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Theory and Practice of Heat Transfer in Electric Arc and Flare furnaces and Power Plants

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2020年第4期8卷 739-755页

作者： Anatoliy Nikolaevich Makarov Department of Electrical Supply and Electrical Engineering Tver State Technical University Tver Russia

The author describes the fundamental laws of physics, the laws of thermal radiation of ionized and non-ionized gas volumes. Based on open laws, a modern theory of heat transfer and methods for calculating heat transfer in electric arc and flare metallurgical furnaces, furnaces of steam boilers, and combustion chambers of gas turbine plants of power plants have been developed. The use of scientific discovery makes it possible to create innovative electric arc steel-smelting furnaces, flare heating furnaces, and combustion chambers in which the consumption of electricity and fuel is reduced, productivity and service life are increased, and the amount of harmful emissions into the environment is reduced.

关键词： Heat Transfer Thermal Radiation Electric Arc Torch furnaces Fire Cham-bers Combustion Chambers

Effect of Fe_2O_3 on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics produced from naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第3期24卷 316-323页

作者： Hong-pan Liu Xiao-feng Huang Li-ping Ma Dan-li Chen Zhi-biao Shang Ming Jiang Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University

CaO–Al2O3–SiO2(CAS) glass-ceramics were prepared via a melting method using naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag as the main raw material. The effects of the addition of Fe2O3on the crystallization behavior and properties of the prepared glass-ceramics were studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization activation energy was calculated using the modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. The results show that the intrinsic nucleating agent in the yellow phosphorus furnace slag could effectively promote the crystallization of CAS. The crystallization activation energy first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of added Fe2O3. At 4wt% of added Fe2O3, the crystallization activation energy reached a maximum of 676.374 kJ·mol−1. The type of the main crystalline phase did not change with the amount of added Fe2O3. The primary and secondary crystalline phases were identified as wollastonite (CaSiO3) and hedenbergite (CaFe(Si2O6)), respectively. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Ceramic materials Chemical activation Crystalline materials Crystallization Differential thermal analysis furnaces Glass ceramics Iron oxides Nucleation Phosphorus Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Slags Thermoanalysis X ray diffraction

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玻璃池窑的数值模拟

玻璃与搪瓷 1993年第3期21卷 15-20页

作者：赵国昌胡桅林过增元张灵生王家垠马志斌清华大学 100084 4400厂

玻璃液在池窑内的流动状况与温度分布对玻璃生产起着决定性的作用。通过控制液流状况,可确保玻璃熔制的各个阶段(如配合料的熔化、玻璃液的澄清和降温)都能按正确的时序,在相应的窑池区域内进行。

关键词： Electronic glass Glass tank furnaces Flow and heat transfer Numerical simulation

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF CROSS FLOW IN UNHEATED FURNACE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1991年第3期3卷 68-73页

作者： Jian-ren, Fan Qiang, Hua Ke-li, Zeng Ke-fa, Cen Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou China

This paper describes the results of a finite-difference solution for the three-dimensional flow field generated by a rectangular turbulent jet (secondary air) deflected by a main stream (primary air) in an unheated furnace. The essential properties of cross flow are discussed in the case of different shapes of the rectangular orifice, ratios of the secondary air injected velocity to the primary air velocity, and different injection angles. Last, two correlations equations are obtained and the numerical predictions are shown to demonstrate the good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： Computers Applications Fluid Mechanics furnaces Mathematical Models

Theoretical shape analysis of tapered fibers using a movable large-zone furnace

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Optoelectronics Letters 2011年第2期7卷 154-157页

作者：孙伟民袁明曾宪金 T.A.Birks College of Science Harbin Engineering University Department of Physics University of Bath

To estimate the shape of tapered fibers using tapering machines with movable large-zone furnaces, a new calculation method is proposed based on the discrete deducing method and the principle of the volume conservation of the fiber materials. This method can estimate the tapering results, i.e., the shape of the tapered fibers, based on arbitrary moving parameters of the large-zone furnace and the fiber holders. The theoretical estimated results agree with the experimental measuring shape of the tapered fibers quite well.

关键词： furnaces Calculation methods Fiber holders Fiber materials Shape analysis Tapered fiber Volume conservation

Parameters Affecting the Production of High Carbon Ferromanganese in Closed Submerged Arc Furnace

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第1期11卷 1-20页

作者： Mamdouh Eissa Hoda El-Faramawy Azza Ahmed Saeed Nabil Hossam Halfa Steel and Ferroalloys Department Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI) P. O. Box 87 Helwan Cairo Egypt

This study has been performed to investigate the different parameters affecting on the production of high carbon ferromanganese in closed submerged arc furnace. The analysis of industrial data revealed that using manganese ores with low Mn/Fe ratio necessitates higher amount of Mn-sinter in the charge. Using Mn-blend with higher Mn/Fe ratio reduces the coke consumption and this leads to reducing the electrodes consumption. The recovery of Mn ranges between 70 and 80 %. Much higher basic slag has slight effect on Mn- recovery. However, as slag basicity increases, the MnO- content of slag decreases. The manganese content of produced HCFeMn depends mainly on Mn/Fe ratio of Mn-blend. For obtaining HCFeMn alloy containing minimum 75%Mn, it is necessary to use Mn-blend with Mn/Fe ratio of higher than 6. A model for determination of the amount and composition of off-gases has been derived based on the chemical composition and material balance of the input raw materials and the produced alloy and slag. By using this model, the amount of off-gases was found to increase by increasing both Mn-blend and coke consumption.

关键词： Ferromanganese closed furnaces carbothermic reduction Slag basicity

A Scalable Low-k/Cu Interconnect Technology using Self-Assembled Ultra-Low-k Porous Silica Films

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A Scalable Low-k/Cu Interconnect Technology using Self-Assem...