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gender roles in the Utilization and Challenges in the Management of Mangrove Forests in Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第4期12卷 257-270页

作者： Maria Cristina B. Cañada Charles R. Velasco Mancy M. Lota Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Aurora State College of Technology Baler Philippines Research and Development Office Aurora State College of Technology Baler Philippines Department of Agriculture and Aquatic Science Aurora State College of Technology Baler Philippines

Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.

关键词： Social Science gender roles Utilization and Management Mangrove Forests Mixed-Method Approach Philippines

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Arab Attitudes Toward gender roles： From Homogeneous Stereotype to Heterogeneous Reality

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Sociology Study 2015年第3期5卷 213-222页

作者： Basem AI Atom Jordan University of Science and Technology Jordan

Western society has historically perceived Arab attitudes toward gender roles in a stereotypically negative light. This perception has had great influence on international public opinion toward Arab treatment of women, Western foreign policy toward the Arab world and development aid programs in the Middle East. This paper seeks to question the legitimacy of this perception by advancing the hypothesis that Arab attitudes toward gender roles are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous. To do so, it uses cross-cultural analysis in examining survey data regarding women＇s status in the Arab world, the significance of which contributes to a more accurate and well-rounded understanding of Arab attitudes toward gender roles. Results confirm the hypothesis that Arab attitudes toward gender roles are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous. Indeed, contrary to the Western stereotype regarding Arab attitudes toward gender roles and Arab treatment of women, cross-cultural analysis of the statistical information provided showed that Arab societies differ from one another in their attitudes toward gender roles and that Arab states differ from one another in their governmental approaches to gender equality in terms of personal status laws, gender-based discrimination in the workplace, and overall policies aimed at the advancement of women.

关键词： Sociology gender roles Western stereotypes Arab attitudes status of women

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The Choice of gender roles and the Perceptions of gender Violence in Regions of Armenia

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2016年第9期4卷 564-575页

作者： Anahit Manasyan American University of Armenia Yerevan Armenia

This article describes results of the fieldwork study concerning the reasons of gender roles＇ choice and the possible violence in Armenian families that occur from the gender roles. I have completed field study encompassing nine, out of 11, administrative regions of Armenia. The purpose of this study is to understand the perception level of domestic violence, child abuse and society＇s approach to the latter by conducting quantitative survey. These findings may be useful for the experts specialized in the gender violence and working on adapting the value system of EU countries in Armenia.

关键词： perceptions gender roles violence unconscious rape value system

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Historical Transition of gender roles in China

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Sociology Study 2023年第4期13卷 196-200页

作者： Shian Yin University of Nottingham NottinghamUK

This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal *** study centres on three pivotal epochs in contemporary China:the pre-liberation era(prior to 1949),the era of socialist construction(1949-1978),and the phase of economic reform(post-1978).Despite the undeniably persistent underpinning of traditional gender roles throughout history,this analysis offers insight into the essence of feminist movements-an ongoing struggle against the subjugation of *** notable strides have been made in enhancing the status and rights of women in recent decades,it becomes evident that achieving genuine gender equality necessitates a more nuanced approach beyond the mere expansion of educational and occupational opportunities for *** transformation mandates heightened awareness of gender inequality across all societal domains,catalysing collective participation in social initiatives by both *** article underscores the imperative of multifaceted engagement to drive meaningful and lasting shifts in gender dynamics.

关键词： historical transition gender roles gender equality feminism

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Fish trader’s gender and niches in a declining coral reef fishery:implications for sustainability

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第6期3卷 10-30页

作者： Timothy R.McClanahan Caroline Abunge Wildlife Conservation Society Marine ProgramsBronxNYUSA Wildlife Conservation Society Marine ProgramsCoral Reef Conservation ProjectMombasaKenya

Introduction:The state of natural resources is greatly influenced by market ***,resource trader's incentives,decisions,and willingness to comply with manage-ment an influence efforts to achieve sustainabi ***'s impacts will depend on their economic niches,which are influenced by cultural norms,skill,social relationshi ps,profitability,and the spatial scale of ***,we examined the potential of traders to influence fisheries'sustainability by evaluating their jobs,gender roles,religion,socioeconomic status,association and perceptions of management systems,and future *** studied 142 traders in 19 Kenyan coral reef fisheries landing sites distributed among four gear management ***:We found a strong role of gender,geography,and religion in the participation of these fisheries that was primarily driven by fisheries'*** associations suggest that overfished fisheries should retain traders with low education,capital,and savings-often women;whereas sustainable stocks favor the opposite characteristics,and often ***:Therefore,managing for increasing yields,profits,and sustainability could exclude women traders unless they successfully access or adopt the more traditional male economic *** coexistence is most likely to be achieved by managing for inter-mediate resource levels where net production,catch,and fish body size diversity are ***,reducing risk and increasing the capital and mobility of women traders should reduce their chances of exclusion when fisheries are sustainable.

关键词： Common pool resources equity political ecology resource competition gender roles social disparity

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The ＂Mother Complex＂ of Martha Quest

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2014年第10期4卷 810-816页

作者： Rukhsana Rahim Chowdhury BRAC University Dhaka Bangladesh

Human experience can best be understood in the framework of collective social relations. Like any other tie, the mother-daughter relationship is forged not in isolation but informed by cultural, historical, and social values, circumstances, and practices. The twentieth century has witnessed the greatest changes in world history. As an outcome of the noticeable shift in gender ideologies in the last half of that century, modern mothers and daughters struggled to experience a union, a bond, an understanding of themselves and the world around them. Clash of tradition and modernity in ideals and mores can be held accountable for the consequential neurotic development of the psyche in twentieth century mothers and daughters. Doris Lessing＇s writings reflect the way in which these complex changes in society affect family relationships. Her first novel of the Children of Violence series, Martha Quest, is an apt study of a mother and her daughter＇s struggle with their newly defined roles in society. This paper will seek to examine the conflicts that are encountered in the wake of such adjustments by contemporary mothers and daughters. In order to do so, the study will focus on an exploration of the kind of issues that Martha Quest and May Quest experience in Lessing＇s Martha Quest through approaches available in works by Carl Jung on his theory of the ＂mother complex＂.

关键词： gender roles "mother complex" resistance psychic dilemmas Matrophobia motherhood

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Involvement of Girls in Leadership in Primary Schools in Voi Sub-county, Kenya

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Sino-US English Teaching 2016年第5期13卷 404-408页

作者： Dr. Florence Kanorio Kisirkoi Angela Ndunge Kamanga Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya Taita Taveta County Education Office Taita Taveta Kenya

Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and national development. Such retrogressive ideas regarding a large number of the country＇s citizens have to be addressed early in the life of a girl to build in girls＇ self-esteem and facilitate them to develop leadership skills. This study investigated the extent to which girls in primary schools in Voi sub-county are involved in leadership in their schools. The study was based on the 2010 Kenya＇s constitution which ruled that no more than two-thirds of elected or appointed public institutions leaders should consist of one gender. The new legal framework seeks to break down the barriers women face in realizing their political, civil, economic, and social rights. It also ensures that women are involved in decision-making at all levels of government. In this study, data was collected from three mixed primary schools in Voi sub-county given codes A, B, and C. School A had a total of 470 pupils; 225 were boys and 245 were girls and the school had 21 leadership positions. The findings showed that the majority 14 （66.7%） of the leadership positions were occupied by boys while the few 7 （33.3%） were occupied by girls. In school B, there were a total of 1,056 pupils; 498 were boys and 558 were girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority of the positions 7 （53.8 %） were occupied by boys and minority 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In school C, there were a total of 1,450 pupils and 680 were boys and 770 girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority 7 （53.8%） of the positions were occupied by boys while 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In all the schools, there were more girls than boys but boys occupied more leadership positions than girls. Boys also took senior positions and girls were their deputies and were not as active as boys in area

关键词： leadership decision making constitution underrepresented gender roles

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Women’s Empowerment and Its Subversions in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

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海外英语 2021年第6期 207-209,233页

作者：梁嘉铭 School of Foreign Languages Guangzhou College of CommerceGuangzhou 510000China

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall,firstly published in 1848,was the second and final novel of Anne Brontë,the youngest of the Brontësisters,telling a story of the mysterious young widow Helen Huntingdon,who flees her abusive husband and hides with her son at Wildfell *** as most contemporary critic defines it as one of the first feminist novels,the overall characterization of Helen sends a strong message of the empowerment of *** confuses modern readers,however,is the subtle confrontation between the empowerment and its ***,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the text concerning Anne's empow⁃erment of Helen and the corresponding subversion of the established empowerment before unveiling the fundamental cause of such arrangement with a view of shedding light on the comprehension of Anne Brontë's belief in universal social issues.

关键词： The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Anne Brontë Women’s empowerment Subversion gender roles Public good

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2003年人教版初中语文教材性别角色分析

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中学语文教与学（初中读本） 2009年第1期

作者：刘朝晖周桂香阳晴晴

语文教材从图片到内容涉及的性别问题，对于学生建立一定的性别观和形成客观认识女性的态度会产生极大的影响。到目前为止，虽然教材在性别问题方面已有重大改观，但仍需在如下几个方面努力：第一，丰富教科书中女性的角色；第二，完善... 详细信息

语文教材从图片到内容涉及的性别问题，对于学生建立一定的性别观和形成客观认识女性的态度会产生极大的影响。到目前为止，虽然教材在性别问题方面已有重大改观，但仍需在如下几个方面努力：第一，丰富教科书中女性的角色；第二，完善教科书中的女性形象；第三，在图片的处理上应该增加女性角色的数量，直观地、全方位地展现女性的外在美和内在美。

关键词：初中语文教材性别角色女性形象 junior high school Chinese textbook gender roles female images

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“开放”与“解放”？

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国际贸易研究 2022年第6期

作者：刘灿雷高超王永进

对外开放与出口高速增长，在推动中国经济转型与发展的同时，也深刻影响着中国的社会结构，重塑着中国社会发展的样貌和轨迹。本文利用地区间产业结构的差异，刻画出中国出口增长对不同地区劳动市场需求的差异性影响，进而实证考察了出... 详细信息

对外开放与出口高速增长，在推动中国经济转型与发展的同时，也深刻影响着中国的社会结构，重塑着中国社会发展的样貌和轨迹。本文利用地区间产业结构的差异，刻画出中国出口增长对不同地区劳动市场需求的差异性影响，进而实证考察了出口增长通过国内劳动市场对女性结婚和生育表现的影响。研究发现，中国出口增长显著提高了20～39岁适婚女性群体的单身比例，降低了这一女性群体中选择生育的比例；并且，出口增长对女性推迟结婚和生育的影响，与对女性就业的影响密切相关。本文从社会性别角色和人口转型的视角，为中国对外开放和出口增长的深层社会影响提供了一个新的考察，也在经济开放的情境下检验了经典婚姻家庭经济学的理论逻辑。

关键词：对外开放出口增长女性婚育性别角色人口转型 opening-up export growth women's marriage and childbearing gender roles demographic transition

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