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gastrointestinal microbiome and primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a review of the literature and conclusions

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第11期15卷 1864-1872页

作者： Yu-Feng Yao Mei-Ying Wang Xiao-Yan Dou Department of Ophthalmology Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518035Guangdong ProvinceChina Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515031Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518035Guangdong ProvinceChina

The recognition of the profound impact of the human gastrointestinal microbiome(GM) on human autoimmune diseases has gradually increased thanks to deeper research efforts. As a systemic autoimmune disease, primary Sjogren’s syndrome(pSS) cannot be completely cured. Human studies have revealed that GM species and diversity are altered in patients with p SS compared with healthy individuals. Animal studies have provided possible mechanisms for the association between pSS and GM. The potential role of GM in pSS is exerted through several mechanisms. GM dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability, which increases the risk of GM antigen exposure and activates specific autoreactive T lymphocytes via “molecular mimicry”. In addition, GM antigen exposure and intestinal immune tolerance loss caused by GM dysbiosis together induce chronic local gut mucosal inflammation, which deteriorates to systemic chronic non-specific inflammation with the circulation of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes and cytokines. These factors eventually activate autoreactive B lymphocytes and lead to pSS. If GM plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pSS, clarifying the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of new therapies targeting GM for dry eye associated with pSS. This review summarizes the latest knowledge about the relationship between GM and p SS,with the aim of contributing to future research and to the development of new clinical applications.

关键词： gastrointestinal microbiome primary Sjogren’s syndrome dry eye dysbiosis autoimmunity clinical therapy

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gastrointestinal microbiome and cholelithiasis:Prospect in the nervous system

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第34期29卷 5091-5093页

作者： Mirella Mancha Chahuara Leidhy Dhy Maruja Lopez Tufino Carlos Andrés Mugruza-Vassallo Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana Universidad Privada San Juan BautistaLima Chorrillos 15067LimaPeru

Dan and colleagues recently published research suggesting that the gastrointestinal microbiome(microorganisms and metabolites)in cholelithiasis.They reviewed gallbladder stones,choledocholithiasis,and asymptomatic gallstones.Finally,their discussion was on the gastrointestinal.We focused on complementing the effect of the S1 protein and neuroinflammatory changes caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Our contribution was about to involve the microbiota and the nervous system.They can have similar functions because they have similar pathways and advantages,bearing in mindγ-aminobutyric acid in schizophrenia and serotonin in Parkinson's disease.Therefore in the next few years,more research should be encouraged on the microbiota consequences for development,and mobility.

关键词： gastrointestinal microbiome γ-aminobutyric acid Serotonin Letter

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gastrointestinal microbiome and cholelithiasis:Current status and perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第10期29卷 1589-1601页

作者： Wan-Yue Dan Yun-Sheng Yang Li-Hua Peng Gang Sun Zi-Kai Wang Microbiota Division Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyThe First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Medical School Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disease affecting 10%to 15%of adults.It imposes significant global health and financial burdens.However,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis involves several factors and is incompletely elucidated.In addition to genetic predisposition and hepatic hypersecretion,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis might involve the gastrointestinal(GI)microbiome,consisting of microorganisms and their metabolites.High-throughput sequencing studies have elucidated the role of bile,gallstones,and the fecal microbiome in cholelithiasis,associating microbiota dysbiosis with gallstone formation.The GI microbiome may drive cholelithogenesis by regulating bile acid metabolism and related signaling pathways.This review examines the literature implicating the GI microbiome in cholelithiasis,specifically gallbladder stones,choledocholithiasis,and asymptomatic gallstones.We also discuss alterations of the GI microbiome and its influence on cholelithogenesis.

关键词： Gallstone Cholesterol gallstone Common bile duct stone Bile acid Bile microbiome gastrointestinal microbiome

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gastrointestinal microbiome and related metabolites in Depression and Antidepressants - a comprehensive review

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Life Research 2023年第3期6卷 47-58页

作者： Yan-Li Lu Tao Jiang Jia-Jia Duan College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Department of Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China

Depression,a prevalent mood disorder,has emerged as a significant health concern in society.While the exact cause of depression remains incompletely understood,there is substantial evidence linking the gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites to this condition.Through combined multi-omics analysis,it has been observed that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome,including Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,undergoes significant alterations in depressed individuals.Moreover,the production of short-chain fatty acids,tryptophan,and bile acids by these gut microbes is also found to be modified in depression.Furthermore,studies have demonstrated that antidepressant medications exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites.This review provides an overview of the association between the gastrointestinal microbiome,related metabolites,and depression.It highlights the potential of these factors to serve as mechanisms of action for antidepressant medications.Additionally,the review summarizes the commonly used technical tools in depression research.

关键词： gastrointestinal microbiome Metabolomics Antidepressants Depressive disorder Traditional Chinese medicine

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Interaction between diet and genetics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1644-1650页

作者： Daniéla Oliveira Magro Ligia Yukie Sassaki Júlio Maria Fonseca Chebli Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-970São PauloBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Medical SchoolSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Botucatu 18618-687São PauloBrazil Department of Medicine University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de ForaUniversity of Juiz de Fora School of MedicineJuiz de Fora 36036-247Minas GeraisBrazil

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Marangoni et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:5618-5629,about“Diet as an epigenetic factor in inflammatory bowel disease”.The authors emphasized the role of diet,especially the interaction with genetics,in promoting the inflam-matory process in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,focusing on DNA methylation,histone modifications,and the influence of microRNAs.In this editorial,we explore the interaction between genetics,gut microbiota,and diet,in an only way.Furthermore,we provided dietary recommendations for patients with IBD.The Western diet,characterized by a low fiber content and deficiency the micronutrients,impacts short-chain fatty acids production and may be related to the pathogenesis of IBD.On the other hand,the consumption of the Mediter-ranean diet and dietary fibers are associated with reduced risk of IBD flares,particularly in Crohn’s disease(CD)patients.According to the dietary guidance from the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases(IOIBD),the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables while reducing the consumption of saturated,trans,dairy fat,additives,processed foods rich in maltodextrins,and artificial sweeteners containing sucralose or saccharine is recommended to CD patients.For patients with ulcerative colitis,the IOIBD recommends the increased intake of natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids and follows the same restrictive recommendations aimed at CD patients,with the possible inclusion of red meats.In conclusion,IBD is a complex and hetero-geneous disease,and future studies are needed to elucidate the influence of epigenetics on diet and microbiota in IBD patients.

关键词： Diet Genetics MicroRNAs gastrointestinal microbiome Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn’s disease

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Yemazhui(Herba Eupatorii Lindleyani)ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via modulation of the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein signaling pathway and intestinal flor

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期44卷 303-314页

作者： REN Li HAI Yang YANG Xue LUO Xianqin Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases College of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of Yemazhui(Herba Eupatorii Lindleyani,HEL)against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and explore its underlying mechanism in vivo.METHODS:The chemical constituents of HEL were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method.Then,HEL was found to suppress LPS-induced ALI in vivo.Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control,LPS,Dexamethasone(Dex),HEL low dose 6 g/kg(HEL-L),HEL medium dose 18 g/kg(HEL-M)and HEL high dose 54 g/kg(HEL-H)groups.The model rats were intratracheally injected with 3 mg/kg LPS to establish an ALI model.Leukocyte counts,lung wet/dry weight ratio,as well as myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity were determined followed by the detection with hematoxylin and eosin staining,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence.Besides,to explore the effect of HEL on ALI-mediated intestinal flora,we performed 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of intestinal contents.RESULTS:HEL attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in lung tissue and intestinal flora disturbance.Mechanism study indicated that HEL suppressed the lung coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio of LPS-induced ALI in rats,inhibited leukocytes exudation and MPO activity,and improved the pathological injury of lung tissue.In addition,HEL reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factoralpha,interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum,and inhibited nuclear displacement of nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κBp65).And 18 g/kg HEL also reduced the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88,NF-κBp65,phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B alpha(phospho-IκBα),nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3),IL-1β,and interleukin-18(IL-18)in lung tissue,and regulated intestinal flora disturbance.CONCLUSIONS:In summary,our findings revealed

关键词： Yemazhui(Herba Eupatorii Lindleyani) acute lung injury anti-inflammation toll-like receptor 4 nuclear factor kappa-B nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein signal transduction gastrointestinal microbiome

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Gut microbiota and differential genes-maintained homeostasis is key to maintaining health of individuals with Yang-deficiency constitution

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期42卷 96-101页

作者： ZHANG Huixiang WANG Limei GUO Jipeng WANG Jiai ZHANG Qianqian WANG Yutao LIU Xun ZHANG Lihuan SHI Lanlan WU Hongxiang CAO Xue Institute of Neuroscience Basic Medical CollegeKunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China Department of Laboratory Animal Science Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China Department of Laboratory Animal Science Kunming Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanYunnan UniversityKunming 650500Chin Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China School of Electrical and Information Technology Yunnan Minzu UniversityKunming 650500China School of Medicine Kunming UniversityKunming 650214China Basic Medical College Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyBasic Medical CollegeKunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China

OBJECTIVE:Yang-deficiency constitution(YADC)is a common unbalanced constitution that predisposes individuals to certain diseases.However,not all people with YADC manifest develop diseases.This calls for delineation of the underlying molecular mechanisms.Previous studies suggested that the gut microbiota and gene differential expression should be considered.METHODS:In the present study,we compared profiles of gut microbiota between four healthy YADC individuals and those of five healthy balanced constitution(BC)counterparts,based on 16 S r RNA gene sequence analysis.Furthermore,YADC relevant genes identified by comparing 62 healthy YADC and 58 healthy BC individuals in total to perform intersection analysis,functional clustering and pathway enrichment analyses.RESULTS:The levels of harmful gut microbiota(Prevotellaceae,LDA score>4.0,P=0.0141)and beneficial gut microbiota(Ruminococcaceae,LDA score>4.0,P=0.0025,Faecalibacterium,LDA score>4.0,P=0.0484)were both elevated in healthy YADC individuals.Also,we found that the specific metabolic pathway with 2,6-Dichloro-p-hydroquinone 1,2-Dioxygenase(Pcp A)as the core in gut microbiota and the glutathione transferase activity has been enriched by YADC relevant genes in healthy YADC individuals were both responsible for the detoxification of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon substances.CONCLUSIONS:Both beneficial and harmful factors had been detected in healthy YADC individuals,functionally,they may have triggered homeostasis to maintain the health of individuals with YADC.The homeostasis may be maintained by beneficial and harmful factors from gut flora and genes.Future studies are expected to focus on halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and their detoxification processes.

关键词： Yang deficiency physical constitution theory health promotion gastrointestinal microbiome genes hydrocarbons aromatic homeostasis

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Electroacupuncture at Tianshu(ST25) and Zusanli(ST36) alleviates stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modulating gut microbiota and corticotropin-releasing factor

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第5期42卷 732-740页

作者： SUN Mengzhu ZHANG Yujie SONG Yafang GUO Jing ZHAO Tingting WANG Yuhang PEI Lixia SUN Jianhua Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MeidicneNanjing 210023China Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether electroacupuncture(EA) at bilateral Tianshu(ST25) and Zusanli(ST36) acupoints could alleviate stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and evaluate its effect on gut microbiota and corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal, water avoidance stress(WAS), and WAS+EA groups(10 mice per group). An experimental model of IBS was established by exposing the animals to WAS. The mice were treated with EA at the bilateral Tianshu(ST25) and Zusanli(ST36) acupoints. The abdominal withdrawal reflex test was conducted to evaluate visceral sensitivity in IBS. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S r RNA sequencing and analysis. The expression of CRF was determined using immuneofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: EA alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in a mouse model of WAS-induced IBS. It modulated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by WAS. Moreover, it suppressed the WAS-induced overexpression of CRF in colon tissues. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that EA alleviated WAS-induced IBS via mechanisms possibly involving the modulation of the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and suppression of CRF expression.

关键词： electroacupuncture irritable bowel syndrome gastrointestinal microbiome corticotropin-releasing hormone

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Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels(Camelus ferus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 333-345页

作者： Liping YAN Liping TANG Zhichao ZHOU Wei LU Bo WANG Zhicheng SUN Xue JIANG Defu HU Junqing LI Dong ZHANG School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Gansu Endangered Animals Protection Center WuweiChina Administrative Bureau of Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve DunhuangChina

Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals.In this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics.The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels.These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment.Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.

关键词： adaptability energy utilization gastrointestinal microbiome metagenomics wild and captive wild Bactrian camel

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Integrated'omics analysis for the gut microbiota response to moxibustion in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023年第6期43卷 1176-1189页

作者： LI Chaoran YANG Yan FENG Chuwen LI Heng QU Yuanyuan WANG Yulin WANG Delong WANG Qingyong GUO Jing SHI Tianyu SUN Xiaowei WANG Xue HOU Yunlong SUN Zhongren YANG Tiansong Department of Acupuncture Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310000China Department of Chinese Medical Literature College of Basic MedicineHeilongjiang University of Chinese medicineHarbin 150040China Department of Rehabilitation the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Department of Acupuncture the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Graduate School the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Department of Acupuncture the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200233China Department of Acupuncture Chongqing Changshou District People's HospitalChongqing 401220China College of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hebei University of Chinese Medicineand National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese MedicineHebei 050000China Department of Rehabilitation the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicineand Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatics Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbin 150040China

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)and explore the effects on gut microbiota and metabolic profiles.METHODS:Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control group(Con),CFS model group(Mod,established by multiple chronic stress for 35 d),MoxA group(CFS model with moxibustion Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4),10 min/d,28 d)and MoxB group(CFS model with moxibustion Zusanli(ST36),10 min/d,28 d).Open-field test(OFT)and Morris-water-maze test(MWMT)were determined for assessment the CFS model and the therapeutic effects of moxibustion.16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis based gut microbiota integrated untargeted liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS)based fecal metabolomics were executed,as well as Spearman correlation analysis,was utilized to uncover the functional relevance between the potential metabolites and gut microbiota.RESULTS:The results of our behavioral tests showed that moxibustion improved the performance of CFS rats in the OFT and the MWMT.microbiome profiling analysis revealed that the gut microbiomes of CFS rats were less diverse with altered composition,including increases in pro-inflammatory species(such as Proteobacteria)and decreases in anti-inflammatory species(such as Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,Ruminococcus,and Prevotella).Moxibustion partially normalized these changes in the gut microbiota.Furthermore,CFS was associated with metabolic disorders,which were effectively ameliorated by moxibustion.This was demonstrated by the normalization of 33 microbiota-related metabolites,including mannose(P=0.001),aspartic acid(P=0.009),alanine(P=0.007),serine(P=0.000),threonine(P=0.027),methionine(P=0.023),5-hydroxytryptamine(P=0.008),alpha-linolenic acid(P=0.003),eicosapentaenoic acid(P=0.006),hypoxanthine(P=0.000),vitamin B6(P=0.000),cholic acid(P=0.013),and taurocholate(P=0.002).Correlation analysis showed a significant association between the perturbed fecal microbiota and metabolite levels,with a notable negative relations

关键词： moxibustion fatigue syndrome chronic gastrointestinal microbiome 16S rRNA gene sequencing metabolomics

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