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Harnessing generative ai to decode enzyme catalysis and evolution for enhanced engineering

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 13-25页

作者： Wen Jun Xie Arieh Warshel Department of Medicinal Chemistry Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and DevelopmentGenetics InstituteUniversity of Florida Department of Chemistry University of Southern California

Enzymes, as paramount protein catalysts, occupy a central role in fostering remarkable progress across numerous fields. However, the intricacy of sequence-function relationships continues to obscure our grasp of enzyme behaviors and curtails our capabilities in rational enzyme engineering. generative artificial intelligence(ai), known for its proficiency in handling intricate data distributions, holds the potential to offer novel perspectives in enzyme research. generative models could discern elusive patterns within the vast sequence space and uncover new functional enzyme sequences. This review highlights the recent advancements in employing generative ai for enzyme sequence analysis. We delve into the impact of generative ai in predicting mutation effects on enzyme fitness, catalytic activity and stability, rationalizing the laboratory evolution of de novo enzymes, and decoding protein sequence semantics and their application in enzyme engineering. Notably, the prediction of catalytic activity and stability of enzymes using natural protein sequences serves as a vital link, indicating how enzyme catalysis shapes enzyme evolution. Overall,we foresee that the integration of generative ai into enzyme studies will remarkably enhance our knowledge of enzymes and expedite the creation of superior biocatalysts.

关键词： generative ai mutation effects evolution–catalysis relationship enzyme engineering enzyme evolution

Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT:A Framework for Applying generative ai in Education

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第3期6卷 355-366页

作者：苏嘉红杨伟鹏 The University of Hong Kong The Education University of Hong Kong

Purpose:Artificial intelligence(ai)chatbots,such as ChatGPT and GPT-4,developed by Openai,have the potential to revolutionize *** study explores the potential benefits and challenges of using ChatGPT in education(or“educative ai”).Design/Approach/Methods:This paper proposes a theoretical framework called“IDEE”for educative ai such as using ChatGPT and other generative ai in education,which includes identifying the desired outcomes,determining the appropriate level of automation,ensuring ethical considerations,and evaluating ***:The benefits of using ChatGPT in education or more generally,educative ai,include a more personalized and efficient learning experience for students as well as easier and faster feedback for ***,challenges such as the untested effectiveness of the technology,limitations in the quality of data,and ethical and safety concerns must also be ***/Value:This study explored the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in education within the proposed theoretical framework.

关键词： ChatGPT educative ai generative ai GPT-4 IDEE framework

The Metaverse:Innovations and generative ai

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第3期8卷 262-272页

作者： Jussi S.Jauhiainen Department of Geography and Geology University of Turku20014TurkuFinland Institute of Ecology and the Earth Science University of TartuVanemuise 4650011TartuEstonia

Today,the Metaverse consists of various platforms,including digital twins of the physical world as well as virtual and blended digital-material environments that offer immersive experiences for individual *** going beyond solely physical or virtual realms,these platforms unlock new possibilities for exploration,experimentation,and *** makes it possible to transcend the limitations of innovation processes confined to physical locations,so the Metaverse is thus poised to drive groundbreaking *** article explores the Metaverse as an innovation platform,its opportunities and challenges,including the role of generative ai in *** discusses how the Metaverse,as a collaboration,creativity,and technological platform,supports innovation *** embracing the possibilities and challenges offered by the Metaverse and leveraging the capabilities of generative ai within it,a future in which individuals can truly explore novel synergies between the physical and digital realms,thriving various kinds of *** is crucial to achieve holistic sustainability impacts both within the Metaverse innovation platform and as its outputs.

关键词： Metaverse Innovation generative ai Collaboration Sustainability Creativity ChatGPT

Bias in generative ai Systems:A 3-Layer Response and Liability Determination

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Contemporary Social Sciences 2024年第2期9卷 121-138页

作者： Tang Shuchen Jiang Huiwen Tsinghua University Beijing100084China

The risk of bias is widely noticed in the entire process of generative artificial intelligence(generative ai)*** protect the rights of the public and improve the effectiveness of ai regulations,feasible measures to address the bias problem in the context of large data should be proposed as soon as *** bias originates in every part and various aspects of ai product lifecycles,laws and technical measures should consider each of these layers and take different causes of bias into account,from data training,modeling,and application *** Interim Measures for the Administration of generative ai Service(the Interim Measures),formulated by the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission(CAC)and other departments have taken the initiatives to govern ***,it lacks specific details on issues such as how to prevent the risk of bias and reduce the effect of bias in *** Interim Measures also fail to take causes of bias into account,and several principles must be further ***,regulations on generative ai at the global level are still in their early *** forming a governance framework,this paper could provide the community with useful experiences and play a leading *** framework includes at least three parts:first,determining the realm of governance and unifying related concepts;second,developing measures for different layers to identify the causes and specific aspects of bias;third,identifying parties with the skills to take responsibility for detecting bias intrusions and proposing a program for the allocation of liabilities among the large-scale platform developers.

关键词： generative ai bias ai governance

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On the Assessment of generative ai in Requirements Analysis and Modeling Tasks with UML:An Exploratory Study

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计算机教育 2023年第12期 2-10页

作者： Chong Wang Peng Liang Xiaojian Li Jian Wang Zhong Luo the School of Computer Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China the College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan430033China

generative ai is rapidly employed by software developers to generate code or other software ***,the analysis and assessment of generative ai with respect to requirements analysis and modeling tasks,especially with UML,has received little *** paper investigates the capabilities of generative ai to aid in the creation of three types of UML models:UML use case models,class diagrams,and sequence *** this purpose,we designed an ai-aided UML modeling task in our course on software requirements modeling.50 undergraduates who majored in Software Engineering at Wuhan University completed the modeling task and the corresponding online *** findings show that generative ai can help create these three types of UML models,but its performance is limited to identifying essential modeling elements of these UML models.

关键词： ai-aided education UML modeling generative ai Requirements engineering

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Prompt Engineering Importance and Applicability with generative ai

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第10期12卷 14-23页

作者： Prashant Bansal Independent Researcher Edison NJ USA

Prompt engineering, the art of crafting effective prompts for artificial intelligence models, has emerged as a pivotal factor in determining the quality and usefulness of ai (Artificial Intelligence)-generated outputs. This practice involves strategically designing and structuring prompts to guide ai models toward desired outcomes, ensuring that they generate relevant, informative, and accurate responses. The significance of prompt engineering cannot be overstated. Well-crafted prompts can significantly enhance the capabilities of ai models, enabling them to perform tasks that were once thought to be exclusively human domain. By providing clear and concise instructions, prompts can guide ai models to generate creative text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way. Moreover, prompt engineering can help mitigate biases and ensure that ai models produce outputs that are fair, equitable, and inclusive. However, prompt engineering is not without its challenges. Crafting effective prompts requires a deep understanding of both the ai model’s capabilities and the specific task at hand. Additionally, the quality of the prompts can be influenced by factors such as the model’s training data [1] and the complexity of the task. As ai models continue to evolve, prompt engineering will likely become even more critical in unlocking their full potential.

关键词： Prompt Engineering ai ML Prompt Zero Shot Few Shot generative ai Chatbots ai Models

On the Application of generative ai in College English

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2024年第8期12卷 539-545页

作者： ZHANG Yan LIAN Yujie MENG Jieqiong Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine NanningChina

With the rapid advancement of ai technology,especially the emergence of generative ai such as ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot,the field of education is undergoing profound *** they change the way information is obtained and processed,these ai technologies challenge traditional teaching *** on evaluating the feasibility of various generative ai tools for teaching and comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages,this paper delves into the application scenarios of these generative ai tools in English reading,writing,and translation,and explores their specific applications in the pre-class,in-class,and post-class parts of“College English Reading,Writing,and Translation”.It is hoped that through innovative teaching methods,both students’learning effectiveness and teachers’teaching efficiency can be *** the same time,it is crucial to guide students in recognizing the misinformation and biases that exist in generative ai,while emphasizing the significance of originality and intellectual ***,their critical thinking skills and proper academic concepts could be cultivated and help them prevent academic misconduct.

关键词： generative ai college English teaching reform critical thinking academic integrity

generative ai生成司法决策的可靠性困境及其应对

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天津大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第6期26卷 512-520页

作者：武振国周健北京科技大学文法学院北京100083 最高人民法院第二巡回法庭沈阳110179

在人工智能时代,generative ai能否取代人类裁判者已经成为了一个热门话题。但该技术直接生成司法决策却在可靠性方面存在困境。根据信息不对称理论,generative ai的算法原理和数据库具有黑箱属性,可以通过不对称的信息对人类形成不对... 详细信息

在人工智能时代,generative ai能否取代人类裁判者已经成为了一个热门话题。但该技术直接生成司法决策却在可靠性方面存在困境。根据信息不对称理论,generative ai的算法原理和数据库具有黑箱属性,可以通过不对称的信息对人类形成不对称的权力,最终将真实数据导出为不可靠的虚假信息。在技术依赖的前提下,人类自我意识的逐渐封闭将进一步放大generative ai信息不对称的优势,最终形成司法决策不可靠的困境。为了破解上述困境,需要从人机之间信息对称的视角出发,勘定generative ai介入司法决策活动的边界,合理界定generative ai和裁判者之间的功能定位和职能范围,严格审查generative ai的输入和输出内容。

关键词： generative ai 虚假信息可靠性司法决策算法黑箱

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Knowledge Enhancement and Question-Answering of Metallurgical Industry Based on generative ai Large Models

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Knowledge Enhancement and Question-Answering of Metallurgica...