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Paraffin section observation of flower bud differentiation of Chimonanthus praecox in Kunming and comparison of the differentiation processes in different regions,China

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第2期8卷 221-229页

作者： Sijin Li Nan Yang Longqing Chen Southwest Engineering Research Center for Landscape Architecture(State Forestry and Grassland Administration) Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization TechnologySouthwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

Chimonanthus praecox is an important ornamental plant and cut flower material in *** blooms in the freezing winter and its flower emits charming ***,in different region the flowering time is *** order to understand the flowering mechanism of *** in the winter,we studied the flower bud differentiation in Spring City-Kunming using paraffin sectioning method in the present *** we compared the differentiation process difference from different *** was found that the temperature is the key factor for its flower bud differentiation and blossom of *** the process of bud differentiation,the temperature 20℃was the optimum for inducing changes from vegetative axillary buds to reproductive buds and subsequent morphological differentiation in *** in the first three differentiation periods—tepal primordial stage,staminal primordial stage and pistil primordial stage,Kunming took the shortest time to finish the process due to very rapid temperature rise to 20℃,whereas,in Zhengzhou the time for these differentiations was the longest,which may be caused by the slow temperature *** May,the high temperature stress forced the flower buds into the first long dormant period in all regions except *** Kunming,the average temperature was only 20–25℃,so the flower bud continued to *** all regions,Kunming is the first to complete whole flower bud differentiation even on the early August,and started the second dormancy very early but very *** the other regions,the plants went through a shorter dormancy and the low temperature broke the dormancy *** the plants of Kunming spent a longer period for the low ***,the low temperature less than 10℃is a key factor to breaking the second *** the regular effects of temperature on flower bud differentiation and blossom is very helpful for florescence regulation of ***.

关键词： Chimonanthus praecox flower bud differentiation Paraffin section Temperature

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Effect of Shoot Control on flower bud differentiation,flowering,and Fruit Setting in Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第12期92卷 3251-3266页

作者： Xiandang Shen Runxi He Xin Li Zhuogong Shi Jinfang Meng Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Forest Resources in the Southwest Mountains Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China College of Forestry Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China

In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(***),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of ***,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator *** results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for *** accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control ***,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering *** quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit ***,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the *** effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not *** both shoot control methods,the *** exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit ***,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setti

关键词： Zanthoxylum armatum DC. flower bud differentiation flowering and fruiting phenological period layering plant growth regulator

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Observation on flower bud differentiation of Crape Myrtle in Red Soil Environment

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第12期91卷 2607-2617页

作者： Linxue Shang Dandan Ma Sidan Hong Yu Zhao Guozhe Zhang Qingqing Ma Qun Wang Cuihua Gu College of Landscape and Architecture Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry UniversityHangzhou311300China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry UniversityHangzhou311300China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry UniversityHangzhou311300China Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry University Shaoxing311800China

flower bud differentiation is a key component of plant blooming biology and understanding how it works is vital for flowering regulation and plant genetic breeding,increasing the number and quality of *** soil is the most widely covered soil type in the world,and it is also the most suitable soil type for crape myrtle *** flower buds of crape myrtle(Lagerstroemia indica)planted in red soil were employed as experimental materials in this study,and the distinct periods of differentiation were identified using stereomicroscopy and paraffin *** optimized the steps of dehydration,transparency,embedding,sectioning and staining when employing paraffin *** seen under a microscope,this optimization can make the cell structure of paraffin sections obvious,the tissue structure complete,and the staining clear and *** flower bud differentiation process is divided into 7 periods based on anatomical observations of the external morphology and internal structure during flower bud differentiation:undifferentiated period,start of differentiation period,inflorescence differentiation period,calyx differentiation period,petal differentiation period,stamen differentiation period,and pistil differentiation *** differentiation time is concentrated from the end of May to *** myrtle flower bud differentiation is a complicated process,and the specific regulatory mechanism and affecting elements need to be investigated further.

关键词： Crape myrtle flower bud differentiation morphological structure paraffin section

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Analysis on the Differences of the flower bud differentiation Process in Different Positions of the Canopy of Luntaibaixing

Analysis on the Differences of the Flower Bud Differentiatio...

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The Third Conference on Horticulture Science and Technology

作者： Liu Juan Liao Kang Li Yongxian Cheng Xiaolong Research Centre of Characteristic Fruit Tree Xinjiang Agriculture University

ISBN: (纸本)9781907801136

＜正＞The aim of the research is to study the differences of the flower bud differentiation process in different positions of the tree canopy of *** canopy division and paraffin section methods are used in the *** results show that the process of flower bud differentiation of Luntaibaixing is all in the Pistil differentiation stage in *** there is certain difference of the flower bud differentiation process in different positions of the tree canopy of *** process of flower bud differentiation in outer and upper is relatively faster;the process of flower bud differentiation in the west of the canopy is relatively slower;the south of the canopy is relatively faster,while the east and the north of the canopy are moderate.

关键词： apricot different position of tree canopy flower bud differentiation

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Changes in Nutritive Materials in Off-season Mango in flower bud differentiation Stage

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第6期5卷 13-15页

作者： Huarui CHEN Junhu HE Shuqiang HE Yeyuan CHEN Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture / National Cultivar Improvement Center of Tropical Fruit Tree

Under off-season production mode, change laws of nutritive materials in leaves of fruiting mother branches of mango in flowering process induced by dif- ferent agents were investigated. The results showed that the flowering time of manga trees in the potassium nitrate treatment was earlier than the ethephon treatment by 7 d, and changes trends of materials in leaves of the potassium nitrate and ethephon treatments were substantially the same. The nutritive materials in leaves showed trends of increasing at first and decreasing then. In early flower bud differentiation stage, soluble sugar and starch in leaves increased rapidly, and content of soluble protein also increased rapidly and showed its their peak values, thereby providing energy substances and structural substances demanded by flower bud formation. With flower bud differentiation going on, soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein decreased gradually. It was indicated that the accumulation of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein is beneficial to flower bud differentiation.

关键词： Mango flower bud differentiation Total soluble sugar Starch Soluble protein

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Expression of AP1 Gene During Off-season flower bud differentiation of Mango

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第5期5卷 22-23,32页

作者： Huarui CHEN Junhu HE Weiliang LI Yeyuan CHEN Jiangtao GAI Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture/National Cultivar Improvement Center of Tropical Fruit Tree

This study was conducted to investigate changes in the expression of AP1 gene in flowering process. Potassium nitrate and ethephon were sprayed on 7- year-old Guifei trees out of season. The results showed that AP1 gene had a higher expression level in terminal buds, and especially, the expression level increased significantly in late stage of flower bud differentiation. Potassium nitrate and ethephon promoted flower bud differentiation, and the expression level of AP1 gene in- creased in flowering process remarkably. Expression ofAP1 gene of the potassium nitrate treatment was significantly greater than that of the ethephon treatment and the CK.

关键词： Mango flower bud differentiation AP1 gene

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Research Progress of flower bud differentiation of Apple

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Asian Agricultural Research 2023年第7期15卷 35-38页

作者： Jinxin WANG Jingmiao HUANG Jianming LI Jie HAO Xueying LI Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China

flowering is a prerequisite for apple fruiting,and apple flower buds are mixed buds,that is,the vegetative organs and flower structure exist in the same terminal bud simultaneously,which are formed in the year before flowering and fruiting,mainly including spur terminal buds and axillary *** infrequent formation of flower buds during its growth and biennial bearing are closely related to flower bud ***,this paper reviews the research progress of flower bud differentiation of apple from the morphological differentiation,plant hormones and flowering-related genes,in order to provide a theoretical reference for efficient cultivation and stable yield of apple.

关键词： Apple flower bud differentiation Hormone Gene

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The structures of floral organs and reproductive characteristics of an ornamental bamboo species,Pleioblastus pygmaeus

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第3期9卷 589-601页

作者： Wenjing Yao Chuanzhe Li Shuyan Lin Jianping Wang Tingting Fan Wanqi Zhao Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210037China Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuaianJiangsu 223001China Department of Agronomy University of FloridaGainesville FL 32610USA

As a woody grass,bamboo has special reproductive habits with an extremely long vegetative *** pygmaeus is a kind of ornamental dwarf bamboo species with high ecological and economic value in *** was no documentary record of the flowering of *** until 2015,which bloomed in the Bamboo Garden of Nanjing Forestry ***,bamboo plants rarely bear fruit or have a low seed setting rate,but this species has a high seed *** study explores developmental reasons using anatomical *** process of flower bud differentiation and a series of important reproductive development processes including anther wall development,microsporogenesis,megasporogenesis,male and female gametophyte development,and embryonic development were investigated *** stamen contained three tetrasporangiate anthers and the development of anther wall was of Monocotyledonous *** microspores finally matured into 3-celled pollen grains by two successive *** pistil was composed of three carpels,with an anatropous,tenuinucellate and bitegmic ovule in a single *** formation of embryo sac belonged to Polygonum *** three mitoses,functional megaspore developed into the embryo sac with eight nuclei within seven *** development of stamen and pistil was synchronous in the same *** development of embryo followed Grass type and the development of endosperm belonged to Nuclear *** development of endosperm was earlier than that of *** study enriches basic knowledge of reproductive biology of bamboo plants and is of great fundamental significance to furtherly explore flowering mechanism of *** and to cultivate bamboo plants sustainably.

关键词： Pleioblastus pygmaeus flower bud differentiation Reproductive biology Morphology Anatomy

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Sorbitol induces flower bud formation via the MADS-box transcription factor EjCAL in loquat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第5期65卷 1241-1261页

作者： Hong-Xia Xu Dong Meng Qing Yang Ting Chen Meng Qi Xiao-Ying Li Hang Ge Jun-Wei Chen Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100000China College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Sorbitol is an important signaling molecule in fruit trees. Here, we observed that sorbitol increased during flower bud differentiation(FBD) in loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Transcriptomic analysis suggested that bud formation was associated with the expression of the MADS-box transcription factor(TF) family gene, EjCAL. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that EjCAL was enriched in flower primordia but hardly detected in the shoot apical meristem. Heterologous expression of EjCAL in Nicotiana benthamiana plants resulted in early FBD. Yeast-one-hybrid analysis identified the ERF12 TF as a binding partner of the EjCAL promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR confirmed that EjERF12 binds to the EjCAL promoter, and β-glucuronidase activity assays indicated that EjERF12 regulates EjCAL *** loquat trees with sorbitol promoted flower bud formation and was associated with increased expression of EjERF12 and EjCAL. Furthermore, we identified EjUF3GaT1 as a target gene of EjCAL and its expression was activated by EjCAL. Function characterization via overexpression and RNAi reveals that EjUF3GaT1 is a biosynthetic gene of flavonoid hyperoside. The concentration of the flavonoid hyperoside mirrored that of sorbitol during FBD and exogenous hyperoside treatment also promoted loquat bud formation. We identified a mechanism whereby EjCAL might regulate hyperoside biosynthesis and confirmed the involvement of EjCAL in flower bud formation in planta. Together,these results provide insight into bud formation in loquat and may be used in efforts to increase yield.

关键词： EjCAL flower bud differentiation hyperoside loquat sorbitol

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Study on Reproductive Growth Characteristics and Seed Germination of Eucalyptus dunnii in Sichuan Province

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第3期7卷 207-210页

作者： Zhen HUANG Lihua WANG Zhi CHEN Jiaman LI Hongying GUO Sichuan Forestry Academy Chengdu Sichuan 610081

Studying the flowering development and seed germination of Eucalyptu dunnii and mastering the reproductive growth law can provide a theoretical basis for seed garden construction. In this study,a blooming plant growing in Zitong County was selected as the experiment subject. The results were as follows： florescence date of Eucalyptus dunnii was Mid-late February to mid to late October. Depending on morphologic change,flowering can be divided into 6 phases： flower bud differentiation stage,inflorescence formation stage,opercle color change stage,capsule enlargement and shedding ring formation stage,flowering period,seed development stage. The development process of the buds on the same inflorescence was basically the same,the growth of buds near the base of the same branch was faster than that of the top buds,and the development of flower buds in different positions was random. There were 3-4 ovary cavities in a capsule. The number of shriveled seeds was far more than the number of effective seeds,and the average of each capsule contained five normal seeds which could develop into seedlings.

关键词： Eucalyptus reproductive growth flower bud differentiation pollen seed germination

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