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Unmanned air vehicle adaptability and application evaluation for new rice panicle fertilizers:Fertilizer characteristics and mechanical adaptability

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Technology in Agronomy 2022年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Shilin Zhu Wei Zhou Li Zhu Boteng Sun Song Huang Zhenyuan Wu Qin Qin Tao Wang Yong Chen Fei Deng Xiaolong Lei Youfeng Tao Hong Cheng Wanjun Ren State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization In Southwest China/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China of Ministry of Agriculture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

High-efficiency fertilizers suitable for mechanical spraying can improve the fertilizer application and utilization efficiency.In this study,two types of granular compound fertilizers suitable for unmanned air vehicle spraying were developed using urea,potassium chloride,humic acid,and an amino acid synergist according to the fertilization requirements of rice at the booting stage.The physical and chemical properties of the compound fertilizers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The release kinetics of the fertilizer was studied via a soil column leaching experiment.The effect of fertilizer particles on unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity was studied via an orthogonal simulation experiment.Results showed that the chemical interaction between compound-fertilizer raw materials formed complexes such as C-NH-C and-CO-NH-,which caused a change in fertilizer particle morphology.This led to chemical monolayer adsorption or internal fertilizer diffusion,which in turn delayed the fertilizer release by 5−10 d.A simulation bench test showed that the fertilizer particle hardness and roundness exceeded 20 N and 85%,respectively,while the particle size was in the range of 2.07−5.13 mm,which resulted in good unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity with a lateral variation coefficient of less than 15%.Finally,the experimental field results demonstrated that the new compound fertilizers,when sprayed by an unmanned air vehicle,could improve the economic benefit by 916−2742 CNY ha−1 without reducing the nitrogen utilization rate and rice yield.The new compound fertilizers exhibit delayed release,good spraying uniformity,and improved economic benefit,rendering them suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

关键词： release application fertilizers

THE INFLUENCE OF fertilizers, NaHCO_3,SOIL TYPE ON CHEMISTRY OF FLOODED SOILS AND RICE PLANT GROWTH

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湿地科学 2006年第3期4卷 161-167页

作者： Ir.Lahuddin M S Zulkifli Nasution Department ofSoil Science Universitas Sumatera UtaraJln Dr.A.Sofyan3Medan20155Indonesia

This research was conducted to study the influence of NaHCO3and fertilizer treatments on flooded soils tothe chemistry of soil and rice plant growth.The experiment was done in a greenhouse using a split-split plot design ofthree factors: two types of soil,three doses of fertilizers and three levels of NaHCO3with three replications.The firstfactor was two kind of soils Fluvaquent and Calciquert,the factor was without nutrient(blank),macro nutrients,andcompletely nutrients(second macro and micro nutrients),and the third factor was 0 mg/kg,200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kgof NaHCO3or equivalent with 0 mg,1 200 mg and 2 400 mg NaHCO3per pot.Each experimental unit used a pot of 10L capacity and filled with soil mud equivalent with 6 kg of dried soil.After each of treatment combination mixed into themud soil,two plants of IR-32 variety were grown,and flooded at5 cm high accordingly with growth period.Parametersobserved were the growth of tillers,electrical conductivity(E.C.) and pH.The experiment results showed that the treatment of NaHCO3increased the soluble salt content(E.C.) and soilacidity(pH) during flooding on Calciquerts and Fluvaquents.The content of soluble salt decreased to 2.0 mmhos/cm,while pHon Calciquert decreased towards the neutral pH.Anyhowthe pHon Fluvaquents increased approach to neutral.The treatments of NaHCO3inhibited the tiller growth,either macro fertilizer and completely fertilizer increased thetillers,but did not improve the negative effect of alkalinity due to of NaHCOtreatment.

关键词： NaHCO3 fertilizers soil types flooded soil rice plant

Beyond the Green Revolution: Improving crop productivity and sustainability by modulating plant growth-metabolic coordination

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 573-576页

作者： Qian Liu Kun Wu Yunzhe Wu Wenzhen Song Shuoxun Wang Xiangdong Fu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Rice is one of the most important staple food for over half the world's population.New evidence from the Food and Agriculture Organization shows that the number of hungry people in the world is growing,reaching more than 690 million in 2020.It is an urgent task to increase crop production to feed the people suffering from chronic hunger in the world.The Green Revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal yields through widespread adoption of semi-dwarf varieties and extensive use of inorganic fertilizers(Khush,2001).Today,the most productive Green Revolution varieties(GRVs)of rice and wheat in the world retain semi-dwarf phenotypes,which have several advantages over tall traditional varieties:(1)they have a lower center of gravity of the plant body,which decreases the risk of lodging and allows farmers to apply excessive fertilizers to obtain high yield;(2)they have an increased harvest index,which enables plants to allocate more energy and resources to seed production。

关键词： dwarf coordination fertilizers

Alanine aminotransferase(OsAlaAT1)modulates nitrogen utilization,grain yield,and quality in rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第5期49卷 510-513页

作者： Liangbing Fang Liuyang Ma Shaolu Zhao Ruijie Cao Guiai Jiao Peisong Hu Xiangjin Wei State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

Widespread use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers has increased yields of many grains, including rice (Oryza sativa L.);however, fertilizers are costly for farmers and cause serious environmental problems, such as soil acidification and water eutrophication (Guo et al., 2010, 2021;Liu et al., 2021). Improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) in rice offers a practical way to enhance grain yield and alleviate the environmental problems caused by overuse of nitrogen fertilizer. Identifying and characterizing genes involved in NUE provides crucial information for this aim.

关键词： soil grain fertilizers

fertilizers in January

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China Chemical Reporter 2008年第Z1期19卷 16-16页

Urea Price Remains UnchangedIn early January domestic urea manufactur-ers failed to push price up again under thepressure of governmental supervision.Ureaprices remain unchanged at

关键词： supervision governmental unchanged fertilizers aga

Automated Irrigation System Using Improved Fuzzy Neural Network in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 853-866页

作者： S.Sakthivel V.Vivekanandhan M.Manikandan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem 636005TamilnaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Adhiyamaan College of EngineeringHosur 635109TamilnaduIndia

Irrigation plays a significant role in various agricultural cropping methods deployed in semiarid and arid regions where valuable water applications and managing are considered crucial concerns.Multiple factors such as weather,soil,water,and crop data need to be considered for irrigation maintenance in an efficient besides uniform manner from multifaceted and different information-based systems.A Multi-Agent System(MAS)has been proposed recently based on diverse agent subsystems with definite objectives for attaining global MAS objective and is deployed on Cloud Computing paradigm capable of gathering information from Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)positioned in rice,cotton,cassava crops for knowledge discovery and decision making.The radial basis function network has been used for irrigation prediction.However,in recent work,the security of data has not focused on where intruder involvement might corrupt the data at the time of data transferring to the cloud,which would affect the accuracy of decision making.To handle the above mentioned issues,an efficient method for irrigation prediction is used in this work.The factors considered for decision making are soil moisture,temperature,plant height,root depth.The above-mentioned data will be gathered from the sensors that are attached to the cropfield.Sensed data will be forwarded to the local server,where data encryption will be performed using Adaptive Elliptic Curve Cryptography(AECC).After the encryption process,the data will be forwarded to the cloud.Then the data stored in the cloud will be decrypted key before being given to the deci-sion-making module.Finally,the uniform distribution-based fuzzy neural network is formulated based on the received data information in the decisionmaking module.Thefinal decision regarding the level of water required for cropfields would be taken.Based on this outcome,the water volve opening duration and the level of fertilizers required will be considered.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model fo

关键词： Irrigation multi-agent system precision irrigation accuracy elliptic curve cryptography encryption wireless sensor networks fertilizers

Influence of Combinations of Pesticides and fertilizers on Aquatic Productivity

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第5期5卷 434-440页

作者： Ganapati Hegde Mahesh Mandya Sushma S. Gokarnakar Vinodbabu N. Babu Vijayakumar N. Shivaramaiah Sannanegunda V. Krishnamurthy Department of Environmental Science Kuvempu University Jnana Sahyadri India

We have examined the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of widely used pesticides and fertilizers for rice paddy in Western Ghats regions of India on chlorophyll and zooplankton production using a laboratory mesocosm. Malathion (100 μg·L-1), Cypermethrin (25 μg·L-1), Nitrate-nitrogen (8 mg·L-1) and Phosphate-phosphorus (8 mg·L-1) in different combinations such as pesticide-pesticide and pesticide-fertilizer were tested in fully factorial manner for a period of 42 days. Study revealed that, chlorophyll production was supported by addition of fertilizers, while combinations of fertilizers with either one or two pesticides reduce the zooplankton density and diversity rendering chlorophyll concentration more than control groups. This could indicate the reason for eutrophication of ponds located in agro-ecosystems. Single application of combinations of pesticides (in spite of presence of fertilizers) even at low concentrations can produce severe negative effects on several taxonomic groups zooplankton living in small shallow water.

关键词： Chlorophyll Production Zooplankton Pesticide fertilizers Combinations of Pesticides and fertilizers

Combined Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Hybrid Rice (Palethwe-1)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1022-1042页

作者： Kyi Moe Kumudra Win Mg Kyaw Kyaw Win Takeo Yamakawa Plant Nutrition Laboratory Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Agronomy Yezin Agricultural University Yezin Myanmar Plant Nutrition Laboratory Division of Molecular Biosciences Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

We investigated the effect of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of hybrid rice (Palethwe-1) in the dry and wet seasons of 2015. Four quantities of inorganic fertilizer were used in the main plot [0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] based on the recommended amounts of 150 kg N ha-1, 70 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1, while different organic manures were applied to subplots [no organic manure (O0), cow manure (Oc), poultry manure (Op), and vermicompost (Ov);all at 5 t·ha-1] as part of a split-plot experimental design with three replicates. In both seasons, significant differences in growth parameters including number of tillers hill-1, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, total dry matter, yield, and yield components were observed in plants supplied with different inorganic fertilizers. The 100% NPK (I100) fertilizer produced the maximum yield but similar yields were achieved in plots supplied with 50% NPK (I50) and 75% NPK (I75). Significant differences in growth and yield parameters were also found in crops supplied with organic manures. Although identical quantities were supplied, Op produced the best growth parameters in both seasons including total dry matter, yield, and yield components. Oc also performed well. Combining inorganic and organic fertilizers demonstrated that I50 together with Op (5 t·ha-1) provided similar growth, total dry matter, and yield parameters to I100 in both seasons. Oc (5 t·ha-1) plus I75 also achieved similar yields to I100. This study demonstrates that the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures has the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer usage without decreasing the yield of hybrid rice, and can enhance the growth, yield, and yield components of Palethwe-1.

关键词： Growth Parameter Inorganic fertilizers Organic Manures Rice Yield

Kingenta to Expand Controlled Release fertilizers Business

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China Chemical Reporter 2010年第17期21卷 7-7页

Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd.(Kingenta)plans to expand its controlled release fertilizer (CRFs) businesswith the fund of RMB1.5 billion raised through IPO.Kingenta will double its CRFs capacity to 1.2 million t/a fromcurrently 600 000 t/a in Linshu, Shandong province.Kingenta, founded in 1998, specializes in the R&D, manufacturingand marketing of compound fertilizers, CRFs.It is a leadingCRFs producer in Asia.The expansion of CRFs plant will help it to become the globalleading CRFs producer, Kingenta said.Upon completion of the IPO, Kingenta’s shares will starttrading on the Shenzhen Stock Market under the symbol"002470".

关键词： fertilizers producer Shandong completion expand sh