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Livelihood status of small-scale fishermen and determinants of their income: Insights from north-eastern floodplains of Bangladesh

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 204-213页

作者： Kishor Kumar Tikadar Md.Jahurul Islam Sourav Mohan Saha Md.Mehedi Alam Sanzib Kumar Barman Md.Asadur Rahman Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management Khulna Agricultural UniversityKhulna 9100Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Economics Khulna Agricultural UniversityKhulna 9100Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Finance Co-operatives and BankingKhulna Agricultural UniversityKhulna 9100Bangladesh

The small-scale fishermen in the north-eastern floodplains are one of the most vulnerable communities of Bangladesh due to their limited *** study assessed their livelihood status using a sustainable livelihood framework and employed a multiple regression model to evaluate factors influencing their *** data were collected from fishermen’s households in Tanguar Haor and Hakaluki Haor through direct *** revealed that these households lacked human capital,had poor sanitation facilities and suffered from frequent *** income is very limited as they lack training on other socioeconomic activities to comple-ment their livelihood grounded on ***,their financial capital was very deficient and ranked lowest among other livelihood ***’s major physical assets were the boats used for group and individual *** small-scale fishermen had limited involvement with local administration,and around half of them were members of various *** of these households had low participation in fishing or other income *** income of the fishermen was influenced by their age,fish catch per day,training and NGO *** increase the earnings and improve the livelihood status of small-scale fishers in the floodplain,this study suggests providing training on complementary income generating activities,improving sanitation facilities and providing additional government and non-government support.

关键词： Fishermen Livelihood assessment index floodplains Tanguar Haor Hakaluki Haor Income

DISTRIBUTED WATER BALANCE WITH RIVER DYNAMIC-DIFFUSIVE FLOW ROUTING MODEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第4期21卷 564-572页

作者： HASSAN Ahmed NORIO Tanaka NOBUYUKI Tamai Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Graduate School Kanazawa Gakuin University

This article focuses on the application of coupling both river dynamic and river diffusive modeling techniques that can be used with distributed water balance model. In an upstream watershed, both overland and river diffusive flows are routed by diffusive wave approximation of the free surface flow equations. In river downstream reaches, the river dynamic flow is routed by one-dimensional dynamic wave equations （full dynamic St. Venant equations with lateral flow）. The developed model is applied in a part of Arakawa River basin, Kanto area, Japan. The geographic data of river cross sections could be accurately represented by an 11-point cross-section approximation. The effects of both the grid size and lateral flow on the simulated results of the river dynamic flow model were studied. The grid size should be greater than the average width of the river cross-sections. The lateral flow from small drainage systems has significant effects on the simulated results using the river dynamic flow model. The simulated results show good and acceptable agreements with the observed flow discharges and water depths. Both the river discharge and water depth at any location of river network of compound channels with one/two complex floodplains could be correctly estimated.

关键词： diffusive model dynamic model natural compound channels floodplains

The Influence of Land-Use on Water Quality in a Tropical Coastal Area: Case Study of the Keta Lagoon Complex, Ghana, West Africa

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2013年第4期3卷 188-195页

作者： Angela M. Lamptey Patrick K. Ofori-Danson Stephen Abbenney-Mickson Henrik Breuning-Madsen Mark K. Abekoe Department of Agriculture Engineering Fac- ulty of Engineering University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Ghana Legon Ghana.

The Keta Lagoon and its catchment areas in Ghana are influenced by intensive agriculture and the use of agro-chemicals. It has therefore, become necessary to assess the quality of water in the lagoon and the surrounding fresh water aquifers. In this study, a water quality index (WQI), indicating the water quality has been adopted. The WQI was determined on a basis of various physico-chemical parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrates, ammonium and sodium. The index was used both for tracking changes at one site over time, and for comparisons among sites. The WQI was also employed to wells used for irrigation on farms along the Keta Sand Spit as well as that of the Keta Lagoon Complex and its surrounding floodplains, in order to ascertain the quality of water for public and livestock consumption, irrigation, recreation and other purposes. The WQI of the wells, Keta lagoon and its floodplains showed various degrees of poor water quality and therefore considered unsuitable for drinking and recreation. By WHO standards, this calls for intensive physical and chemical treatment of the water for human consumption.

关键词： Tropical Coastal Area Keta Lagoon Complex floodplains Water Quality Index WHO Standards Physico-Chemical Parameters Ghana

Appraisal of Groundwater Potential of Fadama Areas within Northern Nigeria: A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第3期9卷 44-57页

作者： Martin O. Eduvie Muhammad L. Garba National Water Resources Institute Kaduna Nigeria Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Nigeria is a country endowed with alluvial aquifers that occur along major river valleys, in low lying areas which are frequent to flooding during the rainy season. They are scattered across the ecological zones of Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and the Sahel Savannah and are the thickest along the river Niger and river Benue. The irrigated flood plains (Fadama) are formed by the deposition of transported weathered exogenic terrigenous materials derived from the surrounding basement rocks. These shallow aquifers are mostly unconfined and are recharged through flash flooding events which make them hold great groundwater resources for dry season farming. The fertility of the soils with their residual moisture content makes them attractive for dry season farming. The potential and importance of Fadama agriculture for food production and economic development are crucial, given the recent rising food prices, climatic changes, environmental risks associated with “modern” agriculture, modelled farming systems and population growth. Fadama areas are therefore of critical importance to the survival and economic development of millions of rural dwellers. This paper reviews the groundwater potential of the floodplains of Fadama for dry farming systems in semi-arid northern Nigeria.

关键词： Sudan Savannah-Sahel Region Semi-Arid Fadama Shallow Alluvial Aquifer floodplains Irrigation Northern Nigeria

Agroecosystems, Landscapes and Knowledge of Family Farmers from AramaçáIsland, Upper Solimões Region, Amazon

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 1369-1387页

作者： Ayrton Luiz Urizzi Martins Sandra do Nascimento Noda Hiroshi Noda Lúcia Helena Pinheiro Martins Elisabete Brocki Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazô nia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Núcleo de Etnoecologia da Amazô nia (NETNO) Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil Escola Superior de Tecnologia (EST) Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) Manaus Brazil

The family farmer’s knowledge about floodplains agroecosystems dynamics is part of agrobiodiversity conservation cognitive strategies. This is because the conservation in floodplains is conditioned by the ecophysiological adaptation to the period and flood gradient of the agricultural lands and by the transformations promoted in the environment by the waters pulse. The aim of this study was to understand the cognitive strategies expressed in the organized meaning of agroecosystems by local knowledge, related to the geomorphological dynamics of the Aramaçá Island, Amazonas, Brazil. In this research, the Case Study and Ethnoecology were adopted as approach, taking the systemic complexity paradigm as a theoretical framework. To do so, it was necessary to establish a dialogue with the local knowledge through multitemporal analyses of satellite images, historical series of hydrological data, as well as cartographic documents of the locality. The floodplains amphibian mark, as a living organism in permanent autopoietic process, seems to be imprinted in the family farmer’s knowledge. In order to live in the floodplains and of floodplains, it is necessary, above all, to develop a cognitive ability capable of understanding not only the rivers action on the lands, but also that of the lands on the rivers as well. Therefore, the geomorphological dynamics in the spaces managed by the family farmers impose on them, risks and uncertainties, demanding from them strategies that allow knowing and dealing with this complexity.

关键词： Geomorphological Dynamics Ethnoecology floodplains Amazonia

Evaluation of a Simple Hydraulic Resistance Model Using Flow Measurements Collected in Vegetated Waterways

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2013年第1期3卷 28-37页

作者： Fredrik Huthoff Menno W. Straatsma Denie C. M. Augustijn Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher Department of Earth System Analysis Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Water Engineering & Management Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente Enschede The Neth- erlands HKV Consultants Lelystad The Netherlands

A simple idealized model to describe the hydraulic resistance caused by vegetation is compared to results from flow experiments conducted in natural waterways. Two field case studies are considered: fixed-point flow measurements in a Green River (case 1) and vessel-borne flow measurements along a cross-section with floodplains in the river Rhine (case 2). Analysis of the two cases shows that the simple flow model is consistent with measured flow velocities and the present vegetation characteristics, and may be used to predict a realistic Manning resistance coefficient. From flow measurements in the river floodplain (case 2) an estimate was made of the equivalent height of the drag dominated vegetation layer, as based on measured flow characteristics. The resulting height corresponds well with the observed height of vegetation in the floodplain. The expected depth-dependency of the associated Manning resistance coefficient for could not be detected due to lack of data for relatively shallow flows. Furthermore, it was shown that topographical variations in the floodplain may have an important impact on the flow field, which should not be mistaken as roughness effects.

关键词： Hydraulic Roughness Vegetation River Flow floodplains ADCP Measurements

Floodplain Modeling Using HEC-RAS

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