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gallbladder Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Presenting as Acute Cholecystitis

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2012年第3期24卷 249-252页

作者： Yu-Sook Jeong Hye-Suk Han Sung-Nam Lim Mi-Jin Kim Joung-Ho Han Min-Ho Kang Dong-Hee Ryu Ok-Jun Lee Ki-Hyeong Lee Seung-Taik Kim Department of Internal Medicine College of MedicineChungbuk National University Department of Radiology College of MedicineChungbuk National University Department of Surgery College of MedicineChungbuk National University Department of Pathology College of MedicineChungbuk National University Department of Internal Medicine College of MedicineChungbuk National University

Although non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） can metastasize to almost any organ, metastasis to the gallbladder with significant clinical manifestation is relatively rare. Here, we report a case of gallbladder metastasis of NSCLC presenting as acute cholecystitis. A 79-year-old man presented with pain in the right upper quadrant and fever. A computed tomography （CT） scan of the chest and abdomen showed a cavitary mass in the right lower lobe of the lung and irregular wall thickening of the gallbladder. Open cholecystectomy and needle biopsy of the lung mass were performed. Histological examination of the gallbladder revealed a moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma displaying the same morphology as the lung mass assessed by needle biopsy. Subsequent immunohistochemical examination of the gallbladder and lung tissue showed that the tumor cells were positive for P63 but negative for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and thyroid transcription factor-1. A second primary tumor of the gallbladder was excluded by immunohistochemical methods, and the final pathological diagnosis was gallbladder metastasis of NSCLC. Although the incidence is extremely rare, acute cholecystitis can occur in association with lung cancer metastasis to the gallbladder.

关键词： Cholecystitis gallbladder Non-small cell lung cancer Metastasis

gallbladder carcinoid masquerading as gallbladder carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第3期8卷 326-328页

作者： Mallika Tewari Vinay Kumar Raghvendra Raman Mishra Hari S Shukla Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu University

BACKGROUND:Carcinoid of the gallbladder is rare.Since it often presents as a gallbladder mass it may be confused with gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS:A 35-year-old lady presented with pain in the right upper abdomen,and was radiologically found to have a gallbladder mass.A provisional diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma was made.Laparotomy revealed a 20×20 cm, exophytic,friable growth arising from the fundus of the gallbladder.It was excised with segmentⅣb andⅤof the liver and regional lymphadenectomy. RESULT:Histopathological examination revealed it was a neuroendocrine carcinoma,atypical carcinoid of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION:gallbladder carcinoid has a poor outcome, requires aggressive treatment,and should be considered as one of the rare but possible gallbladder lesions.

关键词： carcinoid gallbladder carcinoma,gallbladder

gallbladder carcinoma in a pregnant patient with Crohn's disease complicated with gallbladder involvement

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2013年第2期5卷 29-33页

作者： Shada Attraplsi Rima M Shobar Ihab Lamzabi Rana Abraham Graduate College Rush University Department of Pathology Rush University Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Rush University

Primary gallbladder (GB) carcinoma and Crohn's disease (CD) of the GB are individually rare. We present a case of a pregnant woman with CD found to have GB involvement and primary GB carcinoma. A 34-year-old female at 6 wk gestation with a 21 year history of CD of uncertain extent presented with 3 mo of diarrhea, urgency and abdominal pain. During work-up, she was found to have elevated transaminases and an abnormal alkaline phosphatase. Imaging revealed two gallbladder polyps both greater than 1 cm in size. Resection and histological evaluation was consistent with Crohn's involvement of the GB, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the GB with invasion through the muscularis propria and matted lymph nodes in the porta hepatis positive for metastatic carcinoma (stage pT2N1). Six cases of CD involving the GB, two cases of primary GB carcinoma in CD, and ten cases of cholangiocarcinoma in pregnancy have been published.This is the only case that describes all three factors. Common features in CD of the GB include acute cholecystitis, ileal involvement, and presence independent of active intestinal disease. Common features in CD patients with GB malignancy include younger age of detection, a long history of CD, extensive colonic and ileal involvement of disease, the absence of cholelithiasis, and pre-existing gallbladder disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis and gallbladder polyps). Pregnancy is specific to this case. The role of CD in the development of GB malignancy is not well understood nor is the contribution of pregnancy to the spread of disease. Chronic inflammation and immunosuppression compounded by hormonal influence is implicated.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Cholangiocarcinoma gallbladder gallbladder carcinoma Inflammatory bowel disease

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gallbladder volvulus

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第2期10卷 249-253,I0003,I0004页

作者： Laureline Moser Gaëtan-Romain Joliat Parissa Tabrizian Luca Di Mare David Petermann Nermin Halkic Nicolas Demartines Ismail Labgaa Department of General and Visceral Surgery EHC HospitalMorgesSwitzerland Department of Visceral Surgery Lausanne University Hospital CHUVLausanneSwitzerland Department of Liver Surgery Recanati/Miller Transplantation InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA

Background Like colon or stomach,gallbladder can twist,leading to a volvulus;an entity first described by Wendel in 1898(1).gallbladder volvulus(GV)is a relatively rare disease occurring when the gallbladder rotates on its own axis,along the cystic duct(Figure 1).Different types of rotation have been described:incomplete vs.complete(≤180°vs.>180°)and clockwise vs.anticlockwise(2).As the rotation might involve the cystic artery,blood supply may be compromised,resulting in ischemia and eventually necrosis.GV constitutes an acute abdominal condition associated with poor outcomes,if not diagnosed and treated in time.

关键词： stomach gallbladder acute

Role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5395-5404页

作者： Gopal Nath Anil K Gulati Vijay K Shukla Department of Microbiology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of General Surgery Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University

Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, infections, and life style factors has been proposed to be responsible for carcinogenesis of gallbladder. Persistence of infection leading to chronic inflammation, and production of certain toxins and metabolites with carcinogenic potentials, by certain bacteria has been speculated to be involved in the transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. Therefore, any bacteria that have evolved to acquire both of the above carcinogenic mechanisms can cause cancer. Salmonella typhi has been found to be prominently associated with CaGB. Chronic typhoid carriage (persistence) and production of mediators of chronic infl ammation and a genotoxic toxin (cytotoxic distending toxin, CdtB) are also known for this bacterium. Furthermore, the natural concentrating function of the gallbladder might amplify the carcinogenic effect of the mediators of carcinogenesis. In addition to S. typhi, certain species of Helicobacter (H. bilis and H. hepaticus) and Escherichia coli have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. As the isolation rate is verypoor with the presently available culture techniques, the existence of bacteria in a viable but non-cultivable state is quite likely; therefore, sensitive and specif ic molecular techniques might reveal the etiological role of bacterial infection in gallbladder carcinogenesis. If bacteria are found to be causing cancers, then eradication of such infections might help in reducing the incidence of some cancers.

关键词： Bacteria Chronic infl ammation Carcinogen Bacterial toxins Carcinoma gallbladder DNA damage

Helicobacter species and common gut bacterial DNA in gallbladder with cholecystitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 4817-4822页

作者： Peren H Karagin Unne Stenram Torkel Wadstrm sa Ljungh Peren H Karagin Torkel Wadstrmsa Ljungh Department of Medical MicrobiologyLund University Department of Pathology Lund University Peren H Karagin Torkel Wadstrmsa LjunghDepartment of Medical MicrobiologyLund University

AIM:To analyze the association between Helicobacter spp. and some common gut bacteria in patients with cholecystitis. METHODS:A nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), specif ic to 16S rRNA of Helicobacter spp. was performed on paraff in-embedded gallbladder samples of 100 cholecystitis and 102 control cases. The samples were also analyzed for some common gut bacteria by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for species identif ication. RESULTS: Helicobacter DNA was found in seven out of 100 cases of acute and chronic cholecystitis. Sequence analysis displayed Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) in six cases and Helicobacter pylori in one; H. pullorum was only found in cases with metaplasia. Control sam-ples were negative for Helicobacter spp. and some common gut bacteria. There was a signif icant difference (P=0.007) between cholecystitis and control samples for Helicobacter DNA.CONCLUSION:A possible relationship was detected between Helicobacter DNA and cholecystitis. Further serological and immunohistochemical studies are needed to support these data.

关键词： Helicobacter gallbladder Cholecystitis 16S rRNA Polymerase chain reaction

Whole-exome mutational landscape of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第3期6卷 897-908页

作者： Fatao Liu Yongsheng Li Dongjian Ying Shimei Qiu Yong He Maoian Li Yun Liu Yijian Zhang Qin Zhu Yunping Hu Liguo Liu Guoqiang Li Weihua Pan Wei Jin Jiasheng Mu Yang Cao Yingbin Liu Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineYangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Yangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes ShanghaiChina Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease Yangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboZhejiang 315040China Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery Ganzhou hospital affiliated to Nanchang universityJiangxi 341000China Department of Pediatric Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineYangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China Information and Big Data Center Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineYangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China Department of Surgery Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310009China Department of Gastric Surgery Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310022China

Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)of the gallbladder(GB-NEC)is a rare but extremely malignant subtype of gallbladder cancer(GBC).The genetic and molecular signatures of GB-NEC are poorly understood;thus,molecular targeting is currently unavailable.Inthe present study,we applied whole-exome sequencing(WES)technology to detect gene mutations and predicted somatic singlenucleotide variants(SNVs)in 15 cases of GB-NEC and 22 cases of general GBC.in 15 GB-NECs,the C>T mutation was predominantamong the 6 types of SNVs.TP53 showed the highest mutation frequency(73%,11/15).Compared with neuroendocrine carcinomasof other organs,signifcantly mutated genes(SMGs)in GB-NECs were more similar to those in pulmonary large-cell euroendocrinecarcinomas(LCNECs),with drver roles for TP53 and RB1.Iin the COSMIC database of cancer-related genes,211 genes were mutated.Strikingly,RB1(4/15,27%)and NAB2(3/15,20%)mutations were found specifically in GB-NECs;in contrast,mutations in 29 genes,including ERB82 and ERBB3,were identified exclusively in GBC.Mutations in RB1 and NAB2 were significanty related to downregulation of the RB1 and NAB2 proteins,respectively,according to immunohistochemical(IHC)data(p values=0.0453 and0.0303).Clinically actionable genes indicated 23 mutated genes,including ALK,BRCA1,and BRCA2.Iin addition,potential somaticSNVs predicted by ISowN and SomVarlUS constituted 6 primary coSMIC mutation signatures(1,3,30,6,7,and 13)in GB-NEC.Genes carrying somatic SNVs were enriched mainly in oncogenic signaling pathways involving the Notch,WNT,Hippo,and RTK-RASpathways.In summary,we have systematically identified the mutation landscape of GB-NEC,and these findings may providemechanistic insights into the specifc pathogenesis of this deadly disease.

关键词： gallbladder carcinomas organs

Corrigendum:Topoisomerase Ⅱ alpha promotes gallbladder cancer proliferation and metastasis through activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第24期135卷 3024-3024,F0003页

Following the original article’s publication,^([1])the authors informed us of the following errors:The Figure 5 was submitted incorrectly,while correct Figure 5 should be submitted as following.

关键词： metastasis Figure gallbladder

Estimating survival benefit of adjuvant therapy based on a Bayesian network prediction model in curatively resected advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第37期25卷 5655-5666页

作者： Zhi-Min Geng Zhi-Qiang Cai Zhen Zhang Zhao-Hui Tang Feng Xue Chen Chen Dong Zhang Qi Li Rui Zhang Wen-Zhi Li Lin Wang Shu-Bin Si Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Industrial Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200092China

BACKGROUND The factors affecting the prognosis and role of adjuvant therapy in advanced gallbladder carcinoma(GBC)after curative resection remain unclear.AIM To provide a survival prediction model to patients with GBC as well as to identify the role of adjuvant therapy.METHODS Patients with curatively resected advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma(T3 and T4)were selected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database between 2004 and 2015.A survival prediction model based on Bayesian network(BN)was constructed using the tree-augmented na?ve Bayes algorithm,and composite importance measures were applied to rank the influence of factors on survival.The dataset was divided into a training dataset to establish the BN model and a testing dataset to test the model randomly at a ratio of 7:3.The confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the model accuracy.RESULTS A total of 818 patients met the inclusion criteria.The median survival time was 9.0 mo.The accuracy of BN model was 69.67%,and the area under the curve value for the testing dataset was 77.72%.Adjuvant radiation,adjuvant chemotherapy(CTx),T stage,scope of regional lymph node surgery,and radiation sequence were ranked as the top five prognostic factors.A survival prediction table was established based on T stage,N stage,adjuvant radiotherapy(XRT),and CTx.The distribution of the survival time(>9.0 mo)was affected by different treatments with the order of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(cXRT)>adjuvant radiation>adjuvant chemotherapy>surgery alone.For patients with node-positive disease,the larger benefit predicted by the model is adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.The survival analysis showed that there was a significant difference among the different adjuvant therapy groups(log rank,surgery alone vs CTx,P<0.001;surgery alone vs XRT,P=0.014;surgery alone vs cXRT,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The BN-based survival prediction model can be used as a decision-making support tool for advanced GBC patients.Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is expec

关键词： gallbladder carcinoma Bayesian network Surgery Adjuvant therapy Prediction model