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Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1394-1403页

作者： Tae-Kyeong Lee Hyunjung Kim Minah Song Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Ji Hyeon Ahn Go Eun Yang Hyeyoung Kim Taek Geun Ohk Myoung Cheol Shin Jun Hwi Cho Moo-Ho Won Depart merit of Neurobiology School of Medici ne Kangw on National University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Hallym University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea Department of Radiology Kangwon National University Hospital Chuncheon Gangxvon Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Chungju Hospital Konkuk University School of Medicine Chungju Chungcheongbuk Republic of Korea Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea

Transient ischemia in the whole brain leads to neuronal loss/death in vulnerable brain regions. The striatum, neocortex and hippocampus selectively loose specific neurons after transient ischemia. Just 5 minutes of transient ischemia can cause pyramidal neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 field at 4 days after transient ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-minute (mild), 15-minute (severe), and 20-minute (lethal) transient ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) on behavioral change and neuronal death and gliosis (astrocytosis and microgliosis) in gerbil hippocampal subregions (CA1-3 region and dentate gyrus). We performed spontaneous motor activity test to evaluate gerbil locomotor activity, cresyl violet staining to detect cellular distribution, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry to detect neuronal distribution, and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence to evaluate neuronal death. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Ibal) to evaluate astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. Animals subjected to 20-minute BCCAO died in at least 2 days. BCCAO for 15 minutes led to pyramidal cell death in hippocampal CA1-3 region 2 days later and granule cell death in hippocampal de匚tate gyrus 5 days later. Similar results were not found in animals subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Gliosis was much more rapidly and severely progressed in animals subjected to 15-minute BCCAO than in those subjected to 5- minute BCCAO. Our results indicate that neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation following transient ischemia is significantly different according to regions and severity of transient ischemia. The experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AICUC) of Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-180124-1) on May 22, 2018.

关键词： transient global brain ischemia delayed neuronal death glial activation ischemic duration hippocampus spontaneous motor activity Mongolian gerbil histology neural regeneration

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Geographical distribution and ecological features of the great gerbil subspecies in the main zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci in Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 800-803页

作者： Mohammad Reza Abai Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Leila Tajedin Yavar Rassi Amir Ahmad Akhavan Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To reveal subspecies composition of Rhombomy opimus(R.opimus) in Iran. Methods:In this study,field specimens of the gerbil were collected from all its geographical rang in northeast and central parts of Iran and identified on basis of morphological characteristics.Results:Results revealed presence of two subspecies of R.opimus sodalis and R. opimus sargadensis in the country.The first subspecies with brown to hazel-nut color and a size bigger than a typical R.opimus was found only in Golestan province,an isolated colony which is located in plains of north slopes of Alborz Chain Mountains of the country,connected with the Turkmenistan.The subspecies of R.opimus sargadensis with a yellowish color and similar size as a typical R.opimus was found in all other areas of the great gerbil distribution in Iran.There was a distinct topographic difference but similar ectoparasites between colonies of the two subspecies in the study area.Conclusions:Further ecological and genetic investigations are required for more detailed description of the R.opimus subspecies range and structure.The R.opimusPhlebotomus papatasi-Leishmania major association and the ZCL severity and outcome in hosts are discussed.

关键词： Rhombomys opimus Great gerbil Ecology Reservoir Leishmaniasis Iran

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ECO-ETHOLOGY OF POPULATION REGULATION AMONG gerbilS IN THE SAHARAN ENVIRONMENT Study of the dynamics of populations,of their demographic impetus their food strategies and their reproduction strategies among four species of gerbil in Morocco.(Meriones sha

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 398-399页

作者： Zaime-A Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry RabatMorocco

The following study of populations of gerbil in arid and Saharan terrain enables us toexamine the relationships between the essential determinants in the cycles of abundance. Social unity, methods of spatial distribution, dispersal, strategies for food and repro-duction, and also disappearance, are linked to climatic factors and defined according to therecognised hierarchy of stages of perceptions in Ecology individual, group, population,

关键词： gerbil Arid and Saharan Environments Population Dynamics Utilisation of Resources

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Prenatal and pubertal testosterone exposure imprint permanent modifications in the prostate that predispose to the development of lesions in old Mongolian gerbils

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 160-167页

作者： Manoel F Biancardi Ana PS Perez Cassia RS Caires Luiz R Falleiros Jr Rejane M Goes Patricia SL Vilamaior Diogenes R Freitas Jr Fernanda CA Santos Sebastiao R Taboga Department of Structural and Functional State University of Campinas Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas Sao Paulo 13084864 Brazil 2Department of Histology Embryology and Cell BiologyFederal University of Goias Samambaia II Goiania Goias 74001970 Brazil University Estadual Paulista - UNESP Department of Biology Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sao Paulo 15054000 Brazil Medical School Federal University of Goias Colemar Natal e Silva Goiania Goias 74001970 Brazil

The prostate is an accessory sex gland that develops under precise androgenic control. It is known that hormonal imbalance may disrupt its development predisposing this gland to develop diseases during aging. Although the hypothesis regarding earlier origins of prostate diseases was proposed many years ago, the mechanisms underlying this complex phenomenon are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prostates of old male gerbils exposed to testosterone during intrauterine and postnatal life using morphological, biometrical, stereological, Kariometric, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses. Our findings demonstrate that prenatal and pubertal exposure to testosterone increases the susceptibility to the development of prostate diseases during aging. The presence of a more proliferative gland associated with foci of adenomatous hyperplasia in animals exposed to testosterone during the prenatal and pubertal phase show that the utero life and the pubertal period are important phases for prostatic morphophysiology establishment, which is a determinant for the health of the gland during aging. Therefore, these findings reinforce the idea that prostate disease may result from hormonal disruptions in early events during prostate development, which imprint permanently on the gland predisposing it to develop lesions in later stages of life.

关键词： adenomatous hyperplasia endocrine-disrupting chemicals gerbil prostate development testosterone

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Phylogenetic status of Pneumocystis from corticosteroid-treated gerbils

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 1239-1246页

作者： RODNEY D Adam Department of Medicine and Immunobiology University of Arizona College of Medicine

Pneumocystis spp. infect the lungs of multiple mammalian species and cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals. The Pneumocystis isolates that have been studied to date fall into two major clades, those from primates and those from rodents. Within each of these clades, different species have been described on the basis of host specificity and differences in sequence and morphology. Here, we demonstrate that dexamethasone immunosuppression consistently results in histologically apparent lung infection in gerbils (28/35 animals). Sequence analysis of the 18S, 5.8S and internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA and a portion of the mitochondrial large subunit rDNA demonstrated that this gerbil Pneumocystis is grouped with other rodent Pneumocystis spp., but is distinct from them. Our results suggest that gerbil Pneumocystis differs sufficiently from Pneumocystis species found in other rodents to be considered a separate species.

关键词： 5.8S rRNA gene gerbil internal transcribed spacers (ITS) mitochondrial large subunit (mtLS) rRNA gene 18S rRNA gene Pneumocystis

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Evaluation of an ischemic model in ischemia prone and general Mongolian gerbils by neurological symptom, injury,and sex difference

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第1期1卷 62-67页

作者： Xiao-yan Du Chang-long Li Meng Guo Ying Wang Hong-gang Guo Fang-wei Dai Xiao-ying Sa Zhen-wen Chen School of Basic Medical Science Capital Medical University Department of Laboratory Animal Capital Medical University Zhejiang Center of Laboratory Animals Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science

Background: In the previous study, we established an ischemia-prone gerbil population(IG), which was selectively bred to increase the incidence of unilateral carotid arterial occlusion(UCO)-induced ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. However, if the characteristics of ischemia model in IG are the same as those in general gerbils(GG), and if the neurological symptoms are associated with the neurological insults in IG is still unclear.Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the UCO model in IG by analyzing neurological symptoms, neurological injury in the hippocampal CA1 region and compared with GG.Results: The data showed that the ratios of neurological symptom scores ≥ 2 in the IG and GG groups were 65.0% vs 30.0%, respectively, and were significantly different(P gerbils in both IG and GG.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IG population would likely be more advantageous to establish an ischemic model.

关键词： anterior communicating artery Circle of Willis gerbil ischemia-prone neurological injury,posterior communicating artery sex difference

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Electrically evoked auditory nerve responses in the cochlea with normal outer hair cells

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Journal of Otology 2009年第2期4卷 71-75页

作者： Josef M Miller Alfred L Nuttall Kresge Hearing Research Institute The University of Michigan1150 West Medical Center DriveMS IIAnn ArborMichigan 48109-0506 Oregon Hearing Research Center(NRC04) Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck SurgeryOregon Health Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RoadPortlandOregon97239-3098

As hybrid cochlear implant devices are increasingly used for restoring hearing in patients with residual hearing, it is important to understand electrically evoked responses in cochleae having functional hair cells. To test the hypothesis that extracochlear electrical stimulation (EES) from sinusoidal current can provoke an auditory nerve response with normal frequency selectivity, the EES-evoked compound action potential(ECAP) was investigated in this study. Brief sinusoidal electrical currents, delivered via a round window electrode, were used to evoke ECAP. The ECAP waveform was observed to be the same as the acoustically evoked CAP(ACAP), except for a shorter latency. The input/output and intensity/latency functions of ACAPs and ECAPs were also similar. The maximum acoustic masking for both ACAP and ECAP occurred near probe frequencies. Since the masked tuning curve of a CAP reflects the frequency selectivity of neural excitation, these data demonstrate a highly specific activation of the auditory nerve, which would result in high degree of frequency selectivity. This frequency selectivity likely results from the cochlear traveling wave caused by electrically stimulated outer hair cells.

关键词： gerbil Cochlea Electrical stimulation hearing cochlear implant cochlear compound action potential

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A nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis model in gerbil:the dynamic relationship between hepatic lipid metabolism and cirrhosis

A nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis model in gerbil...

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第十五届中国实验动物科学年会

作者： Wei Li Zheng Guan Jean C Brisset Qiaojuan Shi Qi Lou Yue Ma Su Suriguga Huazhong Ying Xiaoying Sa Zhenwen Chen Wim J Quax Xiaofeng Chu Laboratory Animal Center Zhejiang University Laboratory Animal Center Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences Departments of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology GUIDEUniversity of Groningen Department of Radiology New York University Departments of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy GUIDEUniversity of Groningen Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Basic Medical ScienceCapital Medical University

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) usually takes decades to develop into cirrhosis,which limits the longitudinal study of NAFLD.This work aims at developing a NAFLD-caused cirrhosis model in gerbil and examining the dynamic relationship between hepatic lipid metabolism and cirrhosis.We fed gerbil a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet(HFHCD) for 24 weeks,and recorded the gerbil’s phenotype at 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 weeks.The model’s pathological process,lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,liver collagen deposition and presence of relevant cytokines were tested and evaluated during the full-time frame of disease onset.The gerbil model can induce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) within 9 weeks,and can develop cirrhosis after 21 weeks induction.The model’s lipids metabolism disorder is accompanied with the liver damage development.During the NAFLD progression,triglycerides(TG) and free fatty acids(FFA) have presented distinct rise and fall tendency,and the turning points are at the fibrosis stage.Besides that,the ratios of total cholesterol(CHO) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) exhibited constant growth tendency,and have a good linear relationship with HSC(R2 = 0.802,P gerbil NAFLD cirrhosis model has been developed and possesses positive correlation between lipids metabolism and cirrhosis.The compelling rise and fall tendency of TG and FFA indicated that the fibrosis progression can lead to impairment in lipoprotein synthesis and engender decreased TG level.CHO/HDL-C ratios can imply the fibrosis progress and be used as a blood indicator for disease prediction and prevention.

关键词： Cirrhosis fibrosis hepatic lipid metabolism nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） gerbil

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Prestin forms tetramer with each subunit being mechanically independent

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Journal of Otology 2009年第2期4卷 86-97页

作者： WANG Xiang 1, GUO Wei-wei 2, HE David Zhi-Zhou1, YANG Shi-Ming 2 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA 2 Institute of Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853 Department of Biomedical Sciences Creighton University School of Medicine Omaha NE 68178 USA Institute of Otolaryngology Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853

Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells （OHCs）. It is able to perform rapid and reciprocal electromechanical conversion that underlies OHC electromotility. Due to the inadequate size of a single prestin molecule to form the2 nm intramembraneous protein particles （IMPs） in the OHC lateral membrane （LM）, the possibility of prestin oligomerization has been proposed. It has been suggested that prestin molecules form highorder oligomers, most likely as the tetramer, in heterologous systems. In OHCs, however, the oligomeric structure of prestin remains unclear. Here we calculated the prestin-related charge density in both gerbil and guinea pig OHCs through measuring their nonlinear capacitance （NLC） and LM surface area, showing that the average charge density （22, 608 μm-2 in gerbils; 19, 460 μm-2 in guinea pigs） is statistically 4 times the average density of IMPs （5,686 μm-2 in gerbils; 5, 000 μm-2 in guinea pigs）. This suggests that each IMP contains four prestin molecules based upon the notion that each prestin transfers a single elementary charge, implying that prestin forms tetramers in OHCs. To determine whether the prestin tetramer functions as a mechanical unit, we subsequently compared the slope factors （α） of electromotility and NLC simultaneously measured from the same OHC, showing that the α values of the two are statistically the same. This suggests that each prestin molecule in the tetramer is mechanically independent and equally contributes to OHC electromotility.

关键词： Prestin oligomer outer hair cells electromotility nonlinear capacitance gerbil

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Effect of L-Deprenyl on the Putrescine Level and Neuronal Damage after Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in gerbils

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 171-184页

作者： Hyung Lee Yeun-Kyung Chu Joon-Ho Shon Kyung-Hee Chun Jee-In Kim Seong-Ryong Lee Department of Neurology School of Medicine and Brain Research Institute Keimyung University Daegu Korea School of Kinesiology Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Korea Department of Medical Education School of Medicine Yeungnam University Daegu Korea Department of Molecular Medicine Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center School of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Korea Department of Pharmacology Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center School of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Korea

L-Deprenyl is selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, known to have neuroprotective properties. Putrescine, one of polyamine, is thought to be important in the neuronal cell damage associated with various type of excitatory neurotoxicity. We examined the effects of L-deprenyl on the changes in putrescine level and neuronal damage after transient global ischemia in ger-bils. Male Mongolian gerbils weighing 65 - 75 g were used in the experiment. Global ischemia was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 3 min to observe neuronal injury in hippocampal pyramidal cells. L-Deprenyl group was given 10 mg/kg of L-deprenyl intraperitoneally immediately after, 3 h and 6 h after global ischemia. Treated animals were processed in parallel with ischemic animals receiving saline as a vehicle and with sham- operated controls. Hippocampal putrescine level was increased by global ischemia and inhibited by L-deprenyl treatment. In histological findings, counts of viable neurons were made in the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after ischemic insult. The number of viable neurons in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 area was significantly increased in animals treated with L-deprenyl compared to vehicle-treated ischemic animals (p < 0.05). In terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay, semiquantitative analysis of dark-brown neuronal cells was made in the hippocampal CA1 area. There was also a significant difference in the degree of TUNEL staining in the hippocampal CA1 area between vehi-cle-treated and L-deprenyl-treated animals (p < 0.05). These data show L-deprenyl is effective as a prophylactic treatment for neuronal injury when it is administrated before ischemia but a further study need to know the effects of administration of L-deprenyl after ischemia and at given times after reper-fusion.

关键词： L-Deprenyl Polyamine Global Ischemia Hippocampus gerbil Neuroprotection

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