检索结果-南通市图书馆

COVID-19 Outbreaks Linked to Imported frozen Food in China:Status and Challege

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

China CDC weekly 2022年第22期4卷 483-487页

作者： Jiahui Wang Fengqin Li Zhaoping Liu Ning Li NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment China National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijingChina

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA contamination was reported on China’s imported frozen foods and packaging materials.However,there was no evidence of this disease initiated by environment-to-human transmission until the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Beijing in June 2020.This article aimed to analyze and summarize COVID-19 outbreaks related to cold-chain foods to provide a scientific basis for tracing the epidemiological trajectory of the pandemic,providing risk assessments,and mitigation policies.Overall,37 COVID-19 outbreaks and 5,741 infected cases were reported within the study period.It was found that 7 outbreaks and 689 cases were linked to imported frozen foods.The first index case among the 7 outbreaks was exposed to SARS-CoV-2-contaminated outer packaging of frozen food,triggering the subsequent community transmission.This study supported the speculation that cold-chain foods act as a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 and might present a risk for virus transmission between countries and regions.Handlers and processors exposed to the imported frozen foods should be effectively self-protected,daily monitored for clinical manifestations of COVID-19,and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at regular intervals.

关键词： frozen protected imported

Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Erica S.King Andrea Noll Susan Glenn Bradley W.Bolling Department of Food Science University of Wisconsin-Madison1605 Linden Dr.MadisonWI53706USA Department of Statistics Medical Sciences CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1300 University Ave Rm 1220MadisonWI53706USA

Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

关键词： Aronia berry Polyphenols Storage Refrigeration Sugars Acids frozen

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

冰的价值与艺术

疯狂英语（新悦读） 2024年第5期 20-24,74页

作者：江丽浙江

1 These days,ice is easy to get.You can walk to your ice maker and have ice fall into your glass.Hundreds or thousands of years ago,ice wasn􀆳t this easy to make or to get.In the past,it involved harvesting ice from frozen bodies of water.2 People throughout history have known the value of ice.People in ancient China would wait till the winter to make ice blocks from frozen rivers and then they would use ice blocks to keep food cool through warmer months.In ancient cultures,ice was a luxury.Royalty would ship ice and then use it for juice drinks and other treats.In an age when there were no ice makers,ice was truly short and it was a sign of power.

关键词： harvesting winter frozen

Association between cardiopulmonary bypass time and 90-day postoperative mortality in patients undergoing arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk: a retrospective cohort study

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第19期132卷 2325-2332页

作者： Jun Zheng Shang-Dong Xu You-Cong Zhang Kai Zhu Hui-Qiang Gao Kai Zhang Xiu-Feng Jin Tong Liu Center of Cardiac Surgery Beijing Aortic Disease CenterBeijing Institute of HeartLung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China Center of Cardiology Beijing Institute of HeartLung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China

Background:The aortic arch replacement and cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)are both associated with the early mortality after cardiothoracic surgery.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CPB time and 90-day post-operative mortality in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery using the frozen elephant trunk(FET)technique with selective ante-grade cerebral perfusion(SACP).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data of 377 adult patients undergoing aortic arch surgery via FET with SACP from July 1,2017 to December 31,2018 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital.The baseline characteristics,intra-operative data,and post-operative data were collected.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of 90-day postoperative mortality.Results:The 90-day post-operative mortality was 13.53%.The 78.51%of patients were men.There were 318(84.35%)type A aortic dissections and 28(7.43%)aortic aneurysms.Among those,264(70.03%)were emergency operations.Median CPB time was 202.0(176.0,227.0)min.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CPB time was independently associated with 90-day post-operative mortality after adjusting confounding factors(hazard ratio:1.21/10 min increase in CPB time,95%confidence interval:1.15–1.27,P<0.001).Kaplan-Meier analysis based on CPB time tertiles revealed that the top tertile(median 236.0 min)was associated with reduced survival rate compared with middle and bottom tertiles(P<0.001).Each sub-group analysis based on the complexity of the underlying disease process showed similar associations between CPB time and 90-day post-operative mortality.Conclusions:CPB time remains a significant factor in determining 90-day post-operative mortality in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery using FET with SACP.Surgeons should be aware of the relationship between CPB time and 90-day post-operative mortality during operative procedures and avoid extended CPB time as far as possible.

关键词： Aortic arch replacement Moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest Selective ante-grade cerebral perfusion frozen elephant trunk Cardiopulmonary bypass time Mortality

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

冻梨

疯狂英语（初中天地） 2024年第3期 68-69页

作者：李梓嫣闫明(指导) 黑龙江省大庆市林甸县第二中学不详

冻梨是东北地区独有的水果,是将普通的白梨冰冻变成乌黑色而来。它汁水丰富,口感冰凉绵甜。Are there black pears in the world?Have they gone bad?No,no,no,they are special fruit in Northeast China—frozen pears.After November,the temperature in Northeast China will drop to zero degree or even lower.And the temperature will rise again until March or April of the next year.

关键词：冻梨 Northeast frozen

frozen shoulder-A prospective randomized clinical trial

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第5期8卷 394-399页

作者： Rudra Narayan Mukherjee R M Pandey Hira Lal Nag Ravi Mittal De-partment of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences

AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.

关键词： Adhesive capsulitis frozen shoulder Capsular release Corticosteroid Idiopathic stiff shoulder Intra articular injection Steroid injection Arthroscopic arthrolysis Constant score

Dynamic property tests of frozen red sandstone using a split hopkinson pressure bar

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2019年第3期18卷 511-519页

作者： Shan Renliang Song Yongwei Song Liwei Bai Yao Institute of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing

In this study, frozen red sandstone specimens were impacted by a Split Hopkinson bar (SHPB), with a velocity of 4.558 ~ 6.823 ms-1. The temperature of the specimens was maintained at -15℃ during the experiment. For comparison purposes, static uniaxial compression tests were conducted in advance using a freezing triaxial test machine. Four stress-strain curves were obtained in diff erent average strain rates. The test results suggested that when the average strain rate is low, the specimen strength changes gradually;but when it is high, its strength changes rapidly. When the average strain rate is 120.73 s-1, the peak value of stress is as high as 82.96 MPa, which is about two times that of the static compressive strength of 44.1 MPa. A constitutive model was established that was composed of the damaged, viscoelastic and spring bodies, and revealed the variations of compressive strength and strain for the frozen red sandstone under diff erent high strain rates. The test results also showed that the failure form was correlated to the average strain rate of the frozen red sandstone. When the average strain rate is low, the damage was only distributed on the specimen’s edges. However, as the average strain rate increases, the damage range extended to the central parts of the specimen. When the average strain rate reached 107.34s-1, the specimen was smashed.

关键词： SHPB negative temperature frozen red sandstone dynamic compressive strength constitutive model

Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of bile duct margin for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1332-1342页

作者： Takayuki Shiraki Hajime Kuroda Atsuko Takada Yoshimasa Nakazato Keiichi Kubota Yasuo Imai Department of Gastroen- terological Surgery Dokkyo Medical University Department of Diagnostic Pathology Dokkyo Medical University

AIM To evaluate the usefulness of frozen section diagnosis(FSD) of bile duct margins during surgery for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 74 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for extrahepatic CCA from 2012 to 2017, during which FSD of bile duct margins was performed. They consisted of 40 distant and 34 perihilar CCAs(45 and 55 bile duct margins, respectively). The diagnosis was classified into three categories: negative, borderline(biliary intraepithelial neoplasia-1 and 2, and indefinite for neoplasia), or positive. FSD in the epithelial layer, subepithelial layer, and total layer was compared with corresponding permanent section diagnosis(PSD) postoperatively.Then, association between FSD and local recurrence was analyzed with special reference to borderline.RESULTS Analysis of 100 duct margins revealed that concordance rate between FSD and PSD was 68.0% in the total layer, 69.0% in the epithelial layer, and 98.0% in the subepithelial layer. The extent of remaining biliary epithelium was comparable between FSD and PSD, and more than half of the margins lost > 50% of the entire epithelium, suggesting low quality of the samples. In FSD, the rate of negative margins decreased and that of borderline and positive margins increased according to the extent of the remaining epithelium. Diagnostic discordance between FSD and PSD was observed in 31 epithelial layers and two subepithelial layers. Alteration from borderline to negative was the most frequent(20 of the 31 epithelial layers). Patients with positive margin in the total and epithelial layers by FSD demonstrated a significantly worse local recurrence-free survival(RFS) compared with patients with borderline and negative margins, which revealed comparable local RFS. Patients with borderline and negative margins in the epithelial layer by PSD also revealed comparable local RFS. These results suggested that epithelial borderline might be regarded substantially as negative. When classifying the status of the epithelia

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Bile duct cancer frozen section diagnosis Permanent section diagnosis Bile duct margin Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia Dysplasia Indefinite for neoplasia Borderline lesion Local recurrence

Creep of frozen soil by damage mechanics

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Chemistry 1995年第8期38卷 996-1002页

作者：苗天德魏雪霞张长庆 Department of Mechanics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of frozen Soil Engineering Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and GeocryologyChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

A microstructure damage theory for creep of frozen soil under the frame of damage mechan-ics is presented.Based on the test study and microscope observation,several internal variables are chosen tocharacterize the microstructure changes and the evolution equations of these internal variables are developed.The theory can describe both the "hardening" and "softening" behavior in the creep process.A detailed analysis hasbeen made for the uniaxial compressure and compared with the test data.

关键词： frozen soil creep microstructure damage mechanics