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Identification of landing sites for rescue helicopters in mountains with use of geographic information systems

Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 261-270页

作者： KROH Pawe? Institute of Geography Pedagogical University of Cracow

Helicopters are often used in mountain rescue both for rescuers moving in the area of accidents and for evacuating victims, but in steep or forested terrain finding a landing place can be problematic. The main aim of this research is to use Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and cartographic database analysis to select locations that can be used as landing site for the rescue helicopters. Methods were based on GIS analysis;both raster and vector data were used for identifying touchdown points for rescue helicopters. Based on DEM data, locations with a low slope gradient were identified;topographic vector data were used for identifying unforested sites. Then buffer zones for buildings and power lines were excluded, and it was checked whether the areas had any topographic features that prevented helicopter landings. The findings were verified on an orthophotomap. In result, GIS analyses have selected 1232 polygons that fulfilled initial criteria. Their verification on orthophotomap has shown that only 55% of them could be potentially used as landing site. Landing sites can be found mainly on side ridges of mountain ranges and in valley beds, when those on ridges are most important in this research. The greatest difficulties and methodological challenges are posed by: identification of sites having a shape which prevents landing, the obsolescence of data due to environment dynamics, the presence of features that are not shown on maps but prevent helicopter landings. A map of landing sites is a very useful tool to conduct rescue operations, but each use of a given landing site requires both in-field and numerical verification. The analysis demonstrated that GIS toolsare useful in pre-planning of rescue missions, and also showed that such data must be kept up-to-date and in-field verification is needed continuously, the more so as it plays an important role in ensuring the safety of rescuers and victims.

关键词： Helicopter mountain rescue geographic information systems Digital Elevation Model Topographic databases Landing sites Geoinformation

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Changes in snow cover extent in the Central Taurus Mountains from 1981 to 2021 in relation to temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric teleconnections

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 49-67页

作者： Ecmel ERLAT Fulya AYDIN-KANDEMİR Department of Geography Ege UniversityIzmir 35100Türkiye Climate Change and Zero Waste Department Antalya Metropolitan MunicipalityAntalya 07310Türkiye Hydropolitics Association Ankara 06680Türkiye

The snow cover over the Taurus Mountains affects water supply, agriculture, and hydropower generation in the region. In this study, we analyzed the monthly Snow Cover Extent(SCE) from November to April in the Central Taurus Mountains(Bolkar, Aladaglar, Tahtali and Binboga Mountains) from 1981 to 2021. Linear trends of snow cover season(November to April) over the last 41 years showed decreases in SCE primarily at lower elevations. The downward trend in SCE was found to be more pronounced and statistically significant for only November and March. SCE in the Central Taurus Mountains has declined about-6.3% per decade for 2500-3000 m in November and about-6.0% per decade for 1000-1500 m and 3000+ m in March over the last 41 years. The loss of SCE has become evident since the 2000s, and the lowest negative anomalies in SCE have been observed in 2014, 2001, and 2007 in the last 41 years, which are consistent with an increase in air temperature and decreased precipitation. SCE was correlated with both mean temperature and precipitation, with temperature having a greater relative importance at all elevated gradients. Results showed that there is a strong linear relationship between SCE and the mean air temperature(r =-0.80) and precipitation(r = 0.44) for all elevated gradients during the snow season. The Arctic Oscillation(AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), and the Mediterranean Oscillation(MO) winter indices were used to explain the year-to-year variability in SCE over the Central Taurus Mountains. The results showed that the inter-annual variability observed in the winter SCE on the Central Taurus Mountains was positively correlated with the phases of the winter AO, NAO and MO, especially below 2000 m elevation.

关键词： Snow cover extent Atmospheric teleconnection Central Taurus Mountains Air temperature and precipitation geographic information systems Türkiye

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Using geographic information systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

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Journal of geographic information System 2021年第3期13卷 302-317页

作者： Danny L. Scerpella Nicole G. Bouranis Melinda J. Webster Maria Dellapina Sokha Koeuth Lauren J. Parker Helen C. Kales Laura N. Gitlin School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA Department of Psychiatry University of California-Davis Sacramento USA

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using geographic information systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

关键词： geographic information systems Recruitment Clinical Trial GIS Dementia or Caregiving

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Introducing geographic information systems with ArcGIS: featuring GIS software from Environmental systems Research Institute

Introducing geographic information systems with ArcGIS: feat...

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2006年

作者： Kennedy Michael

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On the Range of Action of Adult Culex pipiens s.l.

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 113-121页

作者： Maria da Conceição Proença Maria Teresa Rebelo Department of Physics and MARE-ULisboa Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Animal Biology and CESAM_Ciências Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

Mosquitoes are an interesting topic due to their medical importance, as they play an active role in the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, acting as vectors for various pathologies that are deadly to humans, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, encephalitis and malaria, among many others that are less common. In terms of morbidity and mortality caused by vector-borne diseases, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals for humanity and, although they also play a role in the ecosystem as a food source for other organisms, their importance for public health cannot be overlooked. As highly efficient vectors, they put more than three billion people at risk, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in Europe, since heat waves and flooding are becoming more frequent and severe, and summers are getting longer and warmer, accelerating mosquito development, biting rates, and the incubation of the pathogens within their bodies. Female mosquitoes bite to acquire proteins for the development of their ovaries and eggs and, in the process, acquire pathogens and/or parasites from one vertebrate host and transmit them to another, usually after a short period of replication. Three of their four life stages are lived in still freshwater, so it is crucial to understand their range of action when they reach adulthood and leave the water, in order to plan and implement local prevention measures. A set of georeferenced abundance data collected in mainland Portugal over seven years was linked to cartographed water bodies in a geographic information system to estimate the distances at which Culex pipiens s.l. had a significant presence, with criteria based on the size of the catches. The result allows for an estimate of the fly range of those mosquitoes, which can be used to focus countermeasures.

关键词： Mosquito Fly Distance Vector-Borne Diseases Culex pipiens s.l. geographic information systems

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GIS Application in Urban Flood Risk Analysis: Midar as a Case Study

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第2期14卷 148-164页

作者： Adil Akallouch Ayoub Al Mashoudi Mouloud Ziani Rachid Elhani Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco

The significance of this study lies in its exploration of the advanced applications of geographic information systems (GIS) in assessing urban flood risks, with a specific focus on Midar, Morocco. This research is pivotal as it showcases that GIS technology is not just a tool for mapping, but a critical component in urban planning and emergency management strategies. By meticulously identifying and mapping flood-prone areas in Midar, the study provides invaluable insights into the potential vulnerabilities of urban landscapes to flooding. Moreover, this research demonstrates the practical utility of GIS in mitigating material losses, a significant concern in flood-prone urban areas. The proactive approach proposed in this study, centered around the use of GIS, aims to safeguard Midar’s population and infrastructure from the devastating impacts of floods. This approach serves as a model for other urban areas facing similar challenges, highlighting the indispensable role of GIS in disaster preparedness and response. Overall, the study underscores the transformative potential of GIS in enhancing urban resilience, making it a crucial tool in the fight against natural disasters like floods.

关键词： geographic information systems Risk Assessment Models Hydrological Modeling Urban Planning Decision-Making Methods Urban Centers

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Computational Quantification of Map Projection Distortion by Fractal Dimension of Coastlines

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1890-1903页

作者： Franklin Lee Jericho High School Jericho New York USA

Maps, essential tools for portraying the Earth’s surface, inherently introduce distortions to geographical features. While various quantification methods exist for assessing these distortions, they often fall short when evaluating actual geographic features. In our study, we took a novel approach by analyzing map projection distortion from a geometric perspective. We computed the fractal dimensions of different stretches of coastline before and after projection using the divide-and-conquer algorithm and image processing. Our findings revealed that map projections, even when preserving basic shapes, inevitably stretch and compress coastlines in diverse directions. This analysis method provides a more realistic and practical way to measure map-induced distortions, with significant implications for cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), and geomorphology. By bridging the gap between theoretical analysis and real-world features, this method greatly enhances accuracy and practicality when evaluating map projections.

关键词： Map Projection Distortion Coastline Fractal Dimension Cartography geographic information systems

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geographic information technology usage in developing countries – A case study in Mozambique

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Geo-Spatial information Science 2018年第4期21卷 331-345页

作者： Nelson Amade Marco Painho Tiago Oliveira Universidade Catolica de Mocambique BeiraMozambique Nova information Management School Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

geographic information technologies(GIT)have matured,have become pervasive throughout many types of organizations over recent decades and gained a wide range of attention in diverse sectors of society.The goal of this paper is to identify the main drivers and uses of GIT in organizations and to give an overview of GIT uses in developing countries with a focus on a case study developed for Mozambique by analyzing the results of a survey of 123 Mozambican organizations that are current GIT users.The results show that the main drivers behind are compatibility,complexity,competitive pressure,donor pressure,government policy,intention to adopt,innovation,relative advantage,security,and technology competence.Organizations of the public and private sectors use GIT for customer/resource/risk management,decision support,education,research,monitoring,prediction,simulation,suitability analysis,sustainability,use and access.

关键词： geographic information technologies organizations remote sensing GPS geographic information systems Mozambique

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Materials for the study of the locus operandi in the search for missing persons in Italy

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 371-377页

作者： Pier Matteo Barone Rosa Maria Di Maggio Silvia Mesturini Archaeology and Classics Program American University of RomeRomeItaly Geoscienze Forensi ItaliaVR-Forensic Geoscience RomeItaly Comitato Scientifico Ricerca Scomparsi RomeItaly Studio Legale e Criminologico Mesturini LivornoItaly

geographic profiling,or locus operandi,is a scientific approach that has been applied to forensic investigations for several years.However,it has never been applied to a phenomenon as complex as the search for missing persons.This article presents three Italian case studies in which geographic profiling was used to narrow the areas to search for missing persons.The geographical data were mapped and processed on a geographic information system platform using computational geometry analysis.However,these disappearances occurred during the Italian lockdown period,imposed to address the COVID-19 outbreak,which made the searches slower and more complex than usual.

关键词： Forensic sciences geographic profiling locus operandi geographic information systems missing persons

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Sustainable living neighbourhoods:Measuring public space quality and walking environment in Lisbon

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 289-298页

作者： Teresa Santos Filipa Ramalhete Rui Pedro Julião Nuno Pires Soares Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences(CICS.NOVA) Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities(NOVA FCSH)Universidade NOVA de LisboaAv.de Berna26 CLisboa 1069-061Portugal Studies Centre on Architecture City and Territory(CEACT)Universidade Autónoma de LisboaRua Fernando Assis Pacheco207Lisboa 1350-300Portugal

Obesity and global warming are two major challengesthat affect communities’health and quality of life.Providing good walking environments,with appropriate pedestrian infrastructure,green areas and access to commercial retail and transport hubs favour liveable,healthy,and sustainable cities.The Lisbon City Hall has implemented an intervention program in the public space as a strategy to improve environmental quality and mitigate the effects of climate change.The program“A square in each neighbourhood”intends not only to reinforce the economic base of Lisbon,namely tourism,restaurants,commerce,and creative activities but also to promote physical activity and improve the quality of living of all citizens.For studying the impact of the public space quality on the walking environment,Campolide,a typical Lisbon neighbourhood,Portugal,which includes one of the requalified squares,was selected.A two-step methodology based on spatial modelling is proposed.In the first step,the public space quality was evaluated based on a set of 13 urban quality attributes.Attributes,intended for the street level,were collected from open data platforms and complemented with a field survey.Then,through spatial analysis,these attributes were used to build the Pedestrian Environment Quality Indicator and the Priority Intervention Indicator.Using these indicators,walking-friendly streets were mapped and the most critical sites that require priority intervention were identified to prepare for the requalification planning process.The street with the highest quality in the study area according to the dimensions evaluated-connectivity,convenience,comfort,cleanliness,and conviviality-has a great offer of trees,bus stops,commercial establishments,commercial diversity,crossings,paper bins/eco points and esplanades.On the opposite side of the rank,the street with the lowest quality has no trees or green areas,transport stops,benches and tables,or commercial activity.The urban quality indicators constitute a helpful tool for city planners and policyma

关键词： Public space Walking environment Spatial modelling Urban quality indicators geographic information systems

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