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Operation-area-constrained Adaptive Primary frequency support Strategy for Electric Vehicle Clusters

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第6期11卷 1982-1994页

作者： Tianqi Liu Pengyu Wang Qiao Peng Min Zhang Tengxin Wang Jinhao Meng College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Shanxi Electric Power CompanyTaiyuan 030001China

Due to their fast response and strong short-term power throughput capacity, electric vehicles(EVs) are promising for providing primary frequency support to power grids. However, due to the complicated charging demands of drivers, it is challenging to efficiently utilize the regulation capacity of EV clusters for providing stable primary frequency support to the power grid. Accordingly, this paper proposes an adaptive primary frequency support strategy for EV clusters constrained by the charging-behavior-defined operation area. First, the forced charging boundary of the EV is determined according to the driver's charging behavior, and based on this, the operation area is defined. This ensures full utilization of the available frequency support capacity of the EV. An adaptive primary frequency support strategy of EV clusters is then proposed. The output power of EV is adaptively regulated according to the real-time distance from the EV operating point to the forced charging boundary. With the proposed strategy, when the EV approaches the forced charging boundary, its output power is gradually reduced to zero. Then, the rapid state-of-charge declines of EVs and sudden output power reductions in EV clusters caused by forced charging to meet the driver's charging demands can be effectively avoided. EV clusters can then provide sustainable frequency support to the power grid without violating the driver's charging demands. Simulation results validate the proposed operation-area-constrained adaptive primary frequency support strategy, which outperforms the average strategy in terms of stable output maintenance and the optimal utilization of regulation capacities of EV clusters.

关键词： Primary frequency control frequency support electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid(V2G) operation area charging behavior

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Inertial PLL of Grid-connected Converter for Fast frequency support

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第4期9卷 1594-1599页

作者： Xiang Guo Donghai Zhu Jiabing Hu Xudong Zou Yong Kang Josep M.Guerrero State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China. Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

frequency support capability for the grid-connected converter(GCC)is one of the basic safeguards for the stability of renewables-dominated power *** this paper,analogous to the motion equation of a synchronous generator(SG),an inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL)is proposed for GCC to achieve fast frequency *** iPLL introduces the inertial and damping loops into the classic PLL structure to emulate the natural frequency regulation characteristics of a *** with the existing methods,the iPLL has a faster frequency response and is simpler in design and ***,the proposed iPLL method is validated by *** Terms-frequency support,grid-connected converter,inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL),synchronous generation(SG).

关键词： frequency support grid-connected converter inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL) synchronous generation(SG).

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frequency support from PMSG-Based Wind Turbines with Reduced DC-Link Voltage Fluctuations

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2018年第3期2卷 296-302页

作者： Jiafa He Linbin Huang Di Wu Chengzhi Zhu Huanhai Xin College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.LTDHangzhou 310014China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State UniversityFargo 58102USA

frequency droop control is widely used in permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSGs)based wind turbines(WTs)for grid frequency ***,under frequency deviations,significant DC-link voltage fluctuations may occur during the transient process due to sudden changes in real power of such *** address this issue,a current feedforward control strategy is proposed for PMSG-based WTs to reduce DC-link voltage fluctuations when the WTs are providing frequency support under grid frequency ***,the desired frequency support capability of the PMSG-based WTs can be *** results verify the rationality of the analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

关键词： Current feed forward control DC-link voltage frequency droop control frequency support PMSG-based WTs

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A Temporary frequency Response Strategy Using a Voltage Source-Based PermanentMagnet Synchronous Generator and Energy Storage Systems

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Energy Engineering 2024年第2期121卷 541-555页

作者： Baogang Chen Fenglin Miao Jing Yang Chen Qi Wenyan Ji CSIC HaiZhuangWindpower Co. Ltd.Chongqing400000China State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy&Storage Systems China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing100000China

Energy storage systems(ESS)and permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different control *** available PMSG kinetic energy and charging/discharging capacities of the ESS were *** improve the inertia response and frequency control capability,we propose a short-term frequency support strategy for the ESS and *** this end,the weights were embedded in the control loops to adjust the participation of the differential and proportional controls based on the system frequency *** effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified using PSCAD/*** simulations revealed that the proposed strategy could improve the maximum rate of change of the frequency nadir and maximum frequency ***,it provides a promising solution of ancillary services for frequency regulation of PMSG and ESS.

关键词： Inertial control PMSG ESS wind power generation frequency support

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