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Evolutionary genomics of climatic adaptation and resilience to climate change in alfalfa

Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 867-883页

作者： Fan Zhang Ruicai Long Zhiyao Ma Hua Xiao Xiaodong Xu Zhongjie Liu Chunxue Wei Yiwen Wang Yanling Peng Xuanwen Yang Xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Mingna Li Ming Xu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Tiejun Zhang Zhen Wang Xianran Li Long-Xi Yu Junmei Kang Zhiwu Zhang Yongfeng Zhou Qingchuan Yang Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China

Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security,gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate ***(Medicago sativa ***),the queen of forages,shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments,making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate *** this study,we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa’s climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate *** found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa,particularly enriching defense and stress-response *** introgression between *** ***(***)and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa’s climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden.A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation,and 5.7%of them were introgressions from *** integrating climate-associated variants and climate data,we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change,particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern *** findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding *** also identified preadaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations,illuminating a pathway for future breeding ***,this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars,contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change.

关键词： Medicago local adaptation population genetics adaptive introgression genetic vulnerability alfalfa breeding

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Personalized medicine and opioid use disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第9期14卷 1285-1288页

作者： Dilek Kaya-Akyüzlü Institute of Forensic Sciences Ankara UniversityAnkara 06590Türkiye

Opioid use disorder(OUD)is a major public health problem affecting millions of people *** OUD is a chronic and relapsing disorder,a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are ***-assisted treatment of OUD generally relies on competition for opioid receptors against the addictive *** mechanisms of this competition are to block or inactivate the opioid receptor or activate the receptor with a substance that is intermittent or long *** and buprenorphine are two United States Food and Drug Administration-approved medications that have long-term positive effects on the health of opioid-dependent *** clinical studies of drugs generally demonstrate efficacy in thousands of people and toxicity is excluded,it cannot be predicted whether the given drug will cause side effects in one of the patients at the treatment *** differences can be explained by many biological and environmental *** in genes encoding drug metabolism or cellular drug targets significantly explain the variability in drug response between ***,for the effects of candidate genes to be accepted and included in individual treatment protocols,it is important to repeat studies on individuals of different ethnic backgrounds and prove a similar effect.

关键词： Opioid use disorder genetic vulnerability Treatment failures Personalized medicine Pharmacogenetics

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A Discussion on Possible Indicators Related to genetic Structure Changes in Plant Germplasm Conservation

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第11期3卷 869-880页

作者： GAIJun-yi SoybeanResearchInstitute NanjingAgriculturalUniversity／NationalCenterforSoybeanImprovement／NationalKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandGermplasmEnhancementNanjing210095P.R.China

The purpose of the present paper is to study and develop indicators and procedures for the evaluation of genetic structure changes in germplasm conservation due to social and natural environment reasons. Some basic concepts in germplasm study were introduced at first. Then, six kinds of indicators for genetic diversity as a measure of genetic potential of a germplasm collection were presented, i.e., numbers of different entities at certain level, evenness of the entity distribution, genetic similarity and genetic distance, genetic variance and genetic coefficient of variation, multivariate genetic variation indices, and coefficient of parentage. It was pointed out that genetic dispersion did not provide a complete concept of genetic diversity if without any information from genetic richness. Based on the above, the indicators for genetic erosion as the genetic structure changes of germplasm conservation due to social reasons, the indicators of genetic vulnerability as the genetic structure changes of germplasm conservation due to environmental stresses, the measurement of genetic drift and genetic shift as the genetic structure changes of germplasm collection during reproduction or seed increase were reviewed and developed. Furthermore, the estimation procedures of the indicators by using molecular markers were suggested. Finally, the case studies on suitable conservation sample size of self-pollinated and open-pollinated populations were given for reference.

关键词： genetic structure change genetic diversity genetic erosion genetic vulnerability genetic drift genetic shift Statistical indicator

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