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fire spread Model for Old Towns Based on Cellular Automaton

Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第5期13卷 736-740页

作者：高楠翁文国马伟倪顺江黄全义袁宏永 Center for Public Safety Research Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua University School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University

Old towns like Lijiang have enormous historic, artistic, and architectural value. The buildings in such old towns are usually made of highly combustible materials, such as wood and grass. If a fire breaks out, it will spread to multiple buildings, so fire spreading and controlling in old towns need to be studied. This paper presents a fire spread model for old towns based on cellular automaton. The cellular automaton rules were set according to historical fire data in empirical formulas. The model also considered the effects of cli- mate. The simulation results were visualized in a geography information system. An example of a fire spread in Lijiang was investigated with the results showing that this model provides a realistic tool for predicting fire spread in old towns. fire brigades can use this tool to predict when and how a fire spreads to minimize the losses.

关键词： old town fire spread cellular automaton geographic information system (GIS)

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Pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread characteristics of the railway train carriages:A review of development

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 743-759页

作者： Jidan Zhang Wenhui Ji Zhongyuan Yuan Yanping Yuan School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

fires in the railway trains are prone to cause large numbers of casualties,serious economic losses,and huge negative social *** railway train carriage is a special confined built environment,where the pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread process are different from those fire accidents in open *** the fire characteristics of the railway train carriages is the key issue to determine the fire prevention and control ***,this paper attempts to assess and identify the characteristics of pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread of railway trains based on the exising *** review documents the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of single train material and the combustible module,summarizes the heat release rate(HRR)calculation methods and the HRR profile for different types of trains,as well as introduces the research progress in the flame spread and *** main gaps and issues to be solved in terms of the effects of train speed,altitudes,and application of new energy trains are further discussed.

关键词： fire safety Railway trains Pyrolysis Heat release rate fire spread Flashover

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Modeling parameters for predicting the fire-induced progressive collapse in steel framed buildings

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2023年第3期2卷 129-144页

作者： S.Venkatachari V.K.R.Kodur Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology PuducherryKaraikalIndia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University3546 Engineering BuildingEast LansingMIUSA

fire is one of the extreme loading events that a building may experience during its service life and can have severe consequences on the safety of its occupants,first responders,and the *** framed buildings under severe fires can experience high levels of instability at a local or global level,which in turn can lead to the partial or progressive collapse of the ***,in current practice,fire resistance of structures is obtained without due consideration to a number of critical factors,and this is mainly due to the high level of complexity in undertaking advanced analysis of structures under fire *** paper presents a parametric study on a ten-story braced steel framed building subjected to fire exposure wherein six different parameters are evaluated:fire severity,fire spread,load paths,temperature-induced creep,local instability,and analysis *** from validated finite element models are utilized to evaluate the influence of the different parameters and recommend critical parameters to be incorporated in the *** show that the susceptibility of fire-induced progressive collapse significantly depends on the severity of the fire exposure scenario,including fire intensity,fire spread,and extent of ***,accounting for the full effects of transient creep in fire-induced progressive collapse analysis is needed to obtain conservative failure times under severe to very intense fire ***,results from the parametric study infer that the sectional classification of a steel section based on local instability can alter under fire exposure and this effect is more critical in steel columns located in the higher stories of the building;a nonslender column at ambient conditions can transform to a slender section at elevated *** can induce temperature-induced local instability in the column and lead to an early onset of instability at member and structural levels.

关键词： Design fire fire spread High-temperature creep Local instability Load path System level analysis Progressive collapse

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Implementation issues of the planning support tool in Japan:Focusing on urban disaster mitigation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第4期8卷 483-497页

作者： Kazuki Karashima Akira Ohgai Department of Architecture and Civil Engineerins Toyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashiAichiJapan

This study determined the issues of Planning Support System(PSS)implementation in the field of urban disaster mitigation in Japan by understanding its analytical perspective through a review of Western literature,a questionnaire survey of urban planning consultant companies,and PSS implementation for a practical project in a *** the instrum ental perspective,there was difficulty in conducting the simulationbased PSS due to the enormous simulation time *** the transfer perspective,the importance of the municipality^decision of adopting the PSS to a project,securing the budget and continuous running costs,track record of the practical project,and lack of human resource for the PSS use were *** the user perspective,the difficulty in data collection and update as well as im portance of the cooperative system/support from the developer in the initial period were ***,considering the low number of implementations,a platform may be important for the promotion of PSS *** may be also useful for the diffusion of *** is necessary for the developers to fully comm unicate the benefits of PSS *** is thought that a close cooperative system and support are required in the initial *** prom oting and understanding the benefits of PSS adoption,a guideline or manual seems to be *** is effective for ensuring the budget and providing an explanation to high-level members of the organizations about the effect of utilizing these *** the final implementation,the possibility of installation,maintenance,and operation of the PSS by the municipality was discussed.

关键词： Planning support tool Urban disaster mitigation Implementation GIS fire spread Evacuation

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Modelling of Eruptive fire Occurrence and Behaviour

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2014年第3期3卷 115-132页

作者： Jacques-Henri Balbi Frangois Joseph Chatelon Jean Louis Rossi Albert Simeoni Domingos Xavier Viegas Carlos Rossa Research Laboratory 6134 National Center for Scientific Research University of Corsica Corte 20250 France Building Research Establisment Centre for fire Safety Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93JL Scotland Centre of Studies on Forest fires Association for the Development of the Industrial Aerodynamics University of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-790 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030-790 Portugal School of Technology and Management Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria 2411-901 Portugal

Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very little literature is available to support either modelling or occurrence prediction for this phenomenon. In this study, an unsteady physical model of fire spread is detailed, which describes the initiation and development of eruptive fires with an induced wind sub-model. The latter phenomenon is proposed as the mainspring of fire eruptions. Induced wind is proportional to the rate of spread and the rate of spread is in a non-linear relationship with induced wind. This feedback can converge or diverge depending on the conditions. The model allows both explaining why an eruption can occur and predicting explicitly its occurrence according to meteorological conditions, topographic parameters, fuel bed properties and fire front width. The model is tested by comparing its results to a set of experiments carried out at laboratory scale and during an outdoor wildfire, the Kornati accident.

关键词： Eruptive fire unsteady solutions fire spread physical model.

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A review on research of fire dynamics in high-rise buildings

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2013年第4期3卷 1-13页

作者： Jinhua Sun Longhua Hu Ying Zhang State Key Laboratory of fire Science University of Science and Technology of China

Since serious fire occurred frequently in recent years, fire safety of high-rise building has attracted extensive attention. A National Basic Research Program （973 program） of China has been set up by Ministry of Science and Technology （MOST） of China in 2012 to meet the research requirements of fire safety in high-rise buildings. This paper reviews the current state of art of research on fire dynamics of high-rise buildings, including the up-to-date progress of this project. The following three subjects on fire dynamics of high-rise buildings are addressed in this review： the ejected flame and fire plume behavior over facade out of the compartment window, the flame spread behavior over facade thermal insulation materiMs, and the buoyancy-driven smoke transportation characteristics along long vertical channels in high-rise buildings. Prospective future works are discussed and summarized.

关键词： high-rise building fire dynamics facade flame fire spread smoke transportation

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