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New approaches to identification and characterization of tioconazole in raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第1期9卷 40-48页

作者： Natalia L.Calvo Vera A.Alvarez María C.Lamas Darío Leonardi Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR CONICET-UNR) área Análisis de Medicamentos Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP) Instituto de Investigaciones de Cienciay Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA CONICET-UNMdP) área Técnica Farmacéutica Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario

Tioconazole(TCZ), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has significant activity against Candida albicans and other Candida species, and therefore, it is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses.The main goal of this work is to report an exhaustive identification and characterization procedure to improve and facilitate the online quality control and continuous process monitoring of TCZ in bulk material and loaded in two different dosage forms: ovules and nail lacquer. The methodologies were based on thermal(differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), melting point, and thermogravimetry(TG)),spectroscopic(ultraviolet(UV), Raman, near infrared(NIR), infrared spectroscopy coupled to attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)), microscopic and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The TCZ bulk powder showed a high crystallinity, as observed by XRD, with a particles size distribution(3–95 mm) resolved by microscopic measurements. TCZ melting point(82.8 °C) and a degradation peak centered at 297.8 °C were obtained by DSC and DTG, respectively. An unambiguous structure elucidation of TCZ was obtained by mono-and two-dimensional1 H and13 C NMR spectral data analysis. The FTIR-ATR, Raman and NIR spectra of both the raw material and the commercial products were analyzed and their characteristic bands were tabulated. The best methods for TCZ identification in ovules were DSC, TG, XRD, NIR and Raman, while NIR and FTIR-ATR were the most appropriate techniques to analyze it in the nail lacquer. DSC, TG, DRX, Raman, FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopy are effective techniques to be used in online process analysis, because they do not require sample preparation, and they are considerably sensitive to analyze complex samples.

关键词： Tioconazole Identification Characterization Pharmaceutical dosage forms Spectroscopic methods

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Curvature estimate of steepest descents of 2-dimensional maximal space-like hyper surfaces on space forms

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2020年第1期15卷 167-181页

作者： Peihe WANG Jianchun WANG School of Mathematical Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China Weifang No.7 Middle School Weifang 261021China

For the maximal space-like hypersurface defined on 2-dimensional space forms,based on the regularity and the strict convexity of the level sets,the steepest descents are well defined.In this paper,we come to estimate ... 详细信息

关键词： Space forms steepest descents maximal space-like hypersurface

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Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 665-674页

作者： YUAN Changbo ZHU Tianshun CAO Te XI Yilong ZHANG Xiaolin NI Leyi Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt Anhui Province College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000 China College of Life Sciences Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.

关键词： macrophytes life forms phenolics antioxidant enzymes eutrophication

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Occurrence of Different forms and Implications of Compound Specific Sterols in Continental Sediments of the Northeast South China Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第2期93卷 420-429页

作者： QIU Hong ZOU Li ZHANG Minsheng ZHU Chaoqi JIA Yonggang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Education Key Laboratory fo r Marine Environment and Ecology Ocean University of China The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of China

The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27^(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.

关键词： sterols sediments occurrence forms transformation northeast South China Sea

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Evolution of the “Neutral” : Diverse forms of Wide-Compatibility Haplotypes at the Locus for Reproductive Isolation

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 539-540页

作者： Yohei Koide Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityKita 9 Nishi 9SapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan

One of the biggest questions in evolutionary biology is how biological species arose.Since biological species are groups of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayer,1942),reproductive isolation is the key process of the speciation.Among various isolating barriers,postzygotic barriers ranging from maladaptation to inviability or sterility in the offspring have attracted biologists’attention because of the problem of the evolution of the“unfit”offspring.A clear model to solve this problem is the Dobzhansky-Muller(DM)model(Figure 1;Coyne and Orr,2004),in which incompatibilities are generally caused by an interaction between the genes that have functionally diverged in each population without selection opposing any intermediate step(Coyne and Orr,2004).

关键词： Figure forms breeding

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The forms and Overall Characteristics of Dong Brocade

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China Book International 2024年第1期 102-105页

作者： Chen Xiaoling Fashion Depar tment at Hunan Institute of Engineering

This book,through field surveys,literature review,and classification,explores the origins and heritage of Dong Brocade.It analyzes the cultural,artistic,and aesthetic features of Dong Brocade in Xiangxi Corridor,along with its weaving techniques.It then proposes ideas for the innovative development and protective heritage of Dong Brocade and explains in detail how to apply Dong Brocade art in designing creative products.

关键词： Broca forms apply

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Relationship between catchment characteristics and nitrogen forms in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 429-433页

作者： JIN Shuquan LU Jun CHEN Dingjiang SHEN Yena SHI Yiming Department of Natural Resources College of Environmental Science and Natural Resources Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310029 China. China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition Hangzhou 310029 China Ecology and Environment Institute Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science Ningbo 315040 China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.

关键词： catchment characteristics nitrogen forms spatial and temporal variation Cao-E River Basin

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基于forms的在线评价技术

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中国信息技术教育 2022年第11期 76-79页

作者：莫滨陈之若龚剑庄紫园刘寅江苏省南京市第十八中学微软(中国)有限公司东南大学马克思主义学院

2020年,因新冠疫情,学校推迟开学[1-2],基于网络平台“停课不停学”的线上授课迅速兴起[3],但在在网络授课中,教师针对作业评价、检测评价,普遍缺乏有效手段。针对此种情况,笔者尝试应用Office 365中的forms表单予以解决。

关键词： forms 网络平台表单作业评价 Office 在线评价检测评价网络授课

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The potential risks of emerging pollutants:forms,features and management actions

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Ecological Economy 2022年第2期18卷 156-160页

作者： CHEN Shu-peng Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai 201306CHINA

Emerging pollutants are synthetic or chemical or micro-organic contaminants unregulated,which constitutes potent risks and dangers for human environment and,finally,its health.However,due to their potential risks in production,use and contamination,both states and the public are hardly aware of their potential damages done to health and the environment before it is a little too late.New forms of pollutants are emerging for modern world with unprecedented risks worthy of wariness.The present article explores the categories of newly emerging pollutants,analyses their features and attempts to come up with technological and managerial solutions in managing emerging pollutants of such nature as organic pollutants,Environmental Endocrine Disruptors,etc.The paper also provides suggestions in taking actions leading to effective management and treatment of the emerging pollutants.

关键词： potential features forms

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Address forms in Chinese audit opinions

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2014年第4期7卷 247-261页

作者： Ziye Zhao Institute of Accounting and Finance School of Accountancy Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

Although forms of address are widely used in textual and other types of disclosure,empirical evidence of their effects is rare.China provides a unique setting in which to test the economic consequences of the forms of address used in audit reports.From 2003 to 2011,about 60%of auditors surveyed addressed their clients by their real names in audit opinions,while the others used honorifics.Based on a sample of Chinese audit opinions,I report the following findings.First,the announcement of an audit opinion that uses the client’s real name elicits a greater market response than the announcement of an opinion featuring an honorific form of address.Second,the effects of real-name forms of address are stronger in firms with weak board governance.Third,the association between audit fees and audit risk factors,such as loss-making,is stronger in firms that are addressed by their real names in audit reports.I conclude from these findings that the forms of address used in audit opinions may reveal private information on audit quality.The results of this study are consistent with the power-solidarity effect described by sociolinguists.

关键词： Address forms Audit independence Power-solidarity effect Politeness principle

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