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Roles of Polycomb complexes in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure in plants

Plant Communications 2022年第1期3卷 135-151页

作者： Fernando Baile Angeles Gomez-Zambrano Myriam Calonje Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis(IBVF-CSIC-US) Avenida Americo Vespucio 4941092 SevilleSpain

The evolutionary conserved Polycomb Group(PcG)repressive system comprises two central protein complexes,PcG repressive complex 1(PRC1)and PRC2.These complexes,through the incorporation of histone modifications on chromatin,have an essential role in the normal development of eukaryotes.In recent years,a significant effort has been made to characterize these complexes in the different kingdoms,and despite there being remarkable functional and mechanistic conservation,some key molecular principles have diverged.In this review,we discuss current views on the function of plant PcG complexes.We compare the composition of PcG complexes between animals and plants,highlight the role of recently identified plant PcG accessory proteins,and discuss newly revealed roles of known PcG partners.We also examine the mechanisms by which the repression is achieved and how these complexes are recruited to target genes.Finally,we consider the possible role of some plant PcG proteins in mediating local and long-range chromatin interactions and,thus,shaping chromatin 3D architecture.

关键词： Polycomb Group PRC1 PRC2 histone modifications gene repression chromatin organization

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PRCl Marks the Difference in Plant PcG repression

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 459-471页

作者： Myriam Calonje Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF) Avenida America Vespucio 49 Isla de La Cartuja 41092 Seville Spain

From mammals to plants, the Polycomb Group （PcG） machinery plays a crucial role in maintaining the repres- sion of genes that are not required in a specific differentiation status. However, the mechanism by which PeG machinery mediates gene repression is still largely unknown in plants. Compared to animals, few PcG proteins have been identi- fied in plants, not only because just some of these proteins are clearly conserved to their animal counterparts, but also because some PcG functions are carried out by plant-specific proteins, most of them as yet uncharacterized. For a long time, the apparent lack of Polycomb Repressive Complex （PRC）I components in plants was interpreted according to the idea that plants, as sessile organisms, do not need a long-term repression, as they must be able to respond rapidly to environmental signals; however, some PRC1 components have been recently identified, indicating that this may not be the case. Furthermore, new data regarding the recruitment of PcG complexes and maintenance of PcG repression in plants have revealed important differences to what has been reported so far. This review highlights recent progress in plant PcG function, focusing on the role of the putative PRC1 components.

关键词： Polycomb Group epigenetic regulation PRC1 gene repression H2A monoubiquitination chromatin compaction.

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Epigenetic repression of Male Gametophyte- Specific genes in the Arabidopsis Sporophyte

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1176-1186页

作者： Robert D. Hoffmann Michael G. Palmgren Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease--PUMPKIN Danish National Research Foundation Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark

Tissue formation, the identity of cells, and the functions they fulfill, are results of gene regulation. The male gametophyte of plants, pollen, is outstanding in this respect as several hundred genes expressed in pollen are not expressed in the sporophyte. How pollen-specific genes are down-regulated in the sporophyte has yet to be established. In this study, we have performed a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available genome-wide epigenetics data of sev- eral sporophytic tissues. By combining this analysis with DNase ! footprinting data, we assessed means by which the repression of pollen-specific genes in the Arabidopsis sporophyte is conferred. Our findings show that, in seedlings, the majority of pollen-specific genes are associated with histone-3 marked by mono- or trimethylation of Lys-27 （H3K27me1/ H3K27me3）, both of which are repressive markers for gene expression in the sporophyte. Analysis of DNase footprint profiles of pollen-specific genes in the sporophyte displayed closed chromatin proximal to the start codon. We describe a model of two-staged gene regulation in which a lack of nucleosome-free regions in promoters and histone modifications in open reading frames repress pollen-specific genes in the sporophyte.

关键词： male gametophyte epigenetics gene repression DNase I footprinting transcription factors bioinformatics.

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