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Does a shift in shade tolerance as suggested by seedling morphology explain differences in regeneration success of northern red oak in native and introduced ranges?

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 949-962页

作者： Peter Nosko Kerri Moreau Christian Kuehne Kelly C.Major Jürgen Bauhus Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing UniversityNorth BayONP1B 8L7Canada Chair of Silviculture Freiburg University79085FreiburgGermany Division of forestry and forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchP.O.Box 1151431ÅsNorway Tulloch Engineering 1942 Regent StUnit LSudburyONP3E 5V5Canada

Across North America, forests dominated by Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak), a moderately shade-tolerant tree species, are undergoing successional replacement by shade-tolerant competitors. Under closed canopies, Q. rubra seedlings are unable to compete with these shade-tolerant species and do not recruit to upper forest strata. In Europe, natural regeneration of introduced Q. rubra is often successful despite the absence of fire, which promotes regeneration in the native range. Considering that understorey light availability is a major factor affecting recruitment of seedlings, we hypothesized that Q. rubra seedlings are more shade tolerant in the introduced range than in the native range. Morphological traits and biomass allocation patterns of seedlings indicative of shade tolerance were compared for Q. rubra and three co-occurring native species in two closed-canopy forests in the native range (Ontario, Canada) and introduced range (Baden-Württemburg, Germany). In the native range, Q. rubra allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots, while in the introduced range, growth and allocation patterns favored the development of leaves. Q. rubra seedlings had greater annual increases in height, diameter and biomass in the introduced range. Q. rubra seedlings in the introduced range were also younger;however, they had a mean area per leaf and a total leaf area per seedling that were five times greater than seedlings in the native range. Such differences in morphological traits and allocation patterns support the hypothesis that Q. rubra expresses greater shade tolerance in the introduced range, and that natural regeneration of Q. rubra is not as limited by shade as in the native range. The ability of Q. rubra seedlings to grow faster under closed canopies in Europe may explain the discrepancy in regeneration success of this species in native and introduced ranges. Future research should confirm findings of this study over a greater geographical range in native

关键词： Alien species Cross-continental study forest regeneration Introduced species Seedling morphology Plant functional traits Quercus rubra

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Surface runoff and soil erosion in a natural regeneration area of the Brazilian Cerrado

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 124-130页

作者： Karina dos Santos Falcao Elói Panachuki Felipe das Neves Monteiro Roniedison da Silva Menezes Dulce B.B.Rodrigues Jullian Souza Sone Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Department of Agronomy State University of Mato Grosso do SulAgronomy DepartmentAquidauanaMS79200-000Brazil Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul CxP 549Campo GrandeMS79070-900Brazil Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Sao Carlos School of EngineeringUniversity of Sao PauloCxP.359Sao CarlosSP13566-590Brazil

The Brazilian Cerrado has been converted to farmland,and there is little evidence that this expansion will decrease,mainly because agriculture is the country's main economic ***,the impacts of intense modification of land use and land cover on surface runoff and soil erosion are still poorly un-derstood in this ***,we assessed surface runoff and soil loss in a woodland Cerrado area under a former pasture area,which was abandoned and has undergone a natural regeneration process for 7 years(RC).Its results were compared with that found in an undisturbed area of woodland Cerrado(CE),40-month-old eucalyptus(3.0×1.8 m)(EU),and pasture under rotational grazing(PA).The study was conducted on Red Acrisol located in the Brazilian *** performed rainfall simulations on a plot of 0.7 m2 and using three constant rainfall intensities of 60,90,and 120 mm h-1 for 1 *** each rainfall intensity,we carried out four repetitions using different plots in each treatment,i.e.12 plots per treat-ment studied and 48 plots in *** noted that the soil physical properties were improved in RC and,consequently,water infiltration and soil erosion control;RC presented surface runoff and soil loss different from EU and PA(a=0.05).The macroporosity and soil bulk density affected surface runoff in RC and PA because the RC was used as pasture and is currently regenerating back to the cerrado *** the rainfall intensity increased,EU became more similar to PA,which showed the highest surface runoff and soil *** findings indicate that natural regeneration processes(pasture to the cerrado vegetation)tend to improve the soil ecosystem services,improving infiltration and reducing surface runoff and soil erosion.

关键词： Cerrado deforestation forest regeneration Soil erosion

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Effect of competition on spatial patterns of oak forests on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第1期9卷 122-131页

作者： KANG Di DENG Jian QIN Xiaowei HAO Fei GUO Shujuan HAN Xinhui YANG Gaihe College of forestry Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province Yangling 712100 China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China Spice and Beverage Institute Research Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Wanning 730070 China Yunnan Baiyao Group CO. LTD Kunming 650500 China

Reforestation or natural forest regeneration is an alternative measure for controlling soil erosion in degraded land on the Chinese Loess Plateau（CLP）. However, our understanding of the temporal dynamics and the spatial patterns of forest regeneration remains inadequate. Two oak forests at different development stages were investigated to determine the spatial patterns of competitions（intraspecies and interspecies） during different successional stages. The intraspecies and interspecies spatial relationships among different tree diameters at breast height were analyzed at multiple scales by Kriging interpolation method and univariate and bivariate O-ring statistics. Our analytical results indicated that self-correlation and competition intensity were relatively high between oak and pine trees in the early development stage of oak forests due to their clumped distributions of heavy seeds. Birch trees had a lower competition in comparison to oak trees although birch was the dominant species. Therefore, asymmetric competition of oak trees was most likely to have led to their edge dispersal and their success in replacing the pioneer species. Asymmetric competition means that larger individuals obtained a disproportionately large share of the resources and suppressed the growth of smaller individuals. Kriging interpolation analysis showed a tendency towards homogenization caused by interspecies competition during the succession of oak forests. Our results demonstrated that the competition was the driving factor in the spatial distribution of oak forests on the CLP.

关键词： arid and semi-arid region forest regeneration competition spatial pattern oak forests

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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo Jan F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael J.Lawes Patrick A.Omeja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance forest regeneration

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Effect of scots pine forest management on soil properties and carabid beetle occurrence under post-fire environmental conditions——a case study from Central Europe

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forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 366-377页

作者： Ewa Błońska Bartłomiej Bednarz Magdalena Kacprzyk Wojciech Piaszczyk Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and forest Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAl.29-go Listopada 4631-425KrakówPoland Department of forest Ecosystems Protection Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAl.29-go Listopada 4631-425KrakówPoland

Background: Fires have a fundamental impact on phytocoenoses and, depending on the size of the fire, can have a positive or negative effect. The role of fires in the formation of the species composition of plants, restoration of stands and changes in soil properties is well studied. However, the long-term relationship between forest management methods, soil properties and epigeic entomofauna assemblages in post-fire areas is still not clear. The effects of Scots pine stand management methods on biochemical soil properties and ground beetle assemblages in the largest post-fire area in Central Europe after the second World were investigated. The study was conducted in the Rudy Raciborskie forest district in southern Poland. The soil properties and epigeic beetle community structure were analysed. The research covered areas with natural and artificial pine regeneration, which were subjected to various care ***: The tendency for higher accumulations of organic matter in the soil of stands that underwent natural regeneration was proven. The stimulating role of soil organic carbon on the activity of dehydrogenases in the soil of naturally renewed areas with silvicultural treatment(NRAT) was noted. Regardless of the manner of stand regeneration, the activity of β-glucosidase was higher in the areas in which breeding treatments were ***, managed forest stands presented a higher abundance of carabid beetles than stands without treatment practices. Thirteen epigeic beetle species from the families Geotrupidae, Carabidae, Curculionidae,Cerambycidae and Silphidae were captured, with beetles from the first two families being the most numerous. Rare epigeal carabid species in the fauna of Poland and Europe, such as Carabus glabratus(Paykull) and Carabus auronitens Fabr., found appropriate habitat conditions for survival in the post-fire areas. Compared with the other areas, in the NRAT area, there were better stand and soil properties and more fea

关键词： Stand treatment strategy forest regeneration Enzyme activity Soil organic carbon Epigeic beetle assemblage structure

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Seed Dynamics in Relation to Gaps in a Tropical Montane Rainforest of Hainan Island,South China:(Ⅰ)Seed Rain

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第11期49卷 1565-1572页

作者： Run-Guo Zang Wei-Yin Zhang Yi Ding Kay Laboratory of forest Ecology and Environment the State Forestry Administration Institute of forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forastry Beijing 100091 China

Seed dynamics is an important part of stand dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this paper, 26 gaps were randomly selected to study the influence of gaps on the spatial and temporal patterns of seed rains in a tropical montane rainforest of Hainan Island, South China. Three zones for each gap, including outside gap zone （Non-gap）, transitional gap zone （EG-CG）, and central gap zone （CG）, were designed, and fourseed traps （each lm x lm in size） were placed in each zone. Seed rains were collected by these traps every 10 days from June 2001 to May 2002. Seed rain varied greatly with season and generally exhibited a pattern of unimodal change during the study period： seed abundance and species richness were both greater in the wet season than in the dry season. Gaps significantly influenced the temporal patterns of both species richness and density of seed rains. Gaps had no significant influences on the spatial distribution patterns of seed rain species richness, but significantly affected the spatial distribution pattern of seed rain densities. Among the three different zones of gaps, the outside gap zone generally received more seeds inputs than the two other gap zones.

关键词： forest regeneration gap dynamics Hainan Island seed dispersal seed rain supply-side process tropical montane rain forest.

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Structural development of vegetation on rehabilitated North Stradbroke Island:Above/belowground feedback may facilitate alternative ecological outcomes

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 195-211页

作者： Patrick Audet Amanda Gravina Vanessa Glenn Phill McKenna Helen Vickers Melina Gillespie David Mulligan Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane(St.Lucia)QLD 4072Australia

Introduction:This study depicts broad-scale revegetation patterns following sand mining on North Stradbroke Island,south-eastern Queensland,***:Based on an ecological timeline spanning 4–20 years post-rehabilitation,the structure of these ecosystems(n=146)was assessed by distinguishing between periods of‘older’(pre-1995)and‘younger’(post-1995)rehabilitation ***:The general rehabilitation outlook appeared promising,whereby an adequate forest composition and suitable levels of native biodiversity(consisting of mixed-eucalypt communities)were achieved across the majority of rehabilitated sites over a relatively short ***,older sites(n=36)appeared to deviate relative to natural analogues as indicated by their lack of under-storey heath and simplified canopy composition now characterised by mono-dominant black sheoak(Allocasuarina littoralis)reaching up to 60%of the total tree *** changes coincided with lower soil fertility parameters(e.g.,total carbon,total nitrogen,and nutrient holding capacity)leading us to believe that altered growth conditions associated with the initial mining disturbance could have facilitated an opportunistic colonisation by this *** established,it is suspected that the black sheoak’s above/belowground ecological behaviour(i.e.,relating to its leaf-litter allelopathy and potential for soil-nitrogen fixation)further exacerbated its mono-dominant distribution by inhibiting the development of other native ***:Although rehabilitation techniques on-site have undergone refinements to improve site management,our findings support that putative changes in edaphic conditions in combination with the competitive characteristics of some plant species can facilitate conditions leading to alternative ecological outcomes among rehabilitated *** on these outcomes,future studies would benefit from in depth spatio-temporal analyses to verify these mechanisms at finer investigative sc

关键词： Eucalypts Mono-dominance forest regeneration Ecological restoration Mineral sands Mining

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Arrested development? Investigating the role of bamboo in Araucaria forest succession in Southern Brazil

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 1034-1046页

作者： Betina Kellermann AndréEduardo Biscaia Lacerda EMBRAPA forestry Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEstrada da Ribeirakm 111Caixa Postal 319Colombo 83411-000PRBrazil

Aims Assessing the role of a dominant native bamboo species on tree species diversity and structure in the medium *** Over a 7-year period,we studied the natural regeneration of two dominant forest types in Southern Brazil(Araucaria forest or AF;Bamboo forest or BF)after a bamboo(Merostachys skvortzovii Send.)die-off between 2004 and *** study was carried out in the Embrapa Research Station in Cacador,Santa Catarina State,*** Findings The die-off provided ideal conditions for the establishment of several species and it kickstarted forest succession dynamics,which in turn affected regeneration *** species richness was relatively stable with a transitory increase between 2007 and 2014 in both AF and ***,species richness rose in BF because of a relative increase in abundance of some species(especially late and secondary species)while a plunge in some pioneer species drove an increase in ***,we found that BF has a lower diversity of recruits and that density declined over time,while AF is more diverse,with a more stable *** BF,the bamboo die-off created optimal conditions for initial regeneration development(mainly fast-growing pioneer trees),which quickly transited to higher size ***,after this initial stage of pioneer recruitment,the number of recruits dropped followed by a virtual absence of growth regardless of the species group as a result of a quick bamboo *** bamboo recreated a dense understory it reduced species diversity to original levels,suggesting a self-maintaining cycle that halts forest *** the other hand,the bamboo die-off had little impact on AF where a slow recruitment process typical of old-growth forests was *** results indicate that the die-off event had a temporary effect on species diversity *** to forests where bamboos are dominant in a similar process described in other southern South American *** the first study to obser

关键词： dominant species Merostachys skvortzovii Send. forest succession biodiversity forest regeneration

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Native Species Composition and Diversity of Valuable Woody Plants regeneration during Fallow Period in Kamwatta, Moruca, Guyana

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Open Journal of forestry 2023年第3期13卷 278-293页

作者： Shondell Rodrigues Susy Lewis Colis Primo Faculty of Agriculture and forestry University of Guyana Georgetown Guyana Environmental Protection Agency Georgetown Guyana

An intelligent method of shifting cultivation to regenerate vegetation after a long fallow period is critical information for restoration strategies. The literature review identified that the assessment of woody plant species on abandoned farmland has never been done before in Kamwatta, Moruca Region 1. In addition, more information should be available in indigenous communities and at the national level, including more documentation of the utilization of natural resources by the Warrau community. This study assessed the valuable woody plant species that grew during the fallow periods. Nine farmlands were randomly selected along a 100 m transect, each with varying fallow periods. In order to collect information on the age of farm abandonment, the researcher employed a mixed-methods approach. First, we found how long each farm had been fallow by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, we conducted a flora survey to gain information on the variety and abundance of valuable plants using the age of farm abandonment as a dependent variable. The data analysis included the number of valuable woody trees with a diameter of >10 cm, seedlings and saplings with a diameter of <10 cm, the location of identified trees, and the uses of identified tree species. Microsoft Excel was used to code and analyze the questionnaire, while QGIS, Shannon’s Index of Diversity, and Simple Linear Regression were used to analyze the inventory data. The results showed that the respondents listed 38 valuable woody species, and 79% occurred in the studied area. The field verification revealed that the dominant family in the area was Mimosaceae. Species abundance increased with fallow up to 10 years before declining in the latter years. Plant diversity and abundance had a weak relationship with the age of abandoned farmlands for woody trees, while the seedlings and saplings showed no relationship.

关键词： Native Woody Plants Fallow Time forest regeneration Species Diversity Species Abundance

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Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Logging Rate in the Brazilian Amazon forest

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Open Journal of forestry 2014年第2期4卷 100-105页

作者： Evaldo Munoz Braz Patricia Povoa de Mattos Mariana Ferraz Oliveira Renato Olivir Basso Embrapa forestry ColomboBrazil Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaBrazil Elabore Projetos e Consultoria Florestal SinopBrazil

Data of increment of the remnant trees after logging, ingrowth and mortality was obtained by assessment before logging and after 6 years, two sites of 50 ha, in Amazon forest. Logging scenarios were simulated to identify the logging rate potential for each studying site, by diameter class projection method. The cycle of 35 years and the logging rate of 30 ***-1 exceed the time required for recovery in the primary forest, in the studied site. The simulation showed that in the studying area, a well-planned logging, with minimum logging damage would be possible to implement an initial cycle of 25 years to the forest to recover 30 ***-1, if 50% of the timber stock were reserved. The forest increment, beyond important factors such as the increase of individual species, is quite dependent on the remnant trees.

关键词： Diametric Structure forest regeneration Cut Cycle forest Growth

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