormone synthesis and sugar transporter activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 725-735页

作者： LIU Cong LI De-xiong HUANG Xian-biao ZHANG Fu-qiong XIE Zong-zhou ZHANG Hong-yan LIU Ji-hong Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(Ministry of Education) College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Dangyang Specialty Products Center Dangyang 444100P.R.China

Manual fruit thinning(MFT)in fruit trees has been previously shown to increase fruit size and enhance fruit quality,but the effect of MFT on Ponkan(Citrus reticulata Blanco)and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,efforts were made to elucidate how MFT influences the fruit quality of Ponkan.The results showed that MFT substantially increased fruit size and elevated fruit total soluble solids in comparison with the fruit from the unthinned trees(used as control).Expression analyses demonstrated that m RNA abundance of three important sugar transporter genes,including CrSUT1,CrSTP1 and CrTMT1,was evidently elevated in the flesh of thinned fruit when compared with those of the control.In addition,MFT prominently up-regulated the transcript levels of various auxin and gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis and signaling genes,including CrYUC6,CrAUX/IAA,CrGA20ox1 and CrGA3ox1.Concurrently,the contents of endogenous IAA and GA3,measured at 90 d after fruit thinning,were notably elevated in the fruit from trees with the thinning treatment relative to the control,although no difference was detected in the two groups before the thinning manipulation.Taken together,these results indicate that manual fruit thinning could greatly improve fruit quality,which may be attributed to promoting fruit expansion due to the increased auxin levels and expediting sugar accumulation through the up-regulation of sugar transporter genes.

关键词： Citrus reticulata Blanco auxin fruit expansion fruit quality gene expression gibberellin sugar content

A 2-bp frameshift deletion at GhDR,which encodes a B-BOX protein that co-segregates with the dwarf-red phenotype in Gossypium hirsutum L.

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第7期22卷 2000-2014页

作者： WANG Xue-feng SHAO Dong-nan LIANG Qian FENG Xiao-kang ZHU Qian-hao YANG Yong-lin LIU Feng ZHANG Xin-yu LI Yan-jun SUN Jie XUE Fei Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture College of AgricultureShihezi UniversityShihezi 832000P.R.China CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACT 2601Australia Cotton Research Institute Shihezi Academy of Agriculture SciencesShihezi 832000P.R.China

Plant architecture and leaf color are important factors influencing cotton fiber yield.In this study,based on genetic analysis,stem paraffin sectioning,and phytohormone treatments,we showed that the dwarf-red(DR)cotton mutant is a gibberellin-sensitive mutant caused by a mutation in a single dominant locus,designated GhDR.Using bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)approaches,we located the causative mutation to a~197-kb genetic interval on chromosome A09 containing 25 annotated genes.Based on gene annotation and expression changes between the mutant and normal plants,GH_A09G2280 was considered to be the best candidate gene responsible for the dwarf and red mutant phenotypes.A 2-nucleotide deletion was found in the coding region of GhDR/GH_A09G2280 in the DR mutant,which caused a frameshift and truncation of GhDR.GhDR is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtBBX24,and encodes a B-box zinc finger protein.The frameshift deletion eliminated the C-terminal nuclear localization domain and the VP domain of GhDR,and altered its subcellular localization.A comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated downregulation of the key genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and the signaling transduction network,as well as upregulation of the genes related to gibberellin degradation and the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in the DR mutant.The results of this study revealed the potential molecular basis by which plant architecture and anthocyanin accumulation are regulated in cotton.

关键词： cotton BBX dwarf anthocyanin gibberellin

Lack of Tocopherol Inhibits Rice Growth by Triggering an Ectopic Stress Response and the Accumulation of DELLA Protein

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1173-1183页

作者： Di Wang Hao Gao Jian Wang Baoshan Cheng Gang Li Weijun Xu Xi Liu Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu Huai’an223001China School of Life Sciences Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuai’an223300China Key Laboratory of Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake Regional Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Agriculture and Environmental ProtectionHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuai’an223300China

Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.

关键词： Tocopherol deficiency ectopic stress response gibberellin rice

Prolonged Seed Dormancy in <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>L. Can Be Overturned by Seed Scarification and gibberellin Pre Treatment

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第1期4卷 38-41页

作者： S. M. U. P. Mawalagedera G. A. D. Perera S. D. S. S. Sooriyapathirana Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka

Phyllanthus emblica L. is an important constituent of Ayurvedic medicine and a fresh fruit species in the market in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it has a high potential to be established as a commercial fruit crop. The seeds of P. emblica are semi orthodox and exhibit a long dormancy period hindering the natural sexual propagation. Therefore, it still remains as an underutilized fruit crop in Sri Lanka due to its lack of quality planting material and poor propagation techniques. Long term dormancy also causes a big challenge in germinating seeds to create populations in breeding programs. In order to promote P. emblica from its underutilized status, what seems most feasible is to develop a method to break up the seed dormancy artificially. In order to do so, the methods of breaking the dormancy of P. emblica seeds have to be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify a method to break up the seed dormancy of P. emblica. The seeds were extracted from 21 trees belonging to three different districts in Sri Lanka. The selected viable seeds were subjected to four different pre treatments: none treated seeds (i.e. control), seeds scarified, seeds scarified and treated with 1% gibberellin and seed coat removed and followed by seeds treated with 1% gibberellin. From the four treatments, seed dormancy was overturned with a germination percentage of 43% by the seed pre treatment where the seeds were scarified and treated with 1% gibberellin and no other pre treatment methods were successful in breaking the dormancy. This suggests that the natural germination potential of P. emblica seeds is very low and it can be overridden by seed scarification and gibberellin pre treatment.

关键词： gibberellin Pre Treatment Phyllanthus emblica Seed Dormancy Seed Scarification