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Experimental Study on formation conditions of Ammoniojarosite and Its Environmental Significance

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第2期80卷 296-301页

作者： WANG Changqiu MA Shengfeng LU Anhuai ZHOU Jiangong School of Earth and Space Sciences Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037

formation conditions of ammoniojarosite in system Fe2（SO4）3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O are investigated in this paper. The results show that ammoniojarosite can be formed rapidly under normal temperature and pressure by controlling suitable pH value and Fe2（SO4）3 and （NH4）2SO4 concentrations. The pH value, temperature and concentration of Fe2（SO4）3 medium are key factors influencing the formation of ammoniojarosite. Under normal temperature, precipitation of ammoniojarosite can be seen within 24 hours at pH values between 2.6-3.1, and a great quantity of ammoniojarosite is formed within 48 hours. At about 90℃, the pH value range forming ammoniojarosite extends to 1.2-3.1, and within this range the rise of pH value is advantageous to the formation of ammoniojarosite and high Fe2（SO4）3 concentration is also advantageous. Relative pure ammoniojarosite is synthesized under high Fe2（SO4）3 concentration （≥0.05 M） and ammoniojarosite containing melanterite and colloid amorphous hydroxide vitriol iron is formed at low Fe2（SO4）3 concentration. The deposition process of ammoniojarosite can be used to harness wastewater from mines and other industries and remove S, Fe and other toxic and harmful elements, such as As, Cr, Hg, Pb in water. Rapid formation of ammoniojarosite and other jarosite analogs under normal temperature and pressure has a good potential prospect for harnessing acid wastewater by means of precipitation of jarosite and its analogs.

关键词： ammoniojarosite formation conditions harness of acid wastewater environmental significance

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Prediction of Structure-H Gas Hydrate formation conditions for Reservoir Fluids

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005年第4期13卷 484-490页

作者： MA Qinglan（马庆兰） CHEN Guangjin（陈光进） GUO Tianmin（郭天民） ZHANG Kun（张坤） Julian Y. Zuo Dan Zhang Heng-Joo Ng High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior ＆ Property Research Laboratory China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Department of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China DBR Software Inc. Canada

In this work, a thermodynamic model is developed for prediction of structure H hydrate formation. The model combines the Peng-Robinson equation of state for the vapor, liquid and aqueous phases with the extended Ng-Robinson hydrate model for gas hydrate formation of all three structures. The parameters of 14 structure- H hydrate formers are determined based on the experimental data of structure-H hydrates in the literature. The expression of fugacity of water in the empty hydrate phase is correlated for calculating structure-H hydrate formation conditions in the absence of free water. The model is tested by predicting hydrate formation conditions of a number of structure-H hydrate forming systems which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed model is also applied to the prediction of hydrate formation conditions for various reservoir fluids such as natural gas and gas condensate.

关键词： structure-H hydrate model formation conditions reservoir fluids

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A Comparative Geochemistry Study of Several Oil Shale-Bearing Intervals in the Paleogene Huadian formation,Huadian Basin,Northeast China

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第4期28卷 645-655页

作者： Yu Song Zhaojun Liu Pingchang Sun Qingtao Meng Rong Liu College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Paragenetic Energy Minerals of Jilin Province Changchun 130061China

The Huadian Basin is an oil shale-bearing basin located in northeastern China. Thirteen oil shale layers deposited in this basin, and the characteristics of oil shale are different among these oil shale layers. Based on the core observation and microscope identification, using the organic and inor- ganic data from borehole HD3 and outcrops, the formation conditions of different grade oil shale have been evaluated. Based on measuring oil yield （OY in short） of an oil shale to determine its grade, this paper classifies the oil shale as high grade （OY〉10%）, medium grade （10%〉OY〉5%） and low grade （5%〉OY〉3.5%）. The high grade oil shale is mainly in brown or dark brown, and the bulk density ranges from 1.59 to 1.81 g/cm3. The results of X-ray diffraction indicate the content of carbonate min- erals is 28.0%. The HI （hydrogen index）-Tmax, HI-OI （oxygen index） and S2-TOC （total organic carbon） diagrams indicate the kerogen types are I and II1. The high grade oil shale generally formed in the rela- tively arid paleoclimate, deposited in the brackish water, dysoxic environment, when the bioprodctivity is extremely high, and the information is mainly from the inorganic parameters diagrams of chemical index of alteration （CIA）, Sr/Ba and V/（V＋Ni）. The medium grade oil shale mainly shows grey-black or black-brown color and the bulk density ranges from 1.87 to 2.08 g/cm^3. The average content of carbon- ate minerals is 16.4%, far less than high grade oil shale and the kerogen type is mainly IIm. The inor- ganic parameters diagrams reflect the medium grade oil shale generally formed in the less humid pa- leoclimate, deposited in the brackish water, dysoxic to anoxic environment, when the bioproductivity is medium. The color of low grade oil shale is major in grey-black or dark grey and the bulk density ranges from 2.00 to 2.15 g/cm^3. The average content of carbonate minerals is sharply decreased and the kerogen type is mainly II1. The inorganic parameters diagrams indicate the lo

关键词： oil shale grade formation conditions controlling factors Huadian Basin China.

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论八旗意识及产生条件

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民族问题研究 2005年第2期 55-60页

作者：张佳生

八旗是与八旗制度相伴而生的由多民族组成的社会群体，有着300多年的发展历史。在这漫长的过程中，八旗独特的管理方式，以及他们在交融过程中形成的政治、经济利益的一致和社会生活的相近与相同，使八旗成为与“民人”有显著差别的社... 详细信息

八旗是与八旗制度相伴而生的由多民族组成的社会群体，有着300多年的发展历史。在这漫长的过程中，八旗独特的管理方式，以及他们在交融过程中形成的政治、经济利益的一致和社会生活的相近与相同，使八旗成为与“民人”有显著差别的社会群体。这种差别不仅使八旗能够独立存在于现实社会中，而且能够产生不同于“民人”的思想意识，即“八旗意识”。这个超越民族范畴而存在的社会集团，蕴涵着重要的历史信息，对我们今天的社会也许不无启示。

关键词：八旗意识产生条件 the Eight Banners ideology formation conditions

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A high temperature equation of state for the H2O-CaCl2 and H2O-MgCl2 systems

A high temperature equation of state for the H2O-CaCl2 and H...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： Nancy Moller John H.Weare Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 0340University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

An equation of state(EOS) is developed for salt-water systems in the high temperature *** an example of the applications,this EOS is parameterized for the calculation of density, immiscibility,and the compositions of coexisting phases in the CaCl-HO and MgCl-HO systems from 523 to 973 K and from saturation pressure to 1500 *** available volumetric and phase equilibrium measurements of these binaries are well represented by this *** EOS is based on a Helmholtz free energy representation constructed from a reference system containing hard-sphere and polar contributions plus an empirical *** the temperature and pressure range in this study,the electrolyte solutes are assumed to be *** water molecules are modeled as hard spheres with point dipoles and the solute molecules,MgCl and CaCl,as hard spheres with point *** free energy of the reference system is calculated from an analytical representation of the Helmholtz free energy of the hard-sphere contributions and perturbative estimates of the electrostatic *** empirical correction used to account for deviations of the reference system predictions from measured data is based on a virial *** formalism allows generalization to aqueous systems containing insoluble gases (CO,CH),alkali chlorides(NaCl,KCl),and alkaline earth chlorides(CaCl,MgCl).The program of this model is available as an electronic annex(see EA1 and EA2) and can also be downloaded at:http://***/***.

关键词： Methane hydrate carbon dioxide hydrate thermodynamic stability electrolyte solution phase equilibrium formation conditions

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A model to predict phase equilibrium of CH4 and CO2 elathrate hydrate in aqueous electrolyte solutions

A model to predict phase equilibrium of CH4 and CO2 elathrat...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： Zhenhao Duan~* and Rui Sun State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100029,China

A thermodynamic model to predict phase equilibrium of methane and carbon dioxide hydrate in aqueous electrolyte solutions is *** the Pitzer model to account for the variation of water activity due to electrolytes and dissolved gas in aqueous solutions,we extended the model based on ab initio molecular potential developed recently by us for the CH-HO and CO-HO binary systems to the CH(or CO-HO-salts *** of the model with extensive experimental data indicates that this model can accurately predict the phase equilibrium of CH hydrate and CO hydrate in various electrolyte solutions(such as aqueous NaCl,KCl, CaCl,NaCl + KCl,NaCl + CaCl solutions,and seawater) from zero to high ionic strength(about 6 m) and from low to high pressures.

关键词： Methane hydrate carbon dioxide hydrate thermodynamic stability electrolyte solution phase equilibrium formation conditions

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