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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 484-497页

作者： David Briskey Haibo Zhang Zhixian Chen Amanda Rao RDC Clinical Brisbane Australia School of Health Science and Engineering Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function Angel Yeast Co. Ltd. Yichang China

Background: 1-3, 1-6 β-glucan derived from Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been widely studied for its immune stimulatory capabilities and safety. Previous studies found β-glucan to have efficacy at reducing incidence of URTIs as well as being a low risk for negative side effects. The current study aimed to examine the effects of yeast β-glucan (Angel Yeast) on cold and flu incidences and symptoms in healthy adults. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-one males and females aged 18 to 65 years old supplemented with either β-glucan or a placebo for 3-months. Participants completed a general health questionnaire every 4 weeks and in addition, if participants experienced any cold or flu symptoms, these were recorded daily (along with severity) until resolved or up to 2 weeks. Results: Supplementation with β-glucan reduced the self-reported severity of sore throats and improved sleep quality compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: Yeast β-glucan supplementation appears to be able to help reduce certain symptoms experienced during a cold or flu episode and is safe and well tolerated.

关键词： Beta-Glucan Cold flu Baker’s Yeast

On the Centenary of the Spanish flu: Being Prepared for the Next Pandemic

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第6期33卷 463-466页

作者： William J.Liu Yuhai Bi Dayan Wang George F.Gao Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)Beijing 102206China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Influenza is one of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans. Every influenza pandemic in history has ended with disastrous outcomes regarding public health and the social economy. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Spanish flu (H1N1) outbreak of 1918, which is recognized as the most lethal natural event in recent history.

关键词： Being Prepared for the Next Pandemic On the Centenary of the Spanish flu

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Swine flu in Asia

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 80-82页

作者： Viroj Wiwanitkit Wiwanitkit House BangkhaeBangkok 10160Thailand

Emerging swine flu(variant H1N1 influenza virus infection) is a new problem in *** outbreaks in Mexico,USA and Canada bring attention to medical scientists that thing infection might finalize in the global pandemic **... 详细信息

关键词： Swine flu Asia

北京市流感大流行医疗救治能力评估：flu Surge模型的应用及适用条件的初步探索

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中华流行病学杂志 2008年第2期29卷 191-194页

作者：时颖曾光马会来施国庆钟豪杰窦丰满张萍阮峰张钧孙辉中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目北京100050 中国疾病预防控制中心

根据F1u Surge模型估算的北京市应对流感大流行医疗救治能力结果对该模型的适用条件进行讨论，为科学运用该模型提供依据。通过对北京市医疗机构资源的调查，以fluSurge模型估算流感大流行时各医疗机构的医疗救治能力，并结合北京市医... 详细信息

根据F1u Surge模型估算的北京市应对流感大流行医疗救治能力结果对该模型的适用条件进行讨论，为科学运用该模型提供依据。通过对北京市医疗机构资源的调查，以fluSurge模型估算流感大流行时各医疗机构的医疗救治能力，并结合北京市医疗机构实际情况对flu Surge模型的适用条件进行初步探索。flu Surge模型估算流感罹患率为35％时，北京市的流感患者将达到5383000人，就诊患者2691500例，住院治疗患者76450例，死亡14508例；需占用普通病床、ICU和呼吸机分别为8％、210％和128％。一、二、三级医疗机构每日每个门／急诊将分别达到1742、650和139例。现场调查医护人员流感防治知识技能正确率为63．4％，洗手方法正确率为73．5％，个人防护用品使用率为63．5％。以总床位数、内科床位数、呼吸科床位数估算床位使用率分别需要占用8％、35％和128％。结论根据模型估算结果，北京市医疗机构应对流感大流行ICU和呼吸机数量不足。模型估算结果可作为参考依据，但需要结合实际情况进行分析，全面、客观的看待模型估算结果。

关键词：流行性感冒大流行 flu Surge模型

flu Vaccine Coupled to Vitamin D Decrease the Frequency of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (Randomized Controlled Trial)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 353-358页

作者： C. Tayeh P. Noun A. Farah Y. Khalife G. Abi Fares M. Amm H. Feghali G. Nicolas M. C. Fadous Khalife Holy Spirit University of Kaslik University Hospital (UH)-Notre Dame Des Secours Byblos Lebanon

Introduction: Influenza disease is one of the major health concerns in pediatrics. One of the most recently suggested effects of vitamin D is preventing infectious diseases. The aim of our study was to compare flu vaccine effect to flu vaccine associated to vitamin D (100,000 UI per OS) in reducing respiratory tract infections in children. Patients and Methods: 347 healthy children aged 2 to 5 years randomly selected during fall 2012 and the following season fall 2013 were included;upper and lower respiratory tract infections following vaccination were noted. Our results were analyzed using SPSS program (Chi-square and T-test). Results: Out of a total of 347 children included, 150 received flu vaccine and 197 received flu vaccine plus vitamin D. 88 children from both groups manifested upper respiratory tract infections and 64 had lower respiratory tract infections. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups concerning the upper respiratory tract infection (p = 0.207) and a significant difference between groups for the lower respiratory tract infection (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Coupling vitamin D to flu vaccine provides no protection against upper respiratory infections but provides an effective strategy to decrease the rate of lower respiratory infections in children 2 - 5 years of age.

关键词： Influenza flu Vaccine Vitamin D Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

Exploring the Negative Perceptions Influencing the Refusal of flu Vaccination in the Older Adult Aged Greater than 60 Years Old: A Qualitative Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 55-83页

作者： Wa Kit Yu Elizabeth Puffett Oxford Institute of Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford The United Kingdom

Aim: To review and investigate the negative perceptions influencing the refusal of flu vaccination in the older adult population age older than 60-year-old. Methods: This literature review focus on the qualitative studies or qualitative data from the mix-design research. A structural search of databases was performed for qualitative studies or mix-design research containing qualitative methods which were published in English between 2011 and 2021. There are eight studies selected in total, including 6 pure qualitative studies and 2 mixed-design studies with qualitative research methods. Only the qualitative data would be analyzed during this literature review. Results: Five descriptive themes emerged: “Insufficient promotion for influenza vaccination by healthcare professionals”, “Anti-vaccination influence”, “Insufficient local policies for encouraging influenza vaccination in elders”, “The negative personal experience of influenza vaccination” and “The negative perception of influenza vaccination from social network”. And one analytical theme was developed: “The cultural influence of influenza vaccination”. “Anti-vaccination influence” was the most significant theme out of the others, as this theme contained the greatest number of correlations to the other themes. Discussion: The six themes synthesized from the reviewed studies have correlations between them. The theme of anti-vaccine influence was the most significant theme with the evidence of the greatest number of correlations with the other theme. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors strengthen the effect of anti-vaccine perception in older adults, leading to refusal of influenza vaccination in older people population. Conclusion: The government should design new strategies for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults and acknowledge their needs culturally and financially. The cooperation of alternative medicine and mainstream western medicine maybe help for promoting influenza vaccination among old

关键词： Perceptions flu Vaccine Elder Refuse

Dual Use and Biosecurity: the Case of the Avian flu H5N1

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 123-127页

作者： Pieter J. D. Drenth Department of Psychology University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

The classical dual use problem—the potential for harmful as well as beneficial application of scientific findings—has become more immediate in biotechnology than in most other fields of science. Terrorist misuse of the information on the development of pathogenic organisms can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Therefore, particular in biosciences researchers are faced with the dilemma to find a proper balance between the right to know and the dangers of knowing. In this paper this dilemma is illustrated by the research on the influenza A virus subtype H5N1, commonly known as “bird flu”. The pros and cons of the full publication on the development of a dangerous airborne type are discussed.

关键词： Dual Use Biosecurity Biosafety Bird flu

Rationale for Treatment of Common Cold and flu with Multi-Ingredient Combination Products for Multi-Symptom Relief in Adults

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 73-82页

作者： Ron Eccles Ingo Fietze Uwe-Bernd Rose Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK Campus Charité Mitte—Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum BerlinGermany Burg Apotheke Konigstein/TaunusGermany

This up-to-date overview will look at the rationale for the recommendation of combination products for multi-symptom relief of common cold and flu. Common cold and flu are defined by their multi-symptom nature with data showing a variety of symptoms reported simultaneously each day over the first six days of illness. Multi-ingredient combination products for multi-symptom relief are formulated to safely, simply, and simultaneously treat multiple symptoms when used as directed. The rationale for the formulation combination products for common cold and flu is therefore practical, logical and reasonable. No evidence has been found that multi-symptom relief medicines are inherently less safe than single-active ingredient medicines. Multi-symptom relief combination products containing several active ingredients provide a safe, effective, cost-effective, and convenient way of treating the multiple symptoms of common cold and flu, when used as directed. This therapy requires some special information for the patient to be provided by the physician and the pharmacist.

关键词： Combination Products Multi-Symptom Relief Multi-Ingredient Common Cold flu

Spanish flu, SARS, MERS-CoV by CO<sub>2</sub>Emission and Maximal Sunspot Number

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 53-75页

作者： Tai-Jin Kim Department of Chemical Engineering University of Suwon Hwasung City South Korea

The 1918 Spanish flu, 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were investigated to reveal their causes and routes of transmission. They have the common features such as 1) the induction by viruses (Spanish flu;avian influenza virus (AIV), SARS and MERS-CoV;coronavirus), 2) the outbreak during the maximal sunspot number, 3) the aeolian desert dust region (Spanish flu;Saharan, SARS;Asian, MERS-CoV;Arabian), and 4) similar incubation period (AIV;5, SARS;2 - 7, MERS-CoV;5 days), 5) different transmission reservoir (Spanish flu;aquatic bird/swine, SARS;bat, MERS-CoV;bat/dromedary camel). When carbon dioxide (CO2) combustion emissions were simultaneously high at the maximal sunspot number, UV radiation in the Poles was so extensive to mutate the aquatic virus through the food web to be the fundamental reason for these pandemic. Guangdong Province and Hong Kong in China are the source of 2002-2003 SARS. The stranded dead whales and dolphins along the coast of the Persian Gulf might be fed on by coastal animals in the Arabian Desert to transmit MERS-CoV. Mutations in the hot temperature in the Arabian Desert and Persian Gulf, and the maximal sunspot numbers were observed in Saudi Arabia. Saudi crude burn in power plants since 2009 with coincidental outbreaks of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia since 2012 peaking in 2014. The reduction of CO2 emissions by nuclear power plants is a unique solution to decrease MERS-CoV outbreaks.

关键词： Spanish flu SARS MERS-CoV CO2 Emission Maximal Sunspot Number

Effects of flu vaccine, solely or accompanied by pneumovax-23 vaccine on clinical consequences of the respiratory diseases among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj

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Health 2014年第1期6卷 123-127页

作者： Soheyla Dabiran Seyed Mansour Razavi Ahmad Sabouri Kashani Mojgan Karbakhsh Haleh Naser-Hodjati Far Peyafarin Clinical Skills Training Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Educational Development Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Private Section Tehran Iran Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Background: Respiratory disorders are the most common diseases among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj. Some studies recommended flu and pneumococcal vaccines separately or in combination to reduce respiratory diseases occurrence and its morbidity. These effects are not clear in afflicted Hajj pilgrims. Objective: This is a cohort study that investigates the effects of above-mentioned vaccines each or their combination on respiratory syndromes and their consequences among Iranian pilgrims in Mecca. Method: The participants were 295 Iranian pilgrims from the beginning to the end of the journey. They were systematically observed for getting afflicted with a respiratory syndrome or not. In this study, we have assessed the effects of flu and pneumococcal vaccines on respiratory disease occurrence and on 8 clinical consequences including as: the duration of fever, duration of cough, duration of bed rest, presence of post nasal discharge and dirty sputum, the total disease length, and the number of referrals to the hospital, physician’s visits and complications. The data for this study were gathered through a questionnaire with 14 basic questions and 60 choices. This was processed using the SPSS software of 11.5 version, T- and Chi-square tests. Results: The results showed no significant correlations between the above-mentioned factors and vaccination with one or both flu and pneumovax-23 except for the duration of coughs which was significantly reduced in all cases (p flu and pneumovax-23 vaccines in Hajj.

关键词： Respiratory Disease flu Vaccine Pneumovax-23 Clinical Outcomes Hajj