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generation of patient-specific motor neurons in modeling movement diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1799-1800页

作者： Baojin Ding Department of Biology University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLAUSA

Generating neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs) overcomes the limited access to human brain tissues and greatly facilitates the research in neuroscience(Karagiannis et al., 2019).

关键词： generation overcome movement

generation of 131 fs mode-locked pulses from 2.8μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser

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Chinese Optics Letters 2020年第3期18卷 45-49页

作者：顾宏安覃治鹏谢国强海婷袁鹏马金贵钱列加 School of Physics and Astronomy Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

We demonstrated a femtosecond mode-locked Er:Zr F4-Ba F2-La F3-Al F3-Na F(Er:ZBLAN)fiber laser at 2.8μm based on the nonlinear polarization rotation technique.The laser generated an average output power of 317 m W with a repetition rate of 107 MHz and pulse duration as short as 131 fs.To the best of our knowledge,this is the shortest pulse generated directly from a mid-infrared mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser to date.Numerical simulation and experimental results confirm that reducing the gain fiber length is an effective way to shorten the mode-locked pulse duration in the Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.The work takes an important step towards sub-100-fs mid-infrared pulse generation from mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers.

关键词： generation mode-locked pulses Er:ZBLAN fiber

generation of diverse neural cell types through direct conversion

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第2期8卷 32-46页

作者： Gayle F Petersen Padraig M Strappe School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University

A characteristic of neurological disorders is the loss of critical populations of cells that the body is unable to replace,thus there has been much interest in identifying methods of generating clinically relevant numbers of cells to replace those that have been damaged or lost.The process of neural direct conversion,in which cells of one lineage are converted into cells of a neural lineage without first inducing pluripotency,shows great potential,with evidence of the generation of a range of functional neural cell types both in vitro and in vivo,through viral and non-viral delivery of exogenous factors,as well as chemical induction methods.Induced neural cells have been proposed as an attractive alternative to neural cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells,with prospective roles in the investigation of neurological disorders,including neurodegenerative disease modelling,drug screening,and cellular replacement for regenerative medicine applications,however further investigations into improving the efficacy and safety of these methods need to be performed before neural direct conversion becomes a clinically viable option.In this review,we describe the generation of diverse neural cell types via direct conversion of somatic cells,with comparison against stem cell-based approaches,as well as discussion of their potential research and clinical applications.

关键词： Adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells generation of neural cells Induced pluripotent stem cells In v

基于神经表面水分子有序排列假定的太赫兹-远红外神经信号产生和传输的初步模型Ⅰ:信号特征

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Science Bulletin 2020年第4期65卷 308-317页

作者：向左鲜唐传祥常超刘国治 Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijing 100071China

本文基于水分子在神经元表面有序排列等假设,利用量子光学和电动力学等理论研究神经系统中的电磁场问题.作者首先推导了水分子-电磁场-离子的拉格朗日函数,利用拉格朗日方程得到系统随时间演化的动力学方程,并在两能级近似下,利用解析方... 详细信息

本文基于水分子在神经元表面有序排列等假设,利用量子光学和电动力学等理论研究神经系统中的电磁场问题.作者首先推导了水分子-电磁场-离子的拉格朗日函数,利用拉格朗日方程得到系统随时间演化的动力学方程,并在两能级近似下,利用解析方法(主要是微扰理论)和数值方法分别求解上述动力学方程.当初始场强较弱时,微扰理论和数值计算结果符合得较好;当初始场强很强时,由于非线性效应,此时系统存在部分高阶模式.作者还讨论了神经高频电磁场信号的特性(电磁场色散关系、场的时域波形和频谱特征等)以及部分物理参数对神经高频电磁场的影响.最后,作者预测了神经元表面上电磁辐射的多种固有本征振动模式,这些振动模式的频率范围位于太赫兹和远红外波段.

关键词： Neuron THz Infrared Neuron signal generation and conduction Ion oscillation

Recent advances in nanoparticle generation in liquids by lasers:Revealing formation mechanisms and tailoring properties

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 115-117页

作者： Alexander V.Bulgakov Nadezhda M.Bulgakova HiLASE Centre Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesDolni Brezany 25241Czech Republic S.S.Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090Russia

When Fojtik and Henglein [1] submitted in 1992 the first scientific paper on generation of nanoparticles(NPs) by laser ablation in liquids, the authors probably could not realize how it will revolutionize the nanoparticle science and technology. In 2017, marking a quarter century of this pioneering study, Amendola and Barcikowski [2] pointed out that the simple and bright idea of Henglein and Fojtik was an inspiration to hundreds of scientists worldwide over 25 years and opened a way to use lasers in synthesis of colloids.

关键词： liquids hundreds generation

A photothermal reservoir for highly efficient solar steam generation without bulk water

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1625-1633页

作者： Xuan Wu Ting Gao Chenhui Han Jingsan Xu Gary Owens Haolan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia

A solid photothermal reservoir is designed to implement solar-steam generation in the absence of bulk water.The photothermal reservoir is composed of a water absorbing core encapsulated by a photothermal reduced graphene oxide based aerogel sheet which absorbs light and converts it into heat thus evaporating the stored water.The photothermal reservoir is able to store 6.5 times its own weight in water,which is sufficient for one day solar evaporation,thus no external water supplement is required.During solar-steam generation,since no bulk water is involved,the photothermal reservoir minimizes heat conduction loss,and maximizes both of the exposed evaporation surface area and net energy gain from the environment,leading to an energy efficiency beyond the theoretical limit.An extremely high water evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m-2 h-1(normalized to projection area)is achieved in laboratory studies over a cylinder photothermal reservoir with a diameter of 5.2 cm and a height of 15 cm under 1.0 sun irradiation.Practical evaluation of the photothermal reservoir outdoors as part of a desalination device demonstrates a similar evaporation rate where the salinity of the clean water produced is lower than 24 ppb.Thus the photothermal reservoir shows great potential for real world applications in portable solarthermal desalination.

关键词： Solar-steam generation Photothermal Aerogel Solar-thermal energy

Nonlinear optics in the electron-hole continuum in 2D semiconductors:two-photon transition, second harmonic generation and valley current injection

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Science Bulletin 2019年第15期64卷 1036-1043页

作者： Pu Gong Hongyi Yu Yong Wang Wang Yao Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

We investigate two-photon transitions to the electron-hole scattering continuum in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, and identify two contributions to this nonlinear optical process with opposite circularly polarized valley selection rules. In the non-interacting limit, the competition between the two contributions leads to a crossover of the selection rule with the increase of the two-photon energy. With the strong Coulomb interaction between the electron and hole, the two contributions excite electron-hole scattering states in orthogonal angular momentum channels, while the strength of the transition can be substantially enhanced by the interaction. Based on this picture of the two-photon transition, the second harmonic generation(SHG) in the electron-hole continuum is analyzed, where the Coulomb interaction is shown to greatly alter the relative strength of different cross-circular polarized SHG processes. Valley current injection by the quantum interference of one-photon and two-photon transition is also investigated in the presence of the strong Coulomb interaction, which significantly enhances the injection rate.

关键词： 2D semiconductors Nonlinear optics Electron-hole continuum Two-photon transition Second-harmonic generation Valley current injection

Design of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for an Automatic generation Control of Multi-area Power Thermal Systems Using Firefly Algorithm

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第2期6卷 503-515页

作者： K.Jagatheesan B.Anand Sourav Samanta Nilanjan Dey Amira S.Ashour Valentina E.Balas the Department of Electrical & Electronics Eng. Mahendra Institute of Eng. & Tech. the Department of Electrical & Electronics Eng. Hindusthan College of Eng. & Tech. the Department of Computer Science & Engineering University Institute of Technology The University of Burdwan the Department of Information Technology Techno India College of Technology the Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tanta University the Faculty of Engineering Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad

Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.

关键词： Automatic generation control(AGC) firefly algorithm genetic algorithm(GA) particle swarm optimization(PSO) proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller

Kinetic simulation of hydrocarbon generation and its application to in-situ conversion of shale oil

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第6期46卷 1288-1296页

作者： ZHANG Bin YU Cong CUI Jingwei MI Jingkui LI Huadong HE Fei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPCBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Shale Oil Research&Development Center Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation are determined through experimental simulation and mathematical calculation using four typical samples selected from the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the northwest of Songliao Basin,Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southwest of Ordos Basin,Paleogene in the southwest of Qaidam Basin,and Lucaogou Formation of Jimusar Sag in the east of Junggar Basin.The results show that activation energy of hydrocarbon generation of organic matter is closely related to maturity and mainly ranges between 197 kJ/mol and 227 kJ/mol.On this basis,the temperature required for organic matter in shale to convert into oil was calculated.The ideal heating temperature is between 270℃and 300℃,and the conversation rate can reach 90%after 50-300 days of heating at constant temperature.When the temperature rises at a constant rate,the temperature corresponding to the major hydrocarbon generation period ranges from 225 to 350℃at the temperature rise rate of 1-150℃/month.In order to obtain higher economic benefits,it is suggested to adopt higher temperature rise rate(60-150℃/month).The more reliable kinetic parameters obtained can provide a basis for designing more reasonable scheme of in-situ heating conversion.

关键词： hydrocarbon generation kinetics shale oil activation energy in-situ conversion Permian Lucaogou Formation Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7 Member Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation hydrocarbon generation simulation

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