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flower development and sexual dimorphism in Vernicia montana

Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 586-600页

作者： Wenying Li Jingzhen Chen Xiang Dong Meilan Liu Guibin Wang Lin Zhang Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees Ministry of EducationCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunan 410004China State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource Hunan Academy of ForestryChangshaHunan 410004China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210037China

The mu oil tree(Vernicia montana Lour.) is a dioecious species, but the genetic mechanisms underlying its phenotypic sexual dimorphism are unclear. In this study, we determined two pivotal phases of sex differentiation of mu oil tree via morphological and histological analyses of unisexual flowers:(Ⅰ) differentiation of male or female primordia to produce staminate flowers(SFs) or transient hermaphrodite flowers(HFs),and(Ⅱ) complete abortion of stamens in transient HFs to generate pistillate flowers(PFs). A total of 1621 sex-biased genes were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis which exhibited elevated rates of protein evolution than unbiased genes. The female-biased genes were enriched in the production of defense compounds while male-biased genes were focused on the production of viable pollens. Transcriptomebased analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between PFs and SFs in phase Ⅰ involved in abscisic acid(ABA), auxin(AUX), cytokinin(CK), ethylene(ET), and gibberellin(GA) biosynthesis and signaling showed higher expression levels in males than in females in general, whereas the DEGs involved in jasmonic acid(JA) and salicylic acid(SA) pathways displayed opposite expression patterns. Moreover,differentially expressed endogenous ABA, AUX, GAs, JA, and SA exhibited consistent biased expression patterns with the DEGs by UPLC-MSbased analysis. Exogenous application of an anti-ethylene plant growth regulator could promote the development of stamens in PFs and generated HFs. Comparative transcriptomic and hormonal analyses of PFs and SFs in phase Ⅱ indicated an increase in ET concentration when abortion of stamens in PFs occurred. This study suggested that phytohormones play key roles in sex dimorphism and ET may determine the development of stamens in PFs of mu oil tree, which provides an insight into plant sex differentiation mechanisms.

关键词： Mu oil tree flower development Sexual dimorphism Sex bias Ethylene

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Species-specific regulatory pathways of small RNAs play sophisticated roles in flower development in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第2期9卷 237-249页

作者： Bo Liu Guanliang Li Chengjie Chen Zaohai Zeng Jing Xu Jisen Zhang Rui Xia Yuanlong Liu State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China Center for Genomics and Biotechnology Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China

flower development plays vital role in horticultural plants.Post-transcriptional regulation via small RNAs is important for plant flower development.To uncover post-transcriptional regulatory networks during the flower development in Dimocarpus longan Lour.‘Shixia’,an economically important fruit crop in subtropical regions,we collected and analyzed sRNA deep-sequencing datasets and degradome libraries Apart from identifying miRNAs and phased siRNA generating loci(PHAS loci),120 hairpin loci,producing abundant sRNAs,were identified by in-house protocols.Our results suggested that 56 miRNA-target pairs,2221-nt-PHAS loci,and 111 hairpin loci are involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing during longan reproductive development.Lineage-specific or species-specific post-transcriptional regulatory modules have been unveiled,including miR482-PHAS and miRN15.miR482-PHAS might be involved in longan flower development beyond their conserved roles in plant defense,and miRN15 is a novel miRNA likely associated with a hairpin locus(HPL-056)to regulate strigolactone receptor gene DWARF14(D14)and the biogenesis of phasiRNAs from D14.These small RNAs are enriched in flower buds,suggesting they are likely involved in post-transcriptional regulatory networks essential for longan flower development via the strigolactone signaling pathway.

关键词： Dimocarpus longan Lour Small RNAs flower development Post-transcriptional regulation

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Global Lysine Acetylome Analysis of flower Bud development in Catalpa bungei

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第3期91卷 507-524页

作者： Danlong Jing Nan Wang Nan Lu Guanzheng Qu Guolu Liang Wenjun Ma Shougong Zhang Junhui Wang State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China

Lysine acetylation,a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification,plays pivotal roles in regulating many biological processes in plants.However,the information of lysine acetylation during flower development of woody angiosperm remains unclear.Herein,we identified a total of 667 lysine acetylation sites in 467 proteins in flower buds of Catalpa Bungei.The acetylated proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of carbon metabolism,glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.Using functional enrichment analysis,61 and 13 acetylated proteins were involved in the glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation pathways,respectively.This suggests that lysine acetylated proteins play critical roles in the energy metabolism pathways.Accordingly,the protein–protein interactions were also highly enriched in the carbon metabolic pathway.Integrative analysis of lysine acetylome and transcriptome showed that transcript level changes of seven key lysine-acetylated proteins/genes involved in energy metabolism were significant different during floral transition.Importantly,compared with the normal flowering variety,the expression levels of phosphoribulokinase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,ATP synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes were significantly up-regulated at the stages of vegetative and transition buds during early flowering of C.bungei.These data represent the first lysine acetylome in the C.bungei flowers,and can serve as an essential basis for exploring the function of lysine acetylated proteins in the flower bud development of plants.

关键词： Lysine acetylome Catalpa bungei flower development energy metabolism

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flower development and Photoperiodic Control of flowering in Rice

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Rice science 2013年第2期20卷 79-87页

作者： XIANG Chao QU Li-jun GAO Yong-ming SHI Ying-yao College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University Institute of Crop Science/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Floral transition,which is referred to as a plant＇s transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage,is considered to be a critical developmental switch in higher plants,for a timely flowering is a major factor of reproductive success.Endogenous and environmental cues,such as photoperiod,light quality,plant hormones concentrations and temperature,provide information to the plants whether the environment is favorable for flowering.These cues promote,or prevent,flowering through a complex genetic network,mediated by a careful orchestration of temporal and spatial gene expression.One of such cues is photoperiod.Rice（Oryza sativa L.） serves as a powerful model species for the understanding of flowering in higher plants,including flower development and photoperiodic control of flowering.In this review,we overviewed and discussed the flower development and its model.We also overviewed the photoperiodic pathways in rice flowering control,and summarized the pathways at molecular level.

关键词： rice flowering time gene floral transition flower development photoperiod

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A global view of transcriptome dynamics during flower development in Capsicum annuum L.

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第5期9卷 999-1012页

作者： Bingqian Tang Huiping Yang Xinhao Zhang Juan Du LingLing Xie Xiongze Dai Xuexiao Zou Feng Liu Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan ProvinceCollege of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410125China Longping Branch Graduate School of Hunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410125China College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes.In this study,we analyzed the transcriptome data of 36 samples obtained during floral organ development from pepper‘6421’and detected 30016 genes that were expressed in at least one sample.K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the data into 16 clusters based on the similarities between the dynamic expression profiles of genes.Of these,15 clusters exhibited notable up-regulation or down-regulation trends in different developmental stages or tissues of floral organs.We identified transcription factors expressed at the early,medium,and late stages of bud development(F1,F5,F9).Transcription factor families such as AP2-ERF,MADS-box,MYB,bHLH,and NAC showed significant levels of enrichment.In comparison with genes expressed in vegetative tissues at different stages,certain genes were specifically up-regulated during flower development;among these,the number of genes specifically up-regulated during the stamen(Sta10)and bud tetrad development(F4)stages was the highest.Through extensive studies of the ABCDE model of flower development in Arabidopsis,we identified 17 ABCDE model candidate genes in pepper,most of which were up-regulated at specific stages of flower bud development.The expression data provided in this study is the most comprehensive dataset available for pepper to date and will serve as a resource for identifying the functions of many specific genes involved in flower development in pepper and other Solanaceae plants.

关键词： Pepper Transcriptome flower development Period-specific expression Transcription factor ABCDE model

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The BnTFL1–BnGF14nu–BnFD module regulates flower development and plant architecture in Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1696-1710页

作者： Jianjun Wang Chi Zhang Youpeng Chen Yanan Shao Meifang Liao Qian Hou Weitang Zhang Yang Zhu Yuan Guo Zijin Liu Christian Jung Mingxun Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology&Breeding CenterShaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosisand College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Plant Breeding Institute University of KielD-24098KielGermany

flower development and plant architecture determine the efficiency of mechanized harvest and seed yield in Brassica napus.Although TERMINAL flower 1(AtTFL1)is a regulator of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana,the function and regulatory mechanism of TFL1 orthologs in B.napus remains unclear.Six BnTFL1 paralogs in the genome of the B.napus inbred line‘K407’showed steadily increasing expression during vernalization.CRISPR/Cas-induced mutagenesis of up to four BnTFL1 paralogs resulted in early flowering and alteration of plant architecture,whereas seed yield was not altered in BnTFL1 single,double,or triple mutants.Six BnTFL1 paralogs,but not BnaA02.TFL1,showed an additive and conserved effect on regulating flowering time,total and terminal flower number,and plant architecture.BnaA10.TFL1 regulates flower development by interacting with BnaA08.FD through the protein BnaA05.GF14nu,resulting in the transcriptional repression of floral integrator and floral meristem identity genes.These findings about the regulatory network controlling flower development and plant architecture present a promising route to modifying these traits in B.napus.

关键词： BnTFL1 CRISPR/Cas flower development Plant architecture Seed yield

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Conserved Functions of Arabidopsis and Rice CC-Type Glutaredoxins in flower development and Pathogen Response

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Molecular Plant 2009年第2期2卷 323-335页

作者： ZhenWang Shuping Xing Rainer R Birkenbihl Sabine Zachgo Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Plant Molecular Genetics 50829 Cologne Germany School of Biological Sciences/Plant Science initiative University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA Botany Department University of Osnabruck 40969 Osnabruck Germany Max planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Plant Microbe Interactions 50829 Cologne Germany

Glutaredoxins （GRXs） are ubiquitous oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to oxidative stress by reducing disulfides in various organisms. In planta, three different GRX classes have been identified according to their active site motifs. CPYC and CGFS classes are found in all organisms, whereas the CC-type class is specific for higher land plants. Recently, two Arabidopsis CC-type GRXs, ROXY1 and ROXY2, were shown to exert crucial functions in petal and anther initiation and differentiation. To analyze the function of CC-type GRXs in the distantly related monocots, we isolated and characterized OsROXY1 and OsROXY2-two rice homologs of ROXY1. Both genes are expressed in vegetative and reproductive stages. Although rice flower morphology is distinct from eudicots, OsROXY1/2 floral expression patterns are similar to their Arabidopsis counterparts ROXY1/2. Complementation experiments demonstrate that OsROXY1 and OsROXY2 can fully rescue the roxyl floral mutant phenotype. Overexpression of OsROXY1, OsROXY2, and ROXY1 in Arabidopsis causes similar vegetative and reproductive plant developmental defects. ROXY1 and its rice homologs thus exert a conserved function during eudicot and monocot flower development. Strikingly, overexpression of these CC-type GRXs also leads to an increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide levels and hyper-susceptibility to infection from the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, revealing the importance of balanced redox processes in flower organ develop- ment and pathogen defence.

关键词： ROXY1 glutaredoxin Arabidopsis rice flower development pathogen defence Botrytis cinerea.

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Evolutionary pattern of the regulatory network for flower development:Insights gained from a comparison of two Arabidopsis species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 528-538页

作者： 1,2 Yang LIU 1,2Chun-Ce GUO 1Gui-Xia XU 1Hong-Yan SHAN 1Hong-Zhi KONG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and other model plants have indicated that the development of a flower is controlled by a regulatory network composed of genes and the interactions among them.Studies on the evolution of this network will therefore help understand the genetic basis that underlies flower evolution.In this study,by reviewing the most recent published work,we added 31 genes into the previously proposed regulatory network for flower development.Thus,the number of genes reached 60.We then compared the composition,structure,and evolutionary rate of these genes between A.thaliana and one of its allies,A.lyrata.We found that two genes(FLC and MAF2)show 1:2 and 2:2 relationships between the two species,suggesting that they have experienced independent,post-speciation duplications.Of the remaining 58 genes,35(60.3%)have diverged in exon-intron structure and,consequently,code for proteins with different sequence features and functions.Molecular evolutionary analyses further revealed that,although most floral genes have evolved under strong purifying selection,some have evolved under relaxed or changed constraints,as evidenced by the elevation of nonsynonymous substitution rates and/or the presence of positively selected sites.Taken together,these results suggest that the regulatory network for flower development has evolved rather rapidly,with changes in the composition,structure,and functional constraint of genes,as well as the interactions among them,being the most important contributors.

关键词： Arabidopsis evolution flower development regulatory network.

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Effects of H_2O_2 and NO on flower development and AP1 Gene Expression of Off-season Longan

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第4期5卷 23-25,30页

作者： Songgang LI Xinjun ZHANG Lei ZHANG Jiwang HONG Yeyuan CHEN Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture/National Cultivar Improvement Center of Tropical Fruit TreeDanzhou 571737China Henan Vocational College of Agriculture Zhengzhou 451400China

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed with enhancers and blockers of H2O2 and NO to analyze dynamic changes of flower development and API expression. [ Result] The expression level of API gene in off-season longan was improved during flower development. SNP and MV treatments up-regulated the expression level of API gene in leaves and terminal buds to varying degrees during lateral primordium formation. Especially, SNP treatment exhibited the most remark-able effect. DMTU treatment significantly inhibited the expression of AP1 gene in leaves and terminal buds during lateral primordium formation. L-NNA treatment slightly inhibited the expression of API gene in leaves and exerted no significant effect on expression of AP1 gene in terminal buds. [ Conclusion] It can be specu-lated that the enhancement of NO and H2O2 signals is conducive to flower development of off-season longan, while blocking H2O2 signals may inhibit flower develop-ment of off-season longan.

关键词： Longan flower development Hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） Nitric oxide （NO） API gene

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The Melastoma dodecandrum genome and the evolution of Myrtales

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第2期49卷 120-131页

作者： Yang Hao Yu-Zhen Zhou Bin Chen Gui-Zhen Chen Zhen-Ying Wen Diyang Zhang Wei-Hong Sun Ding-Kun Liu Jie Huang Jin-Liao Chen Xiao-Qin Zhou Wan-Lin Fan Wen-Chun Zhang Lin Luo Wen-Chao Han Yan Zheng Long Li Peng-Cheng Lu Yue Xing Shu-Ya Liu Jia-Ting Sun Ying-Hui Cao Yan-Ping Zhang Xiao-Ling Shi Sha-Sha Wu Ye Ai Jun-Wen Zhai Si-Ren Lan Zhong-Jian Liu Dong-Hui Peng Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Innovation and Application Engineering Technology Research Center of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources in Fujian Province Fuzhou 350002China

Melastomataceae has abundant morphological diversity with high economic and ornamental merit in Myrtales. The phylogenetic position of Myrtales is still contested. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Melastoma dodecandrum in Melastomataceae. The assembled genome size is299.81 Mb with a contig N50 value of 3.00 Mb. Genome evolution analysis indicated that M. dodecandrum,Eucalyptus grandis, and Punica granatum were clustered into a clade of Myrtales and formed a sister group with the ancestor of fabids and malvids. We found that M. dodecandrum experienced four whole-genome polyploidization events: the ancient event was shared with most eudicots, one event was shared with Myrtales, and the other two events were unique to M. dodecandrum. Moreover, we identified MADS-box genes and found that the AP1-like genes expanded, and AP3-like genes might have undergone subfunctionalization. The SUAR63-like genes and AG-like genes showed different expression patterns in stamens, which may be associated with heteranthery. In addition, we found that LAZY1-like genes were involved in the negative regulation of stem branching development, which may be related to its creeping features. Our study sheds new light on the evolution of Melastomataceae and Myrtales, which provides a comprehensive genetic resource for future research.

关键词： Melastoma Genome evolution flower development Heteranthery flower color Creeping stem

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