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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak Matthew B.Myers Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University Oil and gas Innovation Centre Management State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373K） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

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Horizontal well spacing optimization and gas injection simulation for the ultra-low-permeability Yongjin reservoir

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 196-203页

作者： Yao Zhang Chengyuan Lv Zengmin Lun Shuxia Zhao Yingfu He Ran Gao SINOPEC Exploration and Production Research Institute BeijingChina

Optimal spacing for vertical wells can be effectively predicted with several published methods,but methods suitable for assessing the proper horizontal well spacing are *** work proposes a method for calculating the optimal horizontal well spacing for an ultra-low permeability reservoir e the Yongjin reservoir in the Juggar Basin,northwestern *** result shows that a spacing of 640m is the most economical for the development of the *** better develop the reservoir,simulation approaches are used and a new model is built based on the calculated well *** the reservoir has an ultralow permeability,gas injection is regarded as the preferred enhanced oil recovery(EOR)*** of different gases including carbon dioxide,methane,nitrogen and mixed gas are *** results show that carbon dioxide injection is the most efficient and economical for the development of the ***,if the reservoir produces enough methane,reinjecting methane is even better than injecting carbon dioxide.

关键词： Ultra-low-permeability reservoir Well spacing optimization Numerical simulation gas injection EOR

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CO_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)/N_(2)mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO_(2)geological storage

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第3期17卷 428-445页

作者： Jianfa WU Haoran HU Cheng CHANG Deliang ZHANG Jian ZHANG Shengxian ZHAO Bo WANG Qiushi ZHANG Yiming CHEN Fanhua ZENG Shale gas Research Institute Petro-China Southwest Oil and Gas-field CompanyChengdu 610051China Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of ReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada Department of Petroleum and Natural gas Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun 113001China

In this work,using fractured shale cores,isothermal adsorption experiments and core flooding tests were conducted to investigate the performance of injecting different gases to enhance shale gas recovery and CO_(2)geological storage efficiency under real reservoir *** adsorption process of shale to different gases was in agreement with the extended-Langmuir model,and the adsorption capacity of CO_(2)was the largest,followed by CH_(4),and that of N_(2)was the smallest of the three pure *** addition,when the CO_(2)concentration in the mixed gas exceeded 50%,the adsorption capacity of the mixed gas was greater than that of CH4,and had a strong competitive adsorption *** the core flooding tests,pure gas injection showed that the breakthrough time of CO_(2)was longer than that of N_(2),and the CH_(4)recovery factor at the breakthrough time(Rch,)was also higher than that of N_(2).The RcH of CO_(2)gas injection was approximately 44.09%,while the RcH,of N_(2)was only 31.63%.For CO_(2)/N_(2)mixed gas injection,with the increase of CO_(2)concentration,the RcH,increased,and the RcH,for mixed gas CO_(2)/N_(2)=8:2 was close to that of pure CO_(2),about 40.24%.Moreover,the breakthrough time of N_(2)in mixed gas was not much different from that when pure N_(2)was injected,while the breakthrough time of CO_(2)was prolonged,which indicated that with the increase of N_(2)concentration in the mixed gas,the breakthrough time of CO_(2)could be ***,an abnormal surge of N_(2)concentration in the produced gas was observed after N_(2)*** regards to CO_(2)storage efficiency(S_(Storage-CO_(2)),as the CO_(2)concentration increased,S storage-co_(2)also *** S storage-co_(2),of the pure CO_(2)gas injection was about 35.96%,while for mixed gas CO_(2)/N_(2)=8:2,S sorage-co,was about 32.28%.

关键词： shale gas gas injection competitive adsorption enhanced shale gas recovery CO_(2)geological storage

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gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:karst fault system

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Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 419-433页

作者： Zhao-Jie Song Meng Li Chuang Zhao Yu-Long Yang Ji-Rui Hou Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Beijing Key Laboratory of Greenhouse gas Sequestration and Oil Exploitation Beijing 102249China Basic Theory Laboratory of Improving Oil Recovery in Low Permeability Oilfields CNPC Tertiary Oil Recovery Key LaboratoryBeijing 102249China

gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir,but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy *** researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance,while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the *** this study,a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe *** fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were ***-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference,and its feasibility in the karst fault system was *** results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water *** injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas ***-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location,and thus,the oil recovery was further enhanced.

关键词： gas injection Remaining oil Enhanced oil recovery Geology-based physical model Karst fault system

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Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

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Rare Metals 2006年第6期25卷 659-664页

作者： YU Huashun CHEN Hongmei MA Rendian MIN Guanghui The Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 China

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon- and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas （N2 ＋ C2H2 ＋ NH3） with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

关键词： in situ composites gas injection aluminum nitride titanium carbide

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Research on High Pressure gas injection As a Method of Fueling, Disruption Mitigation and Plasma Termination for Future Tokamak Reactors

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第5期7卷 3057-3061页

作者：宋云涛 S.Nishio Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Fusion Plasma Research of Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteNaka-machi Naka-gun Ibaraki-ken 311-0193 Japan

High-pressure gas injection has proved to be an effective disruption mitigation tech- nique in DIII-D tokamak experiments. If the method can be applied in future tokamak reactors not only for disruption mitigation but also for plasma termination and fueling, it will have an attractive advantage over the pellet and liquid injection from the viewpoint of economy and engineering design. In order to investigate the feasibility of this option, a study has been carried out with relevant parameters for conveying tubes of different geometrical sizes and for different gases. These parameters include pressure drop, lagger time after the valve＇s opening, gas diffusion in an ultra-high vacuum condition, and particle number contour.

关键词： tokamak reactor disruption mitigation fueling gas injection

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Simulation Studies on Comparative Evaluation of Waterflooding and gas injection in Niger Delta Thin-Bed Reservoir

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Open Journal of Yangtze Oil and gas 2022年第1期7卷 65-83页

作者： Ubanozie Julian Obibuike Anthony Kerunwa Mathew Chidube Udechukwu Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme Department of Petroleum Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

There is a need to increase ultimate recovery from petroleum reservoirs. In order to guarantee efficient resource extraction from reservoirs, primary recovery methods cannot be relied on throughout the life of a well. There is a time in the life of a reservoir when the primary energy will not be sufficient to ensure economic recovery. Complete abandonment of the reservoir at this point may not be a sound engineering decision given the huge investments in developing the asset. Secondary recovery methods present potentials for the recovery of the other trapped resources. The choice of the secondary recovery means depends on the reservoir and geologic conditions and should be determined by modeling and simulation. In this work, a simulation study is conducted for Niger Delta Field ABX2 to determine the performance of water-flooding and gas injection in the recovery of the asset after the primary recovery stage. ECLIPSE Blackoil simulator was used for the modeling and simulation. An equal reservoir rectangular grid block was designed for both the waterflooding and water injection comprising a total of 750 grid cells. Water and gas were injected in both cases at an injection rate of 11,000 stb/d and 300,000 scf/d for waterflooding and gas injection respectively. From the results of the simulation, it was realized that waterflooding gave a higher total oil recovery than gas injection. The difference in oil recovery from water-flooding and gas injection amounted to 0.08 MMstb/d. The Field Oil Recovery Efficiency (FOE) for waterflooding and gas injection was 38% and 16% respectively giving a difference of 22%. The waterflooding method was troubled with excessive water cuts due to water breakthroughs. Waterflooding was chosen against gas injection to be applied to Field ABX2 to improve recovery after primary production ceased.

关键词： Waterflooding gas injection Simulation Recovery Efficiency Ultimate Recovery

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Lean HC gas injection pilots analysis and IPR back calculation to examine the impact of asphaltene deposition on flow performance

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Petroleum Research 2019年第1期4卷 84-95页

作者： Fahad I.Syed Mohamed Boukhatem Ahmed A.Al Kiyoumi Abu Dhabi National Oil Company(ADNOC)Offshore Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

gas injection is one of the most economical and effective approach to improve oil ***,outcome of such approach is contingent to reservoir heterogeneities impacting gas override and ***,injected fluid composition and its compatibility with the reservoir fluid potentially impact flow assurance issues such as asphaltene precipitation into the wellbore and surface *** objective of this paper is to examine the lesson learnt from a couple of field scale 5 spot patterned lean hydrocarbon gas injection pilots which were deployed in a heterogeneous carbonate formation of a giant field located offshore Abu Dhabi under secondary and tertiary drive *** pilots provides a valuable insight on production performance,pressure support,gravity override,fluid composition and evidence of asphaltene deposition that resulted in heavy production loss prior to the solvent *** paper presents the overall pilot performance including pattern recovery,fluid front movement,potential role of heterogeneity in gas breakthrough timings and the operational events to witness asphaltene deposition affecting the flow *** deposited asphaltene cake thickness was measured mechanically during routine tubing clearance check operation that was helpful in estimating production loss due to altered production tubing flow *** an integrated approach is applied to confirm the AOP laboratory measurements with the actual deposits of asphaltene that were found in to the production *** order to confirm the effect of asphaltene deposition on inflow from near wellbore formation to the wellbore,a straightforward yet innovative nodal analysis approach was applied to study well performance using the calibrated and history matched well *** was noticed that not only the outflow was altered because of asphaltene deposition into wellbore but also the inflow(productivity index)was seriously impacted potentially due to asphaltene depos

关键词： gas injection Well performance Asphaltene deposition Formation damage

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Progress and prospects of EOR technology in deep,massive sandstone reservoirs with a strong bottom-water drive

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 249-255页

作者： Haiying Liao Ting Xu Hongmin Yu SINOPEC Exploration&Production Research Institute Beijing100083China

The Triassic massive sandstone reservoir in the Tahe oilfield has a strong bottom-water drive and is characterized by great burial depth,high temperature and salinity,a thin pay zone,and strong *** present,the water-cut is high in each block within the reservoir;some wells are at an ultrahigh water-cut stage.A lack of effective measures to control water-cut rise and stabilize oil production have necessitated the application of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)*** paper investigates the development and technological advances for oil reservoirs with strong edge/bottom-water drive globally,and compares their application to reservoirs with characteristics similar to the Tahe *** the technological advances,gas injection from the top and along the direction of structural dip has been used to optimize the flow field in a typical bottom-water drive ***-water coning is restrained by gas injection-assisted water *** addition,increasing the lateral driving pressure differential improves the plane sweep efficiency which enhances oil recovery in *** injection technology in combination with technological measures like channeling prevention and blocking,and water plugging and profile control,can achieve better results in reservoir *** flooding tests in the Tahe oilfield are of great significance to identifying which EOR technology is the most effective and has the potential of large-scale application for improving development of deep reservoirs with a strong bottomwater drive.

关键词： Edge water Bottom water Water coning Massive reservoir Water injection gas injection

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Laboratory to field scale assessment for EOR applicability in tight oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2131-2149页

作者： Fahad Iqbal Syed Amirmasoud Kalantari Dahaghi Temoor Muther Center for Net Carbon Zero GeoEnergy Intelligence and Sustainability(C0GEiS) USA The University of Kansas School of EngineeringChemical and Petroleum Engineering1450 Jayhawk Blvd.LawrenceKS66045USA

Tight oil reservoirs are contributing a major role to fulfill the overall crude oil needs,especially in the ***,the dilemma is their ultra-tight permeability and an uneconomically short-lived primary recovery ***,the application of EOR in the early reservoir development phase is considered effective for fast-paced and economical tight oil *** achieve these objectives,it is imperative to determine the optimum EOR potential and the best-suited EOR application for every individual tight oil reservoir to maximize its ultimate recovery *** most of the tight oil reservoirs are found in wide spatial source rock with complex and compacted pores and poor geophysical properties yet they hold high saturation of good quality oil and therefore,every single percent increase in oil recovery from such huge reservoirs potentially provide an additional million barrels of ***,the EOR application in such reservoirs is quite ***,the physical understanding of EOR applications in different circumstances from laboratory to field scale is the key to success and similarly,the fundamental physical concepts of fluid flow-dynamics under confinement conditions play an important *** paper presents a detailed discussion on laboratory-based experimental achievements at micro-scale including fundamental concepts under confinement environment,physics-based numerical studies,and recent actual field piloting experiences based on the *** *** objective of this paper is to discuss all the critical reservoir rock and fluid properties and their contribution to reservoir development through massive multi-staged hydraulic fracture networks and the EOR *** the CO_(2)and produced hydrocarbon gas injection through single well-based huff-n-puff operational constraints are discussed in detail both at micro and macro scale.

关键词： UEOR UEOR pilots Shale oil Tight oil reservoir gas injection Hydraulic fracture Huff-n-puff

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