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Spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic sites in coastal China:Sea level changes, geomorphic evolution and human adaption

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第2期61卷 123-133页

作者： ZHENG HongBo ZHOU YouSheng YANG Qing HU ZhuJun LING GuangJiu ZHANG JuZhong GU ChunGuang WANG YingYing CAO YeTing HUANG XianRong CHENG Yue ZHANG XiaoYu WU WenXiang Research Center for Earth System Science Yunnan University School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The East China coastal plain is one of the most important Neolithic culture areas in China, where rich archaeological sites including those producing the earliest domesticated rice are observed. It is also a place where landscape has experienced dramatic evolution during the Holocene when both sea level and climate changed, such that it is an ideal place for studying human-environment interaction. This study investigated over 2000 sites of pre-history and Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with 655 of which being Neolithic ages, by using DEM and GIS methods. The results suggest that the spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic sites has largely been controlled by landscape evolution(particularly changes in coastal line), which ultimately governed by sea level changes. During early Holocene, Neolithic sites sparsely distributed in the intermountain basins of east Zhejiang Province, far from the influence of ocean. Over the period of 9–7 ka, the coastal plain(including the shelf) was largely submerged,only the feet of low hills to the south and southwest of the study area, and islands protruding the estuary, cradled limited number of settlements with characteristic "maritime components". At about 7 ka, sea level rise decelerated prominently, while sediments supply in the drainage remained high value, the combination of which led to land formation and propagation. Vast space during this period facilitated the growth of settlements in both size and number. In the mean time, however, the coastal plain was vulnerable to extreme environmental events such as storms and flooding owning to its geomorphic nature, which exerted great influence on the rise and fall of Neolithic culture.

关键词： East China coastal plain Neolithic Spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic sites Sea level change geomorphic evolution

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Cenozoic tectonic and geomorphic evolution of the Longxi region in northeastern Tibetan Plateau interpreted from detrital zircon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第2期60卷 256-267页

作者： WANG ZhiXiang LIANG MeiYan SUN YuQi DAI GaoWen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Laboratory of Critical Zone evolution School of Earth Sciences China University ofGeosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Regional Planning and Geoinformatical Technology School of Public Administration China University of Geoscienees Wuhan 430074 China Laboratory of Geographical Environment and National Park School of Public Administration China University of Geoscience Wuhan 430074. China

The Longxi region contains different kinds of Cenozoic sediments, including eolian deposits, reworked loess, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The provenance evolution of these sediments is of great significance in exploring the uplift, tectonic deformation and associated with geomorphic evolution of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we used the single-grain zircon provenance analysis to constrain the provenances for the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates and for the Neogene fluvial-lacustrine sediments, and compared them with results from the loess deposits since the Miocene. The results show that：（1） the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates contain a large number of detrital zircons ranging from 560 to 1100 Ma that were derived from the Yangzi Block. However, the sediments of early Miocene have much fewer zircons of this age span, which are characterized by an abundance of zircon ages in the ranges of 200 360 Ma. This indicates that the Paleogcne alluvial conglomerates mainly come from the middle and/or southern West Qinling, and the early Miocene sediments are primarily from the northern West Qinling; （2） Late Neogene fluvial sediments （11.5 Ma onward） in Tianshui-Qinan region are dominated by zircon ages of 380-450 Ma. This zircon population is similar to that of the exposed intrusive rocks of southern part of the Liupan Mountains, implying that the southern part of Liupan Mountains probably had already uplifted by 11.5 Ma; （3） Late Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region have a zircon age spectra that is remarkably different from coeval fluvial deposits, but is similar to the zircon age distributions of the Miocene loess in Qinan region, late Miocene-Pliocene Hipparion red clay and Quaternary loess. This indicates that fine particles within these Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region may be dominated by aeolian materials. This study reveals that provenance changes of Cenozoic sediments in Tianshui-Qinan region and its geomorphic evolu

关键词： Detrital zircon Provenance Tectonic uplift geomorphic evolution Tianshui-Qinan region

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Formation Mechanisms and geomorphic evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans, Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第2期90卷 578-589页

作者： ZHAO Wuji YIN Zhiqiang XU Qiang QIN Xiaoguang School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River（YR） of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages： early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.

关键词： the upper reaches of Yellow River Guide Basin mud-flow fan forming mechanism geomorphic evolution

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Morphodynamics and sediment connectivity index in an unmanaged,debris-flow prone catchment:a through time perspective

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第4期20卷 891-910页

作者： Loris TORRESANI Guillaume PITON Vincenzo D’AGOSTINO Department of Land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversity of PadovaAgripolisViale dell'Università1635020 Legnaro(PD)Italy UniversitéGrenoble Alpes INRAECNRSIRDGrenoble INPIGE38000 GrenobleFrance

Torrential processes are among the main actors responsible for sediment production and mobility in mountain *** this reason,the understanding of preferential pathways for sediment routing has become a priority in hazard assessment and *** this context,the sediment Connectivity Index(IC)enables to analyse the existing linkage between sediment sources and the selected target(channel network or catchment outlet).The IC is a grid-based index that allows fast computation of sediment connectivity based on landscape information derived from a single Digital Terrain Model(DTM).The index computation is based on the log-ratio between an upslope and a downslope component,including information about drainage area,slope,terrain roughness,and distance to the analysis target(***).The output is a map that highlights the degree of structural connectivity of sediment pathways over analysed *** now,these maps are however rarely used to help defining debris-flow hazard maps,notably due to a lack of guidelines to interpret the IC spatial *** paper proposes an exploitation procedure along profiles to extract more information from the analysis of mapped IC *** methodology relies on the analysis of the IC and its component variables along the main channel profile,integrated with information about sediment budgeting derived from Difference of DEMs(DoD).The study of connectivity was applied in the unmanaged sub-catchment(without torrent control works)of the Rio Soial(Autonomous Province of Trento–NE Italy)to understanding the geomorphic evolution of the area after five debris flows(in ten years)and the related changes of sediment *** a recent DTM as validation,we demonstrated how an IC analysis over the older DTM can help predicting geomorphic changes and associated *** results show an IC aptitude to capture geomorphic trajectories,anticipate debris flow deposits in a specific channel location,and depict pre

关键词： Sediment Connectivity Index Debris flow Hazard assessment Digital Elevation Model geomorphic evolution DEMs of Difference

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Hypsometric Analysis of Wadi Mujib-Wala Watershed (Southern Jordan) Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第2期7卷 158-176页

作者： Yahya Farhan Adel Elgaziri Ibtisam Elmaji Intisar Ali Department of Geography University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Hypsometric analysis is considered an effective tool for understanding the stages of geomorphic evolution and geological development of river catchment, and for the delineation of erosional proneness of watershed. In the present study, twenty eight fourth order sub-basins of W. Mujib-Wala (Southern Jordan) were selected, and hypsometric analysis was carried out using 30 m ASTER DEM. Elevation-relief ratio method was employed to calculate the hypsometric integral values within GIS environment. The hypsometric integral values range from 0.71 to 0.88, whereas, the hypsometric curves exhibit remarkably upward convex shapes which indicate that all sub-basins and the W. Mujib-Wala watershed are at the youth-age stage of geomorphic development. Thus, they are of high susceptibility to erosion, incised channel erosion and mass movement activity. Marginal differences exist in mass removal from the watershed and the 28 sub-basins are attributed to variation in tectonic effect, lithology and rejuvenation processes. The relation between basin area and hypsometric integral was examined using regression analysis. Results reveal that negative and weak relationships dominate, where r2 ranges from 0.05 to 0.478 which confirm with other results reported elsewhere. Indirect assessment of erosion status based on hypsometric integral values was validated using estimated sediment yield information related to wadi Mujib and wadi Wala watersheds separately. The recorded sediment yields were in affirmation with high hypsometric integrals values, where higher values of hypsometric integrals and sediment yields occurred in the western part of the W. Mujib-Wala watershed. These findings would help in the construction of appropriate soil and water conservation measures across the watershed and its sub-basins to control soil erosion, to conserve water, and to reduce sediment discharge into the W. Mujib and W. Wala reservoirs.

关键词： Hypsometric Analysis geomorphic evolution RS GIS Hypsometric Integral Projected Profiles

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The coast evolution and regulation in Wanquan River Estuary, Hainan Island

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2004年第3期14卷 375-381页

作者：高建华陈国强欧维新 Zhu Dakui Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China MOE Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island Development Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

In this paper, sediment samples were collected along the Wanquan beaches and sieved in the laboratory in order to obtain the grain size distributions and associated parameters, i.e. mean grain size, sorting coefficient and skewness. Furthermore, we have calculated the longshore drift sediment transport rates and equilibrium cross-sectional areas of the entrance channel by using the method of sedimentary dynamics. The results indicate that the longshore drift sediment transport is dominated by waves with a direction from south to north, which result in rapid changes of the entrance channel. Therefore, some suggestions were proposed for improving the water quality and restoring the ecosystem of estuary. The engineering method includes increasing the sea-route of entrance channel, tidal prism and water exchanges in Shamei Lagoon.

关键词： tidal inlet geomorphic evolution environment engineering Wanquan RiverEstuary

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Xijitan Landslide in Guide Basin in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River and its Dammed Lakes

Xijitan Landslide in Guide Basin in the Upper Reaches of the...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Qin Xiaoguang Yin Zhiqiang Zhao Wuji Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring China University of Geosciences(Beijing)

In the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the erosion of the Yellow river reformed the landscape of the region and built steep slopes and terraces.A lot of giant landslides developed along the steep valley of the ***,the influence of landslides to river terraces has been unclear because landslides development stages cannot be identified easily in field *** the study,the Xijitan giant landslide was analyzed by combining the remote sense analysis of geological fades and the field *** five development stages of the landslide and the related dammed lake were identified by analyzing the topographic *** was concluded(1) the main Xijitan landslide was triggered by rain during the warm and wet Holocene Optimum period after 000 a BP.(2) The outburst of the dammed lake of the landslide reformed the dammed body to build a local terrace that is different from other regional river terraces.

关键词： Landslide and its dammed lake Landslide development stages Triggering mechanism geomorphic evolution

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