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Bedding-parallel fractures in ultradeep tight sandstone reservoirs in Jurassic and Cretaceous of Yongjin Oil Field,Junggar Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第4期16卷 975-988页

作者： Hongping LIU Changmin ZHANG Li ZHANG Yang LUO School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(Ministry of Education) China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Bedding-parallel fractures are fractures that are parallel to rock bedding structure planes and have been widely accepted as a key factor for oil and gas production in tight sandstone and shale reservoirs.However,the formation mechanisms of these parallel-bedding fractures are still under debate.In this study,bedding-parallel fractures in Yongjin Oil Field were analyzed using methods including core and microscopic observations,element geochemistry,and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis.Their origin and relations to reservoir quality,faults,and rock mechanical properties were examined.The discovery of bedding-parallel fractures in both the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous formations indicates that the BPFs are generated later than the early Cretaceous.The filling state of bedding-parallel fractures that with no bitumen and carbonate cement indicate that they formed after oil charging and carbonate cementation.The tensile fracture characteristics in core and thin section observa-tions,and the fact that overburden stress exceeds the pore pressure indicate that the bedding-parallel fractures were neither generated from tectonic compression nor over-pressure.The most likely generation mechanism is stress relief during core drilling under high in situ stress conditions.High in situ stress and low tensile strength lead to thinner fracture spacing.The existence of high bedding-parallel fracture density is an indicator of good reservoir quality and result in high oil/gas production.

关键词： Bedding-parallel fractures ultradeep reservoirs tight sandstone fracture origin Junggar Basin

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Experimental investigation of laser surface processing of flexure silicon nitride ceramic

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2006年第S2期 558-565页

作者： A.P.MALSHE P．H．MCCLUSKEY Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Arkansas FayettevilleAR 72701USA Technology & Solutions Division Caterpillar Inc. PeoriaIL 61629USA

A continuous wave carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (λ=10.6μm) was employed to treat the surface of Si3N4 MOR (modulus of rupture) bars. The effects of the CO2 laser process on physical and mechanical properties of ground Si3N4 samples were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the area occupied by cavities and fracture is decreased by about 49.4% after laser treatments. Cross-sectional metallography results indicate that the secondary YSiAlON phase in the Si3N4 ceramic is softened/melted and flowed into the defects. Four-point bending tests show that the flexural strength of the treated samples is improved to 10.9%. Fractographic analysis show that the fracture origins move from the surface to subsurface. It is concluded that laser surface processing have significant effects on fracture behavior of flexure Si3N4 ceramic.

关键词： Si3N4 silicon nitride ceramic laser surface processing surface integrity flexural strength fracture origin

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