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Linear-quadratic and norm-bounded differential game combined guidance strategy against active defense aircraft in three-player engagement

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第8期36卷 331-350页

作者： Tao CHAO Xintao WANG Songyan WANG Ming YANG Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China

A new type of guidance strategy, combining linear quadratic and norm-bounded game theory, is proposed for the scenario of an attacker against active defense aircraft in three-player engagement. The problem involves three players, an attacker, a defender and a target. The differential game theory and the solution of Hamiltonian equation are utilized to obtain the combined guidance strategy for each player with arbitrary-order dynamics. The game process is divided into4 phases, C1-C4, according to the switching time. The linear quadratic differential game guidance scheme is employed to reduce the fuel cost in the game parts of C1 and C3. The norm-bounded game guidance strategy is adopted to satisfy the constraint of control input in the game stages C2 and C4. Furthermore, zero-effort miss distance is introduced to meet the constraints of game space and defender’s killing radius in the guidance strategy, which guarantees that the attacker is able to avoid the interception of the defender and hit the target with lower fuel cost and maximum acceleration. And it is proved that the proposed guidance strategy satisfies the Nash equilibrium condition. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of combined guidance strategy are respectively illustrated by nonlinear numerical simulation and verified by comparing with linear quadratic and norm-bounded differential game guidance strategies.

关键词： Activedefense aircraft Acceleration Energy optimization game theory Three-player engagement

Safe, Efficient and Socially‑Compatible Decision of Automated Vehicles: A Case Study of Unsignalized Intersection Driving

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第2期6卷 281-296页

作者： Daofei Li Ao Liu Hao Pan Wentao Chen Institute of Power Machinery and Vehicular Engineering Faculty of EngineeringZhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadXihu DistrictHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina

Safe and smooth interaction between other vehicles is one of the ultimate goals of driving automation.However,recent reports of demonstrative deployments of automated vehicles(AVs)indicate that AVs are still difficult to meet the expecta-tion of other interacting drivers,which leads to several AV accidents involving human-driven vehicles(HVs)without the understanding about the dynamic interaction process.By investigating 4300 video clips of traffic accidents,it is found that the limited dynamic visual field of drivers is one leading factor in inter-vehicle interaction accidents.A game-theoretic decision algorithm considering social compatibility is proposed to handle the interaction with a human-driven truck at an unsignalized intersection.Starting from a probabilistic model for the visual field characteristics of truck drivers,social fit-ness and reciprocal altruism in the decision are incorporated in the game payoff design.Human-in-the-loop experiments are carried out,in which 24 subjects are invited to drive and interact with AVs deployed with the proposed algorithm and two comparison algorithms.Totally,207 cases of intersection interactions are obtained and analyzed,which shows that the proposed decision-making algorithm can improve both safety and time efficiency,and make AV decisions more in line with the expectation of interacting human drivers.These findings can help inform the design of automated driving decision algorithms,to ensure that AVs can be safely and efficiently integrated into the human-dominated traffic.

关键词： Automated driving Social compatibility game theory Interactive driving Unsignalized intersection

Work on“game theory”Wins Nobel Prize for Two Economists

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中小学外语教学(中学篇) 2006年第3期 37-38页

作者：邹国如江西新干中学

American Thomas Schelling and Israeli-American Robert Aumann will share the 2005 Nobel Prize in economics.Both men have great-ly influenced the way conflict and business nego-tiations are carried out.The two men are being honored for theirwork in developing an economic idea.It iscalled game theory.game theory began as the study of deci-sion-making in competitive situations,like games.

关键词： game theory Wins Nobel Prize for Two Economists Work on

Insurance Plan for Service Assurance in Cloud Computing Market with Incomplete Information

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2022年第1期7卷 11-22页

作者： Yanru Zhang Chunxiao Jiang Nguyen H.Tran Shengrong Bu FeiRichard Yu Zhu Han College of Computer Science and Engineering the University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study UESTCLonghuaShenzhen 518110China Tsinghua Space Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 10084China School of Computer Science the University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Engineering Brock UniversityONCanada School of Information Technology Depart.of Systems and Computer EngineeringCarleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6ONCanada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of HoustonHouston 77004TXUSA

Nowadays,cloud computing has been identified as new opportunities for migrating to the expected agility,reuse,and adaptive capabilities that can support the ever changing IT trends and requirements.Unfortunately,the rapid evolution of those technologies also comes with open issues such as security,privacy,integrity,quality of services,and their possible detrimental consequences.In this work,the concept of insurance is introduced to compensate the cloud computing customers when encountering those failures if service providers(SPs)have insurance purchased.Particularly,we consider the situation when the insurer is unable to see the system failure risk levels of the SPs,which is usually seen as an incomplete information market,in contrast with the optimal situation in a complete information market.First,an insurance-based cloud computing architecture is proposed to build a monetary credit system in which the cloud computing SP pays a premium for a certain coverage to the insurer.Subsequently,problem is formulated to solve the optimal insurance plan in complete and incomplete information markets,together with detail analysis of insurance policies in both cases are provided.Furthermore,simulation results show the properties of the two insurance plans and parameters that affect the design of the insurance plan.

关键词： service assurance cloud computing market incomplete information game theory insurance plan

Enhanced Parallelized DNA-Coded Stream Cipher Based on Multiplayer Prisoners’Dilemma

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 2685-2704页

作者： Khaled M.Suwais Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open UniversityRiyadh11681Saudi Arabia

Data encryption is essential in securing exchanged data between connected parties.Encryption is the process of transforming readable text into scrambled,unreadable text using secure keys.Stream ciphers are one type of an encryption algorithm that relies on only one key for decryption and as well as encryption.Many existing encryption algorithms are developed based on either a mathematical foundation or on other biological,social or physical behaviours.One technique is to utilise the behavioural aspects of game theory in a stream cipher.In this paper,we introduce an enhanced Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-coded stream cipher based on an iterated n-player prisoner’s dilemma paradigm.Our main goal is to contribute to adding more layers of randomness to the behaviour of the keystream generation process;these layers are inspired by the behaviour of multiple players playing a prisoner’s dilemma game.We implement parallelism to compensate for the additional processing time that may result fromadding these extra layers of randomness.The results show that our enhanced design passes the statistical tests and achieves an encryption throughput of about 1,877 Mbit/s,which makes it a feasible secure stream cipher.

关键词： Encryption game theory DNA cryptography stream cipher parallel computing

A Review of the Current Task Offloading Algorithms,Strategies and Approach in Edge Computing Systems

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工程与科学中的计算机建模（英文） 2023年第1期134卷 35-88页

作者： Abednego Acheampong Yiwen Zhang Xiaolong Xu Daniel Appiah Kumah School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Task offloading is an important concept for edge computing and the Internet of Things(IoT)because computationintensive tasksmust beoffloaded tomore resource-powerful remote devices.Taskoffloading has several advantages,including increased battery life,lower latency,and better application performance.A task offloading method determines whether sections of the full application should be run locally or offloaded for execution remotely.The offloading choice problem is influenced by several factors,including application properties,network conditions,hardware features,and mobility,influencing the offloading system’s operational environment.This study provides a thorough examination of current task offloading and resource allocation in edge computing,covering offloading strategies,algorithms,and factors that influence offloading.Full offloading and partial offloading strategies are the two types of offloading strategies.The algorithms for task offloading and resource allocation are then categorized into two parts:machine learning algorithms and non-machine learning algorithms.We examine and elaborate on algorithms like Supervised Learning,Unsupervised Learning,and Reinforcement Learning(RL)under machine learning.Under the non-machine learning algorithm,we elaborate on algorithms like non(convex)optimization,Lyapunov optimization,game theory,Heuristic Algorithm,Dynamic Voltage Scaling,Gibbs Sampling,and Generalized Benders Decomposition(GBD).Finally,we highlight and discuss some research challenges and issues in edge computing.

关键词： Task offloading machine learning algorithm game theory dynamic voltage scaling

Secure Downlink Transmission Strategies against Active Eavesdropping in NOMA Systems:A Zero-Sum game Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 531-553页

作者： Yanqiu Chen Xiaopeng Ji School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Non-orthogonal multiple access technology(NOMA),as a potentially promising technology in the 5G/B5G era,suffers fromubiquitous security threats due to the broadcast nature of the wirelessmedium.In this paper,we focus on artificial-signal-assisted and relay-assisted secure downlink transmission schemes against external eavesdropping in the context of physical layer security,respectively.To characterize the non-cooperative confrontation around the secrecy rate between the legitimate communication party and the eavesdropper,their interactions are modeled as a two-person zero-sum game.The existence of the Nash equilibrium of the proposed game models is proved,and the pure strategyNash equilibriumand mixed-strategyNash equilibriumprofiles in the two schemes are solved and analyzed,respectively.The numerical simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results,and showthat the two schemes improve the secrecy rate and further enhance the physical layer security performance of NOMA systems.

关键词： Non-orthogonalmultiple access technology(NOMA) physical layer security game theory nash equilibrium zerosum game

MF2-DMTD: A Formalism and game-Based Reasoning Framework for Optimized Drone-Type Moving Target Defense

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2595-2628页

作者： Sang Seo Jaeyeon Lee Byeongjin Kim Woojin Lee Dohoon Kim Solution Laboratory NSHC Co.Ltd.Seoul-si186Korea Cyber Battlefield Team Hanwha Systems Co.Ltd.Seongnam-siPangyoyeok-ro188Korea Department of Computer Science Kyonggi UniversitySuwon-si16227Korea

Moving-target-defense(MTD)fundamentally avoids an illegal initial compromise by asymmetrically increasing the uncertainty as the attack surface of the observable defender changes depending on spatial-temporal mutations.However,the existing naive MTD studies were conducted focusing only on wired network mutations.And these cases have also been no formal research on wireless aircraft domains with attributes that are extremely unfavorable to embedded system operations,such as hostility,mobility,and dependency.Therefore,to solve these conceptual limitations,this study proposes normalized drone-type MTD that maximizes defender superiority by mutating the unique fingerprints of wireless drones and that optimizes the period-based mutation principle to adaptively secure the sustainability of drone operations.In addition,this study also specifies MF2-DMTD(model-checkingbased formal framework for drone-type MTD),a formal framework that adopts model-checking and zero-sum game,for attack-defense simulation and performance evaluation of drone-type MTD.Subsequently,by applying the proposed models,the optimization of deceptive defense performance of drone-type MTD for each mutation period also additionally achieves through mixed-integer quadratic constrained programming(MIQCP)and multiobjective optimization-based Pareto frontier.As a result,the optimal mutation cycles in drone-type MTD were derived as(65,120,85)for each control-mobility,telecommunication,and payload component configured inside the drone.And the optimal MTD cycles for each swarming cluster,ground control station(GCS),and zone service provider(ZSP)deployed outside the drone were also additionally calculated as(70,60,85),respectively.To the best of these authors’knowledge,this study is the first to calculate the deceptive efficiency and functional continuity of the MTD against drones and to normalize the trade-off according to a sensitivity analysis with the optimum.

关键词： Moving-target-defense(MTD) drone formal methods game theory

Cybertwin-Assisted Mode Selection in Ultra-Dense LEO Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Network

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2022年第4期7卷 360-374页

作者： Xin Zhang Bo Qian Xiaohan Qin Ting Ma Jiachen Chen Haibo Zhou Xuemin(Sherman)Shen School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Laboratory Shenzhen 518000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Ultra-dense low earth orbit(LEO)integrated satellite-terrestrial network(ULISTN)has become an emerging paradigm to support massive access of Internet of things(IoT)in beyond fifth generation mobile networks(B5G).In ULISTN,there are two communication modes:cellular mode and satellite mode,where IoT users assessing terrestrial small base stations(TSBSs)and terrestrial-satellite terminals(TSTs)respectively.However,how to optimize the network performance and guarantee self-interests of the operator and IoT users in ULISTN is a challenging issue.In this paper,we propose a cybertwin-assisted joint mode selection and dynamic pricing(JMSDP)scheme for effective network management in ULISTN,where cybertwin serves as the intelligent agent.In JMSDP,the operator determines optimal access prices of TSBSs and TSTs,while each user selects the access mode according to access prices.Specifically,the operator conducts the Stackelberg game aiming at maximizing average throughput depending on the mode selection results of IoT users.Meanwhile,IoT users as followers adopt the evolutionary game to choose an access mode based on the access prices provided by the operator.Simulation results show that the proposed JMSDP can improve the average throughput and reduce the delay effectively,comparing with random access(RA)and maximum rate access.

关键词： ULISTN massive IoT cybertwin mode selection dynamic pricing game theory