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Geographic patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity of angiosperm genera in regional floras across the world

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plant Diversity 2023年第5期45卷 491-500页

作者： Hong Qian Shenhua Qian Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

Beta diversity(β-diversity)is the scalar between local(α)and regional(γ)diversity.Understanding geographic patterns ofβ-diversity is central to ecology,biogeography,and conservation biology.A full understanding of the origin and maintenance of geographic patterns ofβ-diversity requires exploring both taxonomic and phylogeneticβ-diversity,as well as their respective turnover and nestedness components,and exploring phylogenetic p-diversity at different evolutionary depths.In this study,we explore and map geographic patterns ofβ-diversity for angiosperm genera in regional floras across the world.We examine both taxonomic and phylogeneticβ-diversity and their constituent components,and both tip-weighted and basal-weighted phylogeneticβ-diversity,and relate them to latitude.On the one hand,our study found that the global distribution ofβ-diversity is highly heterogeneous.This is the case for both taxonomic and phylogeneticβ-diversity,and for both tip-weighted and basal-weighted phylogeneticβ-diversity.On the other hand,our study found that there are highly consistent geographic patterns among different metrics ofβ-diversity.In most cases,metrics ofβ-diversity are negatively associated with latitude,particularly in the Northern Hemisphere.Different metrics of taxonomicβ-diversity are strongly and positively correlated with their counterparts of phylogeneticβ-diversity.

关键词： Angiosperm Beta diversity flowering plant Latitudinal gradient Phylogenetic relatedness

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Effects of sesame nectar on longevity and fecundity of seven Lepidoptera and survival of four parasitoid species commonly found in agricultural ecosystems

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2534-2546页

作者： LIU Kai ZHU Ping-yang Lü Zhong-xian CHEN Gui-hua ZHANG Jing-ming Lü Yao-bing LU Yan-hui State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China Jinhua plant Protection Station Jinhua 321017 P.R. China School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University New South Wales 2800 Australia

Ecological engineering involves the use of plants to promote establishment, survival and efficiency of natural enemies in agricultural systems. Some plant species may be hosts or provide resources to some pest species. We assessed the risks and benefits of sesame （Sesamum indicum L.）, as a nectar source for seven economically important Lepidopteran pest and four parasitoid species in a range of vegetable crop systems. Our results showed that the mean Iongevities of arthropod parasitoids Pteromalus puparum （L.）, Encarsia sophia （Girault ＆ Dodd） and male Microplitis tuberculifer （Wesmael） were significantly extended when fed on sesame flowers compared to the water control. Sesame flowers had no effect on adult Iongevities and fecundities of six out of the seven Lepidoptera pest species tested except Plutella xyllostella （L.） females laid more eggs when fed on sesame flowers. It is likely that the increased fecundity is due to accessibility to nectar at the bottom of corolla because of their smaller body sizes. Our findings provide a first step towards better understanding of the risks and benefits of using sesame to implement ecological engineering for the management of vegetable pests.

关键词： Lepidopteran pests natural enemies flowering plant risks and benefits assessment ecological engineering

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