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Optimization of sensor deployment sequences for hazardous gas leakage monitoring and source term estimation

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第4期56卷 169-179页

作者： Jikai Dong Bing Wang Xinjie Wang Chenxi Cao Shikuan Chen Wenli Du Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Nowadays, chemical safety has attracted considerable attention, and chemical gas leakage monitoring and source term estimation(STE) have become hot spots. However, few studies have focused on sensor layouts in scenarios with multiple potential leakage sources and wind conditions, and studies on the risk information(RI) detection and prioritization order of sensors have not been performed. In this work, the monitoring area of a chemical factory is divided into multiple rectangles with a uniform mesh. The RI value of each grid node is calculated on the basis of the occurrence probability and normalized concentrations of each leakage scenario. A high RI value indicates that a sensor at a grid node has a high chance of detecting gas concentrations in different leakage scenarios. This situation is beneficial for leakage monitoring and STE. The methods of similarity redundancy detection and the maximization of sensor RI detection are applied to determine the sequence of sensor locations. This study reveals that the RI detection of the optimal sensor layout with eight sensors exceeds that of the typical layout with 12 sensors. In addition, STE with the optimized placement sequence of the sensor layout is numerically simulated. The statistical results of each scenario with various numbers of sensors reveal that STE is affected by sensor number and scenarios(leakage locations and winds). In most scenarios, appropriate STE results can be retained under the optimal sensor layout even with four sensors. Eight or more sensors are advised to improve the performance of STE in all scenarios. Moreover, the reliability of the STE results in each scenario can be known in advance with a specific number of sensors. Such information thus provides a reference for emergency rescue.

关键词： gas leakage Source term estimation Sensor layout Risk information Numerical simulation Optimization

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gas leakage recognition for CO2 geological sequestration based on the time series neural network

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第9期28卷 2343-2357页

作者： Denglong Ma Jianmin Gao Zhiyong Gao Hongquan Jiang Zaoxiao Zhang Juntai Xie School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

The leakage of stored and transported CO2 is a risk for geological sequestration technology. One of the most challenging problems is to recognize and determine CO2 leakage signal in the complex atmosphere background. In this work, a time series model was proposed to forecast the atmospheric CO2 variation and the approximation error of the model was utilized to recognize the leakage. First, the fitting neural network trained with recently past CO2 data was applied to predict the daily atmospheric CO2. Further, the recurrent nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input(NARX) model was adopted to get more accurate prediction. Compared with fitting neural network, the approximation errors of NARX have a clearer baseline, and the abnormal leakage signal can be seized more easily even in small release cases. Hence, the fitting approximation of time series prediction model is a potential excellent method to capture atmospheric abnormal signal for CO2 storage and transportation technologies.

关键词： leakage identification Process safety gas leakage Monitoring carbon sequestration CO2 storage

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gas leakage mechanism in bedded salt rock storage cavern considering damaged interface

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Petroleum 2015年第4期1卷 366-372页

作者： Jun Xiong Xiaolan Huang Hongling Ma Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G2W2Canada School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsThe Chinese Academy of ScienceWuhan430071HubeiChina

During the long-time operation of salt rock storage cavern,between its formations,damaged interfaces induced by discontinuous creep deformations between adjacent layers will possibly lead to serious gas leakage.In this paper,damaged interfaces are considered as main potential leakage path:firstly in meso-level,gas flow rule along the interface is analyzed and the calculation of equivalent permeability is discussed.Then based on porous media seepage theory,gas leakage simulation model including salt rock,cavity interlayers and interface is built.With this strategy,it is possible to overcome the disadvantage of simulation burden with porous-fractured double medium.It also can provide the details of gas flowing along the damaged zones.Finally this proposal is applied to the salt cavern in Qianjian mines(East China).Under different operation pressures,gas distributions around two adjacent cavities are simulated;the evolvement of gas in the interlayers and salt rock is compared.From the results it is demonstrated that the domain of creep damage area has great influence on leakage range.And also the leakage in the interface will accelerate the development of leakage in salt rock.It is concluded that compared with observations,this new strategy provides closer answers.The simulation result proves its validity for the design and reasonable control of operating pressure and tightness evaluation of group bedded salt rock storage caverns.

关键词： Bedded salt rock gas leakage Equivalent permeability Numerical simulation

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Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第3期4卷 296-307页

作者： Xin Zhang LiFeng Zhang Key Laboratory of Earthquake Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Technology Guangdong Earthquake AgencyGuangzhou 510070China Qinghai Earthquake Agency Xining 810001China

Co-seismic gas leakage usually occurs on the edge of seismic faults in petroliferous basins,and it may have an impact on the local environment,such as the greenhouse effect,which can cause thermal infrared brightness anomalies.Using wavelet transform and power spectrum estimation methods,we processed brightness temperature data from the Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite FY-C/E.We report similarities between the co-seismic thermal infrared brightness(CTIB)anomalies before,during and after earthquakes that occurred at the edges of the Sichuan,Tarim,Qaidam,and Junggar basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in western China.Additionally,in each petroliferous basin,the area of a single CTIB anomaly accounted for 50%to 100%of the basin area,and the spatial distribution similarities in the CTIB anomalies existed before,during and after these earthquakes.To better interpret the similarities,we developed a basin warming effect model based on geological structures and topography.The model suggests that in a petroliferous basin with a subsurface gas reservoir,gas leakage could strengthen with the increasing stress before,during,and even after an earthquake.The accumulation of these gases,such as the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2,results in the CTIB anomalies.In addition,we conclude that the CTIB anomalies are strengthened by the high mountains(altitude^5000 m)around the basins and the basins’independent climatic conditions.This work provides a new perspective from which to understand the CTIB anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

关键词： co-seismic thermal infrared brightness(CTIB) relative power spectrum(RPS) gas leakage basin warming effect

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A Robust and Efficient Compressed Sensing Algorithm for Wideband Acoustic Imaging

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第6期33卷 77-92页

作者： Fangli Ning Zhe Liu Jiahao Song Feng Pan Pengcheng Han Juan Wei School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Dongguan Sanhang Military-Civil Integration Innovation Research Institute Dongguan523808China School of Communication Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China

Wideband acoustic imaging,which combines compressed sensing(CS)and microphone arrays,is widely used for locating acoustic sources.However,the location results of this method are unstable,and the computational efficiency is low.In this work,in order to improve the robustness and reduce the computational cost,a DCS-SOMP-SVD compressed sensing method,which combines the distributed compressed sensing using simultaneously orthogonal matching pursuit(DCS-SOMP)and singular value decomposition(SVD)is proposed.The performance of the DCS-SOMP-SVD is studied through both simulation and experiment.In the simulation,the locating results of the DCS-SOMP-SVD method are compared with the wideband BP method and the DCS-SOMP method.In terms of computational efficiency,the proposed method is as efficient as the DCS-SOMP method and more efficient than the wideband BP method.In terms of locating accuracy,the proposed method can still locate all sources when the signal to noise ratio(SNR)is−20 dB,while the wideband BP method and the DCS-SOMP method can only locate all sources when the SNR is higher than 0 dB.The performance of the proposed method can be improved by expanding the frequency range.Moreover,there is no extra source in the maps of the proposed method,even though the target sparsity is overestimated.Finally,a gas leak experiment is conducted to verify the feasibility of the DCS-SOMP-SVD method in the practical engineering environment.The experimental results show that the proposed method can locate both two leak sources in different frequency ranges.This research proposes a DCS-SOMP-SVD method which has sufficient robustness and low computational cost for wideband acoustic imaging.

关键词： Wideband acoustic imaging Compressed sensing Singular value decomposition Microphone array gas leakage

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Experimental and numerical investigation of gas diffusion under an urban underground construction

能源与人工环境(英文)

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第4期2卷 436-444页

作者： Kang Zhou Fei Li Hao Cai Yibin Yang Fusheng Peng Li Chen Junyi Zhuang Department of HVAC College of Urban ConstructionNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009P R China Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion&Impact of Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189P R China College of National Defense Engineering Army Engineering UniversityNanjing 210007P R China PLA Unit 96784 LuoyangHenan 471399P R China

Rapid increase of urban underground constructions has a great consideration of underground environment safety and how to expel toxic gasses out of tunnels effectively.The utility tunnel is a typical urban tunnel construction with multiple underground pipelines including gas pipelines,and it is necessary to investigate characteristic of gas diffusion and monitor gas leakage to ensure tunnel safety.In this study,the experimental measurements of airflow and gas distributions were conducted in a 10 m full-scaled utility tunnel mockup,and gas diffusion characteristic was also investigated.Numerical simulation of utility tunnel leakage was also conducted by computational fluid dynamics(CFD).Different turbulence models and different air supply diffuser models were compared via the experimental results based on visualization and the relative root-mean-square error(RRMSE)index,which quan-titated the difference between the numerical and experimental results.The results showed that the standard k−εturbulence model and random air opening model could provide better results than other models.According to the experimental data analysis,it was necessary to consider the optimization of monitoring detector arrangements in actual utility tunnels.This study provided basic experimental data and the validated numerical model for the leakage source identification and underground tunnels simulation research.

关键词： Urban tunnel gas leakage gas dispersion CFD Turbulence model Air supply diffuser

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Rock engineering problems related to underground hydrocarbon storage

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2010年第4期2卷 289-297页

作者： Ming Lu SINTEF Rock Engineering TrondheimNorway

Oil and gas can be stored underground by a variety of means,such as in depleted oil and gas fields,in aquifers,in rock salt caverns,in unlined mined rock caverns,in lined shallow caverns and abandoned mines.Different types of underground storages require different geological and hydrogeological conditions and are associated with different rock engineering problems.However,the common issue is to ensure the gas-and oil-tightness of storage caverns.In other words,the stored oil and gas must not escape from the storage caverns.This may be realized by different means according to the types of storages and the sites geological conditions.There are basically two approaches of gas leakage control,i.***.permeability control and hydrodynamic containment.The latter involves the use of a water curtain system in many cases,which creates an artificial hydraulic boundary condition and helps to establish the required groundwater condition when needed.In addition to the common problems,the underground storage of liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) requires special attentions to the opening of rock joints,which result from the tensile thermal stress induced by the low storage temperature.Great care must be taken in choosing abandoned mines for oil and gas-storage since it is quite rare that the natural site conditions can meet the usual requirements,in particular for the gas tightness.The paper provides a general description of the gas leakage control for underground oil and gas storage projects,and addresses various rock engineering problems associated with selected types of storages in detail.

关键词： oil storage gas storage rock cavern rock mechanics gas leakage

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gas Diffusion Optic Flow Calculation and Its Applications in gas Cloud Infrared Imaging

Gas Diffusion Optic Flow Calculation and Its Applications in...

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国防光电子论坛第二届新型探测技术及其应用研讨会

作者： Liu Shao-hua Luo Xiu-li Wang Ling-xue Cai Yi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Imaging Technology and System Beijing Institute of Technology Academy of ordnance science

Motion detection frequently employs Optic Flow to get the velocity of solid targets in imaging sequences. This paper suggests calculate the gas diffusion velocity in infrared gas leaking videos by optic flow algorithms. gas target is significantly different from solid objects, which has variable margin and gray values in diffusion. A series of tests with various scenes and leakage rate were performed to compare the effect of main stream methods, such as Farneback algorithm, PyrLK and BM algorithm. Farneback algorithm seems to have the best result in those tests. Besides, the robustness of methods used in uncooled infrared imaging may decline seriously for the low resolution, big noise and poor contrast ratio. This research adopted a special foreground detection method(FDM) and spectral filtering technique to address this issue. FDM firstly computes corresponding sample sets of each pixel, and uses the background based on the sets to make a correlation analysis with the current frame. Spectral filtering technique means get two or three images in different spectrum by band pass filters, and show a better result by mixing those images. In addition, for Optic Flow methods have ability to precisely detect directional motion and to ignore the nondirectional one, these methods could be employed to highlight the gas area and reduce the background noise. This paper offers a credible way for obtaining the diffusion velocity and resolves the robust troubles in practical application. In the meanwhile, it is an exploration of optic flow in varied shape target detection.

关键词： Infrared imaging Optic flow gas leakage diffusion velocity spectral filtering

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