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Zhangmu and Gyirong ports under the threat of glacial lake outburst flood

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第6期12卷 461-476页

作者： MiaoMiao Qi ShiYin Liu YongPeng Gao Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

The Himalayas are prone to glacial lake outburst floods,which can pose a severe threat to downstream villages and *** Zhangmu and Gyirong land treaty ports are located on the China-Nepal border in the central *** recent years,the expansion of glacial lakes has increased the threat of these two port *** article describes the results of mapping the glacial lakes larger than 0.01 km^2 in the Zhangmu and Gyirong port regions and analyzes their *** provides a comprehensive assessment of potentially dangerous glacial lakes and predicts the development of future glacial *** 1988 to 2019,the glacial lakes in these port regions underwent"expansion",and moraine-dammed lakes show the most significant expansion trend.A total of eleven potentially dangerous glacial lakes are identified based on the assessment criteria and historical outburst events;most expanded by more than 150%from 1988 to 2019,with some by over 500%.The Cirenmaco,a moraine-dammed lake,is extremely prone to overtopping due to ice avalanches or the melting of dead ice in the *** other large lakes,such as the Jialongco,Gangxico and Galongco,ice avalanches may likely cause the lakes to burst besides self-destructive *** potential dangers of the Youmojianco glacial lakes,including lakes Nos.9,10 and 11,will increase in the *** addition,the glacier-bed topography model predicts that 113 glacial lakes with a size larger than 0.01 km^2,a total area of 11.88 km2 and a total volume of 6.37×10^9 m^3 will form in the study area by the end of the 21 *** to global warming,the glacial lakes in the Zhangmu and Gyirong port regions will continue to grow in the short term,and hence the risk of glacial lake outburst floods will increase.

关键词： Zhangmu and Gyirong ports glacier lake expansion potentially dangerous glacial lakes future lake development

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