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Research progress on the divergence and genetic basis of agronomic traits in xian and geng rice

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 924-931页

作者： Linlin Jiang Lian Wu Yun Wang Quan Xu Zhengjin Xu Wenfu Chen Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866LiaoningChina Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866LiaoningChina

The Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa can be classified into two major subspecies:japonica/geng and indica/xian.There are large physiological and phenotypic differences between the two subspecies,with each having its advantages and disadvantages.Understanding the differences between xian and geng could provide a foundation for cultivar improvement based on hybridization between subspecies in order to synthesize favorable traits.We review the origin and domestication of xian and geng rice,compare their differences in terms of physiological and phenotypical traits,and describe the molecular mechanism differences between the subspecies.Based on this knowledge,we propose an ideal plant architecture of geng rice varieties for northern regions.

关键词： Oryza sativa Differentiation between subspecies genetic basis Plant architecture of geng rice

How rice organs are colored: The genetic basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice

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The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 598-608页

作者： Duo Xia Hao Zhou Yipei Wang Pingbo Li Pei Fu Bian Wu Yuqing He National Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Anthocyanins are a major subclass of flavonoids that have diverse biological functions and benefit human health.In rice(Oryza sativa),the various colors shown by organs are due mainly to the accumulation of anthocyanins and are traits associated with domestication.Elucidating the genetic basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice would support the engineering of anthocyanins as well as shedding light on the evolutionary history of O.sativa.We summarize recent progress in rice anthocyanin biosynthesis research,including gene cloning,biosynthetic pathway discovery,and study of the domestication process.We discuss the application of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in rice breeding.Our object is to broaden knowledge of the genetic basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice and support the breeding of novel rice cultivars.

关键词： Anthocyanins Flavonoid Biosynthesis genetic basis Black rice Oryza sativa L.

Understanding the genetic basis of rice heterosis: Advances and prospects

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The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 688-692页

作者： Sinan Zhang Xuehui Huang Bin Han Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China National Center for Gene Research CAS Center for Excellencein Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China

Heterosis,which describes the superior vigor and yield of F_1 hybrids with respect to their parents,is observed in many rice hybrid crosses.The exploitation of heterosis is a great leap in the history of rice breeding.With advances in genomics and genetics,high-resolution mapping and functional identification of heterosis-associated loci have been performed in rice.Here we summarize advances in understanding the genetic basis of grain yield heterosis in hybrid rice and provide a vision for the genetic study and breeding application of rice heterosis in the future.

关键词： Hybrid rice Heterosis genetic basis Breeding

Analysis on genetic Diversity and genetic basis of the Main Sesame Cultivars Released in China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第4期10卷 509-518页

作者： ZHANG Yan-xin SUN Jian ZHANG Xiu-rong WANG Lin-hai CHE Zhuo Oil Crop Research Institute Chinese Aeademy of Agrieultural Sciences~Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan430062 P.R. China

SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） was used for the analysis of 67 sesame （Sesamum indicum L.） cultivars widely used in Chinese sesame major production areas from 1950 to 2007. A total of 561 bands were amplified using 21 SRAP random primer pairs, with 265 of them were polymorphic, resulting in a polymorphism ratio of 47.2%. The total bands and polymorphism amplified by each primer pair averaged 26.7 and 12.6, respectively. The average genetic similar coefficient and genetic distance of the 67 cultivars were 0.9104 and 0.0706, respectively, indicating limited genetic diversity and narrow genetic basis. Comparative analysis on genetic similarity and genetic distance of different classified cultivars showed that the difference of average genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance between the landraces and cultivars bred through crosses reached significant levels （P=0.01）, with the genetic basis of landraces wider than that bred cultivars. The genetic basis of cultivars used in 1990-2007 was more narrow than that of cultivars from 1950 to 1969 and from 1970 to 1989, with the differences of average genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance reached 0.01 significant level. The genetic basis of Chinese sesame main cultivars is relatively narrow, and the genetic basis of cultivars developed through crosses in recent years is narrower than history cultivars.

关键词： sesame （Sesamum indicum L.） cultivars SRAP genetic diversity genetic basis

genetic architecture and molecular regulation of sorghum domestication

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aBIOTECH 2023年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： Fengyong Ge Peng Xie Yaorong Wu Qi Xie State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Over time,wild crops have been domesticated by humans,and the knowledge gained from parallel selection and convergent domestication-related studies in cereals has contributed to current techniques used in molecular plant breeding.Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is the world’s fifth-most popular cereal crop and was one of the first crops cultivated by ancient farmers.In recent years,genetic and genomic studies have provided a better understanding of sorghum domestication and improvements.Here,we discuss the origin,diversification,and domestication processes of sorghum based on archeological discoveries and genomic analyses.This review also comprehensively summarized the genetic basis of key genes related to sorghum domestication and outlined their molecular mechanisms.It highlights that the absence of a domestication bottleneck in sorghum is the result of both evolution and human selection.Additionally,understanding beneficial alleles and their molecular interactions will allow us to quickly design new varieties by further de novo domestication.

关键词： Domestication genetic basis Molecular mechanism Genes Sorghum

genetic dissection of N use efficiency using maize inbred lines and testcrosses

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1242-1250页

作者： Xiaoyang Liu Kunhui He Farhan Ali Dongdong Li Hongguang Cai Hongwei Zhang Lixing Yuan Wenxin Liu Guohua Mi Fanjun Chen Qingchun Pan Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabak NowsheraPakistan College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130033JilinChina Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya Institute China Agricultural UniversitySanya 572025HainanChina

Although the use of heterosis in maize breeding has increased crop productivity,the genetic causes underlying heterosis for nitrogen(N) use efficiency(NUE) have been insufficiently investigated.In this study,five N-response traits and five low-N-tolerance traits were investigated using two inbred line populations(ILs) consisting of recombinant inbred lines(RIL) and advanced backcross(ABL) populations,derived from crossing Ye478 with Wu312.Both populations were crossed with P178 to construct two testcross populations.IL populations,their testcross populations,and the midparent heterosis(MPH)for NUE were investigated.Kernel weight,kernel number,and kernel number per row were sensitive to N level and ILs showed higher N response than did the testcross populations.Based on a highdensity linkage map,138 quantitative trait loci(QTL) were mapped,each explaining 5.6%–38.8% of genetic variation.There were 52,34 and 52 QTL for IL populations,MPH,and testcross populations,respectively.The finding that 7.6% of QTL were common to the ILs and their testcross populations and that 11.7% were common to the MPH and testcross population indicated that heterosis for NUE traits was regulated by non-additive and non-dominant loci.A QTL on chromosome 5 explained 27% of genetic variation in all of the traits and Gln1-3 was identified as a candidate gene for this QTL.Genome-wide prediction of NUE traits in the testcross populations showed 14%–51% accuracy.Our results may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of heterosis for NUE traits and the candidate gene may be used for genetic improvement of maize NUE.

关键词： Maize Nitrogen use efficiency Heterosis genetic basis

Broadening soybean genetic basis in the northeast of China

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1994年第1期1卷 1-8页

作者： Wang Jinling(Soybean Laboratory,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030, P.R. China)

The bottle neck of advancement of soybean breeding inthe Northeast of China is the lack of genetic diversity of the parents used in cross breeding.In order to overcome this constrained condition,under the sponsorship of China National Committe of Natural Science Fundation,a network project with the topic'Broadening and Improving of the genetic basis of the Northeast Soybeans'was established in 1990,and the Northeast Agricultural University was apointed to take charge of the project.The project included the following four items:Ⅰ.Breeding high yield and improved quality Northeast Soybeans,directed by Hcilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science.Ⅱ.Development of new soybean gerplasms highly resistant to diseases epidemic in Northeast China directed by Northeast Agricultural university.Ⅲ.Exploitation of the potential of wild and semicultivated soybeans for broadening and improving the genetic basis of Northeast soybeans,directed by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science.Ⅳ.Improving methods and technique for development of new soybean genetic resources,directed by Nanjing Agricultural University. Each item contained several research subjects conducted by research workers of different institutes of agricultural sciences.During the period 1991-1992,considerable promising new germplasms had been discovered or developed.The new germplasms not only possessed specific improved characters but also behaved with appropriate ecological types adapted to different conditions of Northeast.Among the numerous new germplasms developed,Gong Jio 8757-3 had a protein content of 49.41 %,100 seed weight 16-17 g,and acceptable agronomic characters,which was considered a very valuable new high protein content germplasm.Such developed new germplasms with enforced and improved genetic basis will be used primarily as parents in soybean cross breeding.

关键词： genetic basis germplasm,semicultivated soybean

genetic architecture and key genes controlling the diversity of oil composition in rice grains

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Molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 456-469页

作者： Hao Zhou Duo Xia Pingbo Li Yiting Ao Xiaodong Xu Shanshan Wan Yanhua Li Bian Wu Huan Shi Kaiyue Wang Guanjun Gao Qinglu Zhang Gongwei Wang Jinghua Xiao Xianghua Li Sibin Yu Xingming Lian Yuqing He National Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Rice grain oil is a valuable nutrient source.However,the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains remains unclear.In this study,we performed a genome-wide association study on oil composition and oil concentration in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions.High variation for 11 oil-related traits was observed,and the oil composition of rice grains showed differentiation among the subpopulations.We identified 46 loci that are significantly associated with grain oil concentration or composition,16 of which were detected in three recombinant inbred line populations.Twenty-six candidate genes encoding enzymes involved in oil metabolism were identified from these 46 loci,four of which(PAL6,LIN6,MYR2,and ARA6)were found to contribute to natural variation in oil composition and to show differentiation among the subpopulations.Interestingly,population genetic analyses revealed that specific haplotypes of PAL6 and LIN6 have been selected in japonica rice.Based on these results,we propose a possible oil biosynthetic pathway in rice grains.Collectively,our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains and can facilitate marker-based breeding of rice varieties with enhanced oil and grain quality.

关键词： Oryza sativa L grain oil genome-wide association study genetic basis oil biosynthesis

genetic dissection of wheat uppermost-internode diameter and its association with agronomic traits in five recombinant inbred line populations at various field environments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第11期20卷 2849-2861页

作者： LIU Hang TANG Hua-ping LUO Wei MU Yang JIANG Qian-tao LIU Ya-xi CHEN Guo-yue WANG Ji-rui ZHENG Zhi QI Peng-fei JIANG Yun-feng CUI Fa SONG Yin-ming YAN Gui-jun WEI Yu-ming LAN Xiu-jin ZHENG You-liang MA Jian State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Ministry of Science and Technology/Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Agriculture and Food CSIROSt LuciaBrisbane 4217Australia College of Agriculture Ludong UniversityYantai 264000P.R.China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100093P.R.China School of Plant Biology The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia

Uppermost-internode diameter(UID)is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat.Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown.Here,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for UID with high-density genetic maps were identified in five wheat recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations.In total,25 QTLs for UID were detected in five RIL populations,and they were located on chromosomes 1A,1D(3 QTL),2B(2),2D(3),3B,3D,4A,4B(3),4D,5A(5),5B(2),6B,and 7D.Of them,five major and stable QTLs(QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D,QUid.sau-QZ-2D,QUid.sau-SC-3D,and QUid.sau-AS-4 B)were identified from each of the five RIL populations in multiple environments.QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D and QUid.sau-SC-3D are novel QTLs.Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers tightly linked to them were further investigated for developing near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying the major loci.Furthermore,candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted,and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases.Comparison of physical locations of the identified QTL on the‘Chinese Spring’reference genome showed that several QTLs including two major ones,QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1 and QUid.sau-2 SY-1 D,are likely allelic confirming their validity and effectiveness.The significant relationships detected between UID and other agronomic traits and a proper UID were discussed.Collectively,our results dissected the underlying genetic basis for UID in wheat and laid a foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of these QTLs.

关键词： uppermost-internode diameter wheat yield potential genetic basis quantitative trait loci