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Improving CLM4.5 Simulations of Land–Atmosphere Exchange during freeze–thaw processes on the Tibetan Plateau

Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 916-930页

作者： Siqiong LUO Xuewei FANG Shihua LYU Yu ZHANG Boli CHEN Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology Changzhou Meteorological Bureau

Soil is heterogeneous and has different thermal and hydraulic properties, causing varied behavior in heat and mois- ture transport. Therefore, soil has an important effect on lanatmosphere interactions. In this study, an improved soil parameterization scheme that considers gravel and organic matter in the soil was introduced into CLM4.5 （Com- munity Land Model）. By using data from the Zoige and Madoi sites on the Tibetan Plateau, the ability of the model to simultaneously simulate the duration of freeze-thaw periods, soil temperature, soil moisture, and surface energy during freeze-thaw processes, was validated. The results indicated that：（1） the new parameterization performed bet- ter in simulating the duration of the frozen, thawing, unfrozen, and freezing periods; （2） with the new scheme, the soil thermal conductivity values were decreased; （3） the new parameterization improved soil temperature simulation and effectively decreased cold biases; （4） the new parameterization scheme effectively decreased the dry biases of soil li- quid water content during the freezing, completely frozen, and thawing periods, but increased the wet biases during the completely thawed period; and （5） the net radiation, latent heat flux, and soil surface heat flux of the Zoige and Madoi sites were much improved by the new organic matter and thermal conductivity parameterization.

关键词： land surface model freeze-thaw processes gravel and organic matter Tibetan Plateau

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Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-274页

作者： Yong YANG Ren-Sheng CHEN Yong-Jian DING Hong-Yuan LI Zhang-Wen LIU Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different ***,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still *** on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to *** results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,*** FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to *** annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,*** FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD *** prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).

关键词： Frozen ground freeze-thaw processes Frost-free period First freeze date Global warming

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Bioremediation of Oil Spills in Cold Environments: A Review

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 371-381页

作者： YANG Si-Zhong JIN Hui-Jun WEI Zhi HE Rui-Xia JI Yan-Jun LI Xiu-Mei YU Shao-Peng State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） Department of Geography Harbin College Harbin 150086 （China）

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.

关键词： bioremediation cold environments freeze-thaw processes frozen soils oil spills

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Water budgets in an arid and alpine permafrost basin:Observations from the High Mountain Asia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第5期15卷 830-844页

作者： Qing-Feng WANG Hui-Jun JIN Dong-Liang LUO Yu SHENG Jun WEN Chien-Lu PING Mark H.CLARK Qiang MA Xiao-Ying JIN Ji-Chun WU Yu-Zhong YANG Qiang LI Raul D.SERBAN Daqing YANG Victor F.BENSE Qing-Bai WU Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Qinghai-Beiluhe Plateau Frozen Soil Engineering Safety National Oseration and Research Station Norhwes Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000China School of Civil Engineering and Transportation China-Russia Joint Laboratory of Cold Regions Engineering and Environmentand Permafrost InstituteNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040 China College of Atmospheric Science Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225China Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station University of Alaska FairbanksPalmer Research CenterPalmer 99645USA USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Palmer 99645USA College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Institute for Alpine Environment Eurac ResearchBolzano 39100Italy Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaVictoria V8S 3V3Canada Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hydrology and Quantiative Water Management Group Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningen 6700The Netherlands

Ground freeze-thaw processes have significant impacts on infiltration,runoff and ***,there are still critical knowledge gaps in understanding of hydrological processes in permafrost regions,especially of the interactions among permafrost,ecology,and *** this study,an alpine permafrost basin on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected to conduct hydrological and meteorological *** analyzed the annual variations in runoff,precipitation,evapotranspiration,and changes in water storage,as well as the mechanisms for runoff gen-eration in the basin from May 2014 to December *** annual flow curve in the basin exhibited peaks both in spring and autumn *** high ratio of evapotranspiration to annual precipitation(>1.O)in the investigated wetland is mainly due to the considerably underestimated‘observed'precipitation caused by the wind-induced instrumental error and the neglect of snow *** stream flow from early May to late October probably came from the lateral discharge of subsurface flow in alpine *** study can provide data support and validation for hydrological model simulation and prediction,as well as water resource assessment,in the upper Yellow River Basin,especially for the headwater *** results also provide case support for permafrost hydrology modeling in ungauged or poorly gauged watersheds in the High Mountain Asia.

关键词： Water budget Runoff freeze-thaw processes Active layer Permafrost basin Alpine wetland

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