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Energy Absorption in functionally graded concrete Bioinspired by Sea Urchin Spines

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第2期14卷 369-378页

作者： Nicu Toader Werner Sobek Klaus G Nickel Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) Stuttgart Universitat 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Geoscience (IFG) Applied Mineralogy Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen 72074 Tubingen Germany

functionally graded concrete （FGC） is fabricated at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design （ILEK） by using a layer-by-layer technique with two different technological procedures： casting and dry spraying. Functional gradations are developed from two reference mixtures with diametrically opposed characteristics in terms of density, porosity, compression strength and elasticity modulus. In this study the first mixture consists of Normal Density concrete （NDC）, with density about 2160 kg·m^-3 while the second mixture helps to obtain a very lightweight concrete, with density about 830 kg·m^-3. The FGC specimens have layers with different alternating porosities and provide superior deformability capacity under bulk compression compared to NDC specimens. In addition, the FGC specimens experienced a graceful failure behaviour, absorbing high amounts of energy during extended compression paths. The porosity variation inside the layout of tested specimens is inspired by the internal structure of sea urchin spines of heterocentrotus mammillatus, a promising role model for energy absorption in biomimetic engineering.

关键词： biomimetic engineering energy absorption sea urchin spine functionally graded concrete graceful failure behaviour

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Finite Element Analysis of Shrinkage in the Interface of functionally graded concrete Segment Used in Shield Tunneling

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2006年第Z1期21卷 94-98页

作者：高英力 Key Laboratory for Silicate Materials Science and Engineering of (Ministry of Education) Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

In functionally graded materials (FGM), the problem of interface stability caused by the volume deformation is commonly regarded as the key factor for its performance. Based on test results, in terms of finite element method (FEM) this paper analyzed problems in the shrinkage of functionally graded material interface of shield concrete segment, which was designed and produced by the principle of functionally graded materials. In the analysis model, the total shrinkage of concrete was converted into the thermal shrinkage by means of the method of 'Equivalent Temperature Difference'. Consequently, the shrinkage stress of interface layer was calculated and compared with the bond strength of interface layer. The results indicated that the volume deformation of two-phase materials of functionally graded concrete (FGC) segment, which were the concrete cover and the concrete structure layer, showed better compatibility and the tension stress of interface layer, which was resulted from the shrinkage of concrete and calculated by ANSYS, was less than the bond strength of interface layer. Therefore, the interface stability of functionally graded concrete segment was good and the sliding deformation of interface layer would not generate.

关键词： shield segment functionally graded concrete shrinkage finite element analysis interface

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