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Variability of fuel consumption and CO_(2) emissions of a gasoline passenger car under multiple in-laboratory and on-road testing conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 266-276页

作者： Boya Zhou Liqiang He Shijian Zhang Rui Wang Luowei Zhang Mengliang Li Yu Liu Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Jiming Hao China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300300China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption(and/or CO_(2)emissions) between realworld and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases(GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been developed recently, for example, the China Lightduty Vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger cars(CLTC-P). We collected fuel consumption and CO_(2)emissions data of a LDGV under various conditions based on laboratory chassis dynamometer and on-road tests. Laboratory results showed that both standard test cycles and setting methods of road load affected fuel consumption slightly, with variations of less than 4%. Compared to the type-approval value, laboratory and on-road fuel consumption of the tested LDGV over the CLTC-P increased by 9% and 34% under the reference condition(i.e., air conditioning off, automatic stop and start(STT) on and two passengers). On-road measurement results indicated that fuel consumption under the low-speed phase of the CLTC-P increased by 12% due to the STT off, although only a 4% increase on average over the entire cycle. More fuel consumption increases(52%) were attributed to air conditioning usage and full passenger capacity. Strong correlations(R2> 0.9) between relative fuel consumption and average speed were also identified. Under traffic congestion(average speed below 25 km/hr), fuel consumption was highly sensitive to changes in vehicle speed. Thus,we suggest that real-world driving conditions cannot be ignored when evaluating the fuel economy and GHGs reduction of LDGVs.

关键词： fuel consumption CO_(2)emissions Light-duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV) Real driving

Comparative analysis on the fuel consumption prediction model for bulk carriers from ship launching to current states based on sea trial data and machine learning technique

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2021年第4期6卷 317-339页

作者： Tien Anh Tran Faculty of Marine Engineering Vietnam Maritime UniversityHaiphong 180000Vietnam Marine Research Institute Vietnam Maritime UniversityHaiphong 180000Vietnam

MARPOL 73/78,Chapter IV is considered to reveal the emission control engineering on ships.The probability model of the fuel oil consumption is established based on the machine learning technique.The proposed methods are applied into this research in order to establish the probability model of fuel oil consumption.The combination of Monte Carlo(MC)simulation method with Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)is an optimal solution to deal the fuel consumption of marine main diesel engine.The sample data has been established based on the Monte Carlo simulation method.The model of fuel oil consumption is designed by Artificial Neural Network method.The proposed prediction model of fuel oil consumption is based on a back-propagation training algorithm of ANNs method.The research results of proposed model have been verified with the actual operation data that have been collected from a certain bulk carrier of VINIC shipping transportation company in Vietnam.The collected data is the actual operation parameters from the noon-log report of voyage during two years of the ship.The probability model of fuel oil consumption for main diesel engine is very useful in the field of ships energy efficiency management with higher accurancy than the other previous models.

关键词： Shipping transportation fuel consumption Monte Carlo method Artificial neural network Marpol 73/78

A discrete-event model to simulate the effect of truck bunching due to payload variance on cycle time, hauled mine materials and fuel consumption

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第5期26卷 745-752页

作者： A.Soofastaei S.M.Aminossadati M.S.Kizil P.Knights School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of Queensland

Data collected from truck payload management systems at various surface mines shows that the payload variance is significant and must be considered in analysing the mine productivity,energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions and associated cost.Payload variance causes significant differences in gross vehicle weights.Heavily loaded trucks travel slower up ramps than lightly loaded trucks.Faster trucks are slowed by the presence of slower trucks,resulting in‘bunching’,production losses and increasing fuel consumptions.This paper simulates the truck bunching phenomena in large surface mines to improve truck and shovel systems’efficiency and minimise fuel consumption.The study concentrated on completing a practical simulation model based on a discrete event method which is most commonly used in this field of research in other industries.The simulation model has been validated by a dataset collected from a large surface mine in Arizona state,USA.The results have shown that there is a good agreement between the actual and estimated values of investigated parameters.

关键词： Discrete-event model Simulation Truck bunching Payload variance Cycle time fuel consumption

On the estimation of ship’s fuel consumption and speed curve:A statistical approach

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第2期1卷 157-166页

作者： Nicolas Bialystocki Dimitris Konovessis Technical Department Antares Shipping Ltd.Israel School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

When fuel efficiency is at stake,along with the reduction of the environmental foot print of air pollution,a need is presented to estimate a ship’s fuel consumption for a forthcoming voyage,and means for decision making and for cost saving.This paper suggests an operational approach for obtaining an accurate fuel consumption and speed curve,on the basis of major factors affecting it,namely,ship’s draft and displacement,weather force and direction,hull and propeller roughness.A statistical analysis on 418 noon reports of a Pure Car and Truck Carrier case ship is carried out and the influence of the above factors is calculated.As expected,stronger wind and head weather increases the fuel consumption,and the difference between several weather conditions could be quantified.A simple and accurate algorithm is proposed in order for ship owners,managers and operators to be in a position to apply the suggested method on their fleet.Finally,applications of the structured algorithm are introduced with examples,in estimating the fuel consumption of the case ship for a future voyage,and also the same for a sister ship.Furthermore,voyage planning in several scenarios is proposed in order to assist the stakeholders with decision making aimed to fuel saving and environmental friendliness of their ships.

关键词： fuel consumption Ship’s noon report Weather Hull and propeller roughness Service performance Decision-making

Optimization of Engine Control Strategies for Low fuel consumption in Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicles

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第12期137卷 2693-2714页

作者： Shuilong He Yang Liu Shanchao Wang Liangying Hu Fei Xiao Chao Li School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China Technology Center of Commercial Vehicle Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co.Ltd.Liuzhou545005China

The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.

关键词： fuel consumption heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control optimal control

Use of light-emitting diode(LED)lamps in combination with metal halide(MH)lamps reduce fuel consumption in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第4期6卷 432-440页

作者： Khanh Q.Nguyen Phu D.Tran Luong T.Nguyen Phuong V.To Corey J.Morris Nha Trang University 2 Nguyen Dinh ChieuNha TrangViet Nam Fisheries and Oceans Canada St.John’sNL A1C 5X1Canada

The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in Vietnam.Typically,metal halide(MH)lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish,however these lights require more energy,have a shorter lifespan,and lower chromatic performance than light emitting diode(LED)lamps.This study examined catch efficiency and fuel consumption when using LED lamps in combination with reduced numbers of MH lamps(10.24 kW),compared to conventional lighting(28.6 kW),used during purse seining off the coast of Ninh Thuan province,Vietnam.The economic performance associated with using LED lamps in this fishery was also assessed.We found no significant differences in catch rates between the different light treatments,however fuel consumption was significantly reduced.fuel consumption per nightly trip using LED with MH lamps was 70.8 l(11.1 l/h)compared to114 l(17.45 l/hr)using MH lamps alone,an estimated 37.9%reduction in fuel consumption.An investment in LED lamps by a fishing enterprise will require additional initial costs,however our analysis revealed the financial break-event point can be reached after approximately 101 nightly trips when the fuel price is at the 2015 level of USD$0.74 per l.Fishing enterprises can increase their profitability,and reduce CO2 emissions,by using LED lamps in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery.

关键词： LED light Purse seine fishery fuel consumption Catch comparison Economic efficiency

Load reduction sintering for increasing productivity and decreasing fuel consumption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第2期20卷 131-137页

作者： Hai-bin Zuo Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-wen Hu Tian-jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

The technical and economical indexes and the physical properties of load reduction sintering processes with the supporting stands of installation at different height levels （300, 350, and 400 mm）： in a sintering bed were studied under the same conditions of raw material, bed height, and sintering parameters. Sintering pot tests with different bed heights and fuel ratios of the mixture with or without supporting stands were performed to decrease the fuel consumption. The airflow rate through the sintering bed was measured with an anemoscope fixed on the bed surface to reveal the effects of supporting stands. The utilization of load reduction sintering can improve the permeability of the sintering bed, and the airflow rate through the sintering bed is increased. When the stand height is half of the sintering bed, the productivity increases by 27.9%, and the drum index slightly decreases. Keeping at the same productivity level with normal sintering, the utilization of load reduction sintering can decrease the solid fuel consumption by 9.2%.

关键词： ore sintering permeability productivity fuel consumption

Influence of driving cycles on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger car in Bangkok

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 604-611页

作者： NUTRAMON Tamsanya SUPACHART Chungpaibulpatana Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University

The influence of different driving cycles on their exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rate of gasoline passenger car was investigated in Bangkok based on the actual measurements obtained from a test vehicle driving on a standard chassis dynamometer. A newly established Bangkok driving cycle （BDC） and the European driving cycle （EDC） which is presently adopted as the legislative cycle for testing automobiles registered in Thailand were used. The newly developed BDC is constructed using the driving characteristic data obtained from the real on-road driving tests along selected traffic routes. A method for selecting appropriate road routes for real driving tests is also introduced. Variations of keyed driving parameters of BDC with different driving cycles were discussed. The results showed that the HC and CO emission factors of BDC are almost two and four times greater than those of EDC, respectively. Although the difference in the NOx emission factor is small, the value from BDC is still greater than that of EDC by 10%. Under BDC, the test vehicle consumes fuel about 25% more than it does under EDC. All these differences are mainly attributed to the greater proportion of idle periods and higher fluctuations of vehicle speed in the BDC cycle. This result indicated that the exhausted emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles obtained from tests under the legislative modal-type driving cycle （EDC） are significantly different from those actually produced under real traffic conditions especially during peak periods.

关键词： driving cycle driving pattern driving characteristics microtrip characteristics exhaust emissions fuel consumption

Design and fuel consumption Optimization for a Bio-Inspired Semi-floating Hybrid Vehicle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 280-287页

作者： Jiannan Luo Yansong Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China

Based on a bionic concept and combing air-cushion techniques and track driving mechanisms, a novel semi-floating hybrid concept vehicle is proposed to meet the transportation requirements on soft terrain. First, the vehicle scheme and its improved duel-spring flexible suspension design are described. Then, its fuel consumption model is proposed accordingly with respect to two vehicle operating parameters. Aiming at minimizing the fuel consumption, two Genetic Algorithms （GAs） are designed and implemented. For the initial one （GA-1）, despite getting an acceptable result, there still existed some problems in its optimiza- tion process. Based on an analysis of the defects of GA-1, an improved algorithm GA-2 was developed whose effectiveness and stability were embodied in the optimization process and results. The proposed design scheme and optimization approaches can provide valuable references for this new kind of vehicle with industry, military or scientific exploitations, etc. promising applications in the areas of agriculture, petroleum industry, military or scientific explaitations, etc.

关键词： bio-inspiration semi-floating hybrid vehicle concept model design fuel consumption genetic algorithm