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Effects of plastic sheet on water saving and yield under furrow irrigation method in semi-arid region

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 172-177页

作者： Muhammad Sohail Memon Kausar Ali Altaf Ali Siyal Jun Guo Shamim Ara Memon Shakeel Ahmed Soomro Noreena Memon Changying Ji College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam 70060Pakistan U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water(USPCAS-W) Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroSindh 76062Pakistan Yancheng Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Yancheng 224005China

The increasing demand of water in the country highlights the need to introduce low-input and water saving technologies for agricultural sustainability and crop production,mainly in semi-arid region.A study was conducted to minimize deep percolation losses from the furrow bottom under two different irrigation treatments viz.(1)furrow bottom with plastic sheet(T1)and(2)furrow bottom without plastic Sheet(T0).The physical and chemical analyses of soil profile were taken at a depth of 0-80 cm before and after crop harvesting.The dry density of soil slightly increased(0.01 g/cm^(3))under both treatments,while soil pH decreased under T1.The average yield was 8332 kg/hm^(2) and 7575 kg/hm^(2),with 21.56 m^(3) and 31.09 m^(3) total volume of irrigation water applied under T1and T0,respectively.The saving percentages of water under treatments were 52.22% and 31.00% under T1 and T0 respectively as compared to the saving of water under traditional irrigation practice.Overall,better performance,in terms of crop production and water saving,was obtained with use of plastic sheet integrated with bottom of furrows.Hence,it is suggested that the furrow irrigation method with plastic sheet may be used to preventing moisture and minimize deep percolation losses from furrow bottom.

关键词： furrow irrigation semi-arid region water saving yield plastic sheet deep percolation okra crop soil pH

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Soil water and salt distribution under furrow irrigation of saline water with plastic mulch on ridge

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第1期5卷 60-70页

作者： LiJuan CHEN Qi FENG Alxa Desert Ecohydrological Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

furrow irrigation when combined with plastic mulch on ridge is one of the current uppermost wa- ter-saving irrigation technologies for arid regions. The present paper studies the dynamics of soil water-salt trans- portation and its spatial distribution characteristics under irrigation with saline water in a maize field experiment. The mathematical relationships for soil salinity, irrigation amount and water salinity are also established to evaluate the contribution of the irrigation amount and the salinity of saline water to soil salt accumulation. The result showed that irrigation with water of high salinity could effectively increase soil water content, but the increment is limited com- paring with the influence from irrigation amount. The soil water content in furrows was higher than that in ridges at the same soil layers, with increments of 12.87% and 13.70% for MMF9 （the treatment with the highest water salinity and the largest amount of irrigation water） and MMF1 （the treatment with the lowest water salinity and the least amount of irrigation water） on 27 June, respectively. The increment for MMF9 was gradually reduced while that for MMF1 increased along with growth stages, the values for 17 August being 2.40% and 19.92%, respectively. Soil water content in the ridge for MMF9 reduced gradually from the surface layer to deeper layers while the surface soil water content for MMF1 was smaller than the contents below 20 cm at the early growing stage. Soil salinities for the treatments with the same amount of irrigation water but different water salinity increased with the water salinity. When water salinity was 6.04 dS/m, the less water resulted in more salt accumulation in topsoil and less in deep layers. When water salinity was 2.89 dS/m, however, the less water resulted in less salt accumulation in topsoil and salinity remained basically stable in deep layers. The salt accumulation in the ridge surface was much smaller than that in the furrow bottom under this technology, which was quite different from tradi

关键词： water and salt transportation furrow irrigation saline water soil salinity soil water content

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N_(x)O emissions in response to the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes in a lettuce field

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 159-166页

作者： Maomao Hou Ying Xiao Qinyuan Zhu Jingnan Chen Huan Huang Qiu Jin Lin Zhu Fenglin Zhong College of Horticulture Fujian Agriculture and Forest UniversityFuzhou 350000China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Nanjing 210000China College of Horticulture and Gardening Fujian Agricultural Vocational and Technical CollegeFuzhou 350000China Juhuang Group Co. Ltd.Xiamen 361021China Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210000China

irrigation has a significant impact on N_(x)O(N_(2)O and NO)emissions from cultivated land,yet the N_(2)O or NO emission among the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes has not been well compared.In an irrigated lettuce field,three DR(drip irrigation)lower limits were designed,including 75%(DR1),65%(DR2)and 55%(DR3)field capacity,and one FI(furrow irrigation)lower limit(65%field capacity).The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes and soil nitrogen(N)forms were determined,and the linear correlation between these indicators was analyzed.Results showed that under the same irrigation regime,the N_(2)O and NO emissions from furrow irrigation treatment increased by 36.8%and 45.2%respectively compared to that from drip irrigation treatment.The cumulative N_(2)O and NO emissions under DR3 were 30.2%and 28.6%higher than under DR1,respectively.Moreover,DR1 was also the lowest among the four treatments in soil-N concentration.The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes were more correlated to soil NH_(4)^(+)-N(r=0.88 and 0.76)or NO_(2)^(-)-N(r=0.90 and 0.80)concentration than soil-N and soluble organic N,indicating that N_(2)O and NO were mainly produced by the soil nitrification process.When the irrigation regime was the same,N_(2)O and NO emissions were lower with drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation.Besides,drip irrigation with small quota but high frequency reduced N_(2)O and NO emission compared to that with large quota but low frequency.

关键词： nitrous oxide nitric oxide drip irrigation furrow irrigation soil nitrogen

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irrigation erosion of irrigated soils in the foothills of southern Kazakhstan

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 166-171页

作者： Abdulla S SAPAROV Enadiy K МIRZAKEEV Tatyana M SHARYPOVA Galymzhan A SAPAROV Jilili ABUDUWAILI Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after Uspanov Almaty 050060 Kazakhstan State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011 China

Abstract： This paper presented the results from the study of irrigation erosion of irrigated lands in southern Ka- zakhstan. The main purpose of the work is the conservation of the fertility of irrigated soils, and then the soils of the upper, middle and lower sections of the slopes at the experimental site were studied. Based on field investigations, authors studied the water resistance of aggregates of gray-brown soils and light gray soils before and after irrigation and qualitative indicators of changes in physical and chemical properties of structured soils in irrigation were de- termined by conventional methods of soil research. The results indicated that the changes in the physical properties of soils by using polymeric compounds created a fundamentally new opportunity to control water erosion of soils.

关键词： irrigation erosion furrow irrigation structure-forming polymers deformation of furrows permissible water speed aggregate water stability

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The fate of fertilizer N applied to cotton in relation to irrigation methods and N dosage in arid area

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 320-329页

作者： ChangZhou WEI TengFei MA XiaoJuan WANG Juan WANG Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture College of AgricultureShihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China

Quantitative information on the fate and efficiency of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to coarse textured calcareous soils in arid farming systems is scarce but, as systems intensify, is essential to support sustainable ag- ronomic management decisions. A mesh house study was undertaken to trace the fate of N fertilizer applied to cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L. cv., Huiyuan701） growing on a reconstructed profile （0-100 cm） of a calcareous （〉15% CaCQ） sandy loam soil. Two irrigation methods （drip irrigation, DI; and furrow irrigation, FI） and four N ap- plication rates （0, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm2, abbreviated as No, N240, N360, and N480, respectively） were applied. 15N-labelled urea fertilizer was applied in a split application. DI enhanced the biomass of whole plant and all parts of the plant, except for root; more fertilizer N was taken up and mostly stored in vegetative parts; N utilization efficiency （NUE） was significantly greater than in FI. N utilization efficiency （NUE） decreased from 52.59% in N240 to 36.44% in N480. N residue in soil and plant N uptake increased with increased N dosage, but recovery rate decreased consis- tently both in DI and Fl. Plant N uptake and soil N residue were greater in DI than in FI. N residue mainly stayed within 0-40 cm depth in DI but within 40-80 cm depth in Ft. FI showed 17.89% of N leached out, but no N leaching occurred in DI. N recovery rate in the soil-plant system was 75.82% in DI, which was markedly greater than the 55.97% in FI. DI exhibited greater NUE, greater residual N in the soil profile and therefore greater N recovery rate than in FI; also, N distribution in soil profile shallowed in DI, resulting in a reduced risk of N leaching compared to FI; and enhanced shoot growth and reduced root growth in DI is beneficial for more economic yield formation. Com- pared to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation is an irrigation method where N movement favors the prevention of N from being lost in the plant-soil system and benefits a more efficient use of N.

关键词： drip irrigation furrow irrigation N application rate N utilization efficiency N recovery Gossypium hirsutum

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Solute mixing in a permeable non-rectangular channel

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第2期35卷 134-145页

作者： Sonia Zebardast Sayyed-Hassan Tabatabaei Fariborz Abbasi Manuchehr Heidarpour Department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureShahrekord University Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO) 3. Department of Water EngineeringCollege of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology

Understanding diffusion and solute transport,is regarded as a main activity in environmental management,sustainable development and sedimentation processes because of their role in diffusion of contaminants.The current paper presents an experimental study which was done in a parabolic channel with permeable and impermeable bed conditions in order to estimate the transverse mixing coefficient(TMC) and the maximum solute mixing length(SML) for different channel bed roughness coefficients and discharges.The cross section of the channel was 0.5 m wide and 0.3 m deep with a parabolic shape(i.***.similar to furrow irrigation).Three levels of bed roughness coefficient of 0.02,0.04,and 0.06,and three discharges of 5,10,and 15 L/s were considered.Bed infiltration channel was applied at a low level and medium level as well as a case without infiltration.In the current experiments,sodium chloride was used as a soluble tracer and was injected into the water at mid depth in the upstream cross section.The tracer concentration profile in the water and velocity profile were measured at eight cross sections in the channel.The results showed that the values of SML ranged between 20 and 46 m in impermeable and permeable beds channel beds respectively.The assessment of usual discharge values,infiltration,and roughness coefficient of a furrow(agricultural field) indicated that the SML of the furrows were less than20 m.In the current research,the average dimensionless mixing coefficient was found to be 0.17 in the nonrectangular channel.Eventually,equations were developed to explain the TMC and SML in a permeable parabolic channel that could be beneficial in prediction of fertilizer transport in furrow irrigatio n.

关键词： Environmental hydraulics Fertigation furrow irrigation Solute mixing length Transverse mixing coefficient

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Measuring and modeling two-dimensional irrigation infiltration under film-mulched furrows

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第5期8卷 419-431页

作者： YongYong Zhang PuTe Wu XiNing Zhao WenZhi Zhao Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Northwest A & F University

furrow irrigation with film-mulched agricultural beds is being promoted in the arid region of northwest China because it improves water utilization. Two-dimensional infiltration patterns under film-mulched furrows can provide guidelines and criteria for irrigation design and operation. Our objective was to investigate soil water dynamics during ponding irrigation infiltration of mulched furrows in a cross-sectional ridge-furrow configuration, using laboratory experiments and mathematical simulations. Six experimental treatments, with two soil types （silt loam and sandy loam）, were investigated to monitor the wetting patterns and soil water distribution in a cuboid soil chamber. irrigation of mulched furrows clearly increased water lateral infiltration on ridge shoulders and ridges, due to enhancement of capillary driving force. Increases to both initial soil water content （SWC） and irrigation water level resulted in increased wetted soil volume. Empirical regression equations accurately estimated the wetted lateral distance （Rl） and downward distance （Rd） with elapsed time in a variably wetted soil medium. Optimization of model parameters followed by the Inverse approach resulted in satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted cumulative infiltration and SWC. On the basis of model calibration, HYDRUS-2D model can accurately simulate two-dimensional soil water dynamics under irrigation of mulched furrows. There were significant differences in wetting patterns between unmulched and mulched furrow irrigation using HYDRUS-2D simulation. The Rd under the mulched furrows was 32.14% less than the unmulched furrows. Therefore, film-mulched furrows are recommended in a furrow irrigation system.

关键词： soil water distribution wetting pattern film-mulched furrows furrow irrigation HYDRUS-2D model

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Effect of irrigation Method and Non-Uniformity of irrigation on Potato Performance and Quality

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第3期8卷 277-292页

作者： Kamal H. Amer Abdellateif A. Samak Jerry L. Hatfield Department of Agricultural Engineering Menofia University Menofia Egypt USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment Ames IA USA

Potato growth, yield, and quality under improved irrigation methods and non-uniformity of their irrigation applications are important to enhance water management in arid regions. A field experiment was conducted in 2014 spring and fall growing seasons using potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown in northern Egypt at Shibin El Kom, Menofia, Egypt to evaluate potato response to furrow or trickle irrigation. A Randomized Split-Plot Design with irrigation method randomly distributed and non-uniformity of irrigation applications evaluated along either irrigation furrow or trickle lateral as dependent variables measured at the 3rd, 13th, 23rd, 33rd, 43rd and 53rd m along the 55 m irrigation line. Traditional (TF) and partial (PF) furrows as well as trickle point (TP) and line (TL) sources were used as irrigation methods. Each treatment was repeated three times. For a 33rd m treatment, seasonal optimum water use by potato was 328, 234, 269 and 292 mm over 118 days in spring and 200, 164, 178 and 186 mm over 122 days in fall under TF, PF, TP and TL irrigation methods, respectively. Potato tuber yield and quality were significantly affected by growing season (S), irrigation method (I) and non-uniformity of irrigation application (U). Tuber yield, total soluble solid (TSS) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly affected by I and U, and their interaction I * U;harvest index (HI) was not affected by I but U. Except for TSS by S * I and HI by U * I and S * I, results showed no significant differences. Moreover, tuber weight, number and marketable yield were significantly affected by S, I, U and I * U interaction, except medium tuber size and culls by S. A given 33rd treatment under partial furrow and trickle irrigation, relative to that of traditional furrow, enhanced tuber yield and improved quality in both growing seasons. In non-un- iform irrigation application over two growing seasons, potato crop response was developed under varied ir

关键词： Potato Yield and Quality furrow irrigation Trickle irrigation Scheduling Crop Coefficient

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Nexus of Climate Change and USA Mid-South Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Production

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 211-231页

作者： Michael Aide Christian Torres De Guzman Department of Agriculture Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Climate change is manifesting across the USA Mid-South and is impacting agricultural productivity, including the production of rice. This manuscript is a review of pertinent global literature concerning the effect of increasing temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations involving: 1) rice growth and development with an emphasis on spikelet sterility, 2) water availability for irrigation with the specter of aquifer overdraft and emerging water management technologies intended to improve water use efficiency, 3) the soil-plant continuum related to greenhouse gas emission and research avenues supporting agronomic practices that limit these emissions, and 4) region wide assessment of the economic and agronomic indicators to infer changes in the agricultural infrastructure and markets. Based on the global literature review and specific circumstances for USA Mid-South rice production, explicit proposals to mitigate and alleviate climate change are proposed. Key climate change mitigation proposals include: 1) support irrigation technologies that limit water usage and reduce methane emissions, 2) support soil carbon enhancement and newly emerging soil health agronomic practices, 3) achieve a greater usage of remote sensing activities to detect, in real time, field stresses, 4) support rice breeding activities that benefit furrow irrigation and provide heat tolerance, and 5) coordinate a rice region wide consensus to achieve farm gate activities that address climate change.

关键词： Climate Change Rice Methane Emissions furrow irrigation Spikelet Sterility

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