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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 134-150页

作者： Yongwei ZHAO Zidong DU Qi GUO Zhiwei XU Yunji CHEN State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

From the very beginning of computers, universality has been the core focus in the building of computing machines, such as the universal Turing machine, von Neumann architecture, random-access machines, and universal circuits. Academia has taken universality as the primary principle ever since. However,the Curse of universality, implied from ***’s Universal Circuit, states that computers based on logic circuits cannot be both universal and efficient, as the cost of universality is Ω(n log2n). Though the Curse has been hidden by the rapid advancement of semiconductor technologies, it has been wielding its effects noticeably in recent years. Due to the ending of Dennard scaling and Moore’s law, general-purpose processors leave less room for improvement. Therefore, domain-specific architectures(DSAs), such as deep learning processors, have been exploding, leading to the new golden age of computer architectures. For DSAs, universality is traded off for optimal efficiency. However, we predict that universality will once again be a major concern for post-golden-age computers. In this paper, we discuss how much universality could an efficient computer keep. As a rescue to the Curse, we define and discuss quasi-universal architectures. Quasi-universal architectures can solve any computable problem and are efficient for a wide range of problems. The proposed Recursive-Encapsulated(RENC) architecture achieves maximal universality while keeping optimal efficiency as found in specialized architectures. The discovery of RENCsuggests that current golden-age architectures are not Pareto optimal.

关键词： universality general-purpose architecture specialized architecture deep learning processor universal circuit

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