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The current status of nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency and future research directions for the Australian cotton industry

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Journal of Cotton Research 2018年第3期1卷 41-50页

作者： MACDONALD Ben C.T. LATIMER James O. SCHWENKE Graeme D. NACHIMUTHU Gunasekhar BAIRD Jonathan C. CSIRO Agriculture and Food The Fenner School of Environment and Society the Australian National University NSW Department of Primary Industries Tamworth Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Australian Cotton Research Institute

Fifty years of sustained investment in research and development has left the Australian cotton industry well placed to manage nitrogen(N) fertiliser. The average production in the Australian cotton industry today is greater than two tonnes of lint per hectare due to improved plant genetics and crop management. However, this average yield is well below the yield that would be expected from the amount of N fertiliser used. It is clear from the recent studies that across all growing regions, conversion of fertiliser N into lint is not uniformly occurring at application rates greater than 200-240 kg·hm^(-2) of N. This indicates that factors other than N availability are limiting yield, and that the observed nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency(NFUE) values may be caused by subsoil constraints such as sodicity and compaction. There is a need to investigate the impact of subsoil constraints on yield and NFUE.Gains in NFUE will be made through improved N fertiliser application timing, better targeting the amount of fertiliser applied for the expected yield, and improved soil N management. There is also a need to improve the ability and confidence of growers to estimate the contribution of soil N mineralisation to the crop N budget. Many Australian studies including data that could theoretically be collated in a meta-analysis suggest relative NFUE values as a function of irrigation technique; however, with the extensive list of uncontrolled variables and few studies using non-furrow irrigation, this would be a poor substitute for a single field-based study directly measuring their efficacies. In irrigated cotton, a re-examination of optimal NFUE is due because of the availability of new varieties and the potential management and long-term soil resilience implications of the continued removal of mineralised soil N suggested by high NFUE values. NFUE critical limits still need to be derived for dryland systems.

关键词： Nitrogen fertiliser Nitrogen use efficiency Dryland Irrigated

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Reducing potassium deficiency by using sodium fertilisation

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 151-160页

作者： Sarah J.Thorne Frans J.M.Maathuis Department of Biology University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO15DDUK

Potassium(K)is the most abundant cation in the vast majority of plants.It is required in large quantities which,in an agronomic context,typically necessitates application of K in the form of potash or other K fertilisers.Recently,the price of K fertiliser has risen dramatically,a situation that is paralleled by increasing K deficiency of soils around the globe.A potential solution to this problem is to reduce crop K fertiliser dependency by replacing it with sodium(Na)fertiliser which carries a much smaller price tag.In this paper we discuss the physiological roles of K and Na and the implications of Na fertilisation for crop cultivation and soil management.By using greenhouse growth assays we show distinct growth promotion after Na fertilisation in wheat,tomato,oilseed and sorghum.Our results also show that up to 60%of tissue K can be substituted by Na without growth penalty.Based on these data,simple economic models suggest that(part)replacement of K fertiliser with Na fertiliser leads to considerable savings.

关键词： Deficiency fertiliser Nutrient Potassium Salinity Sodium

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Preparation and characterization of MgO hybrid biochar and its mechanism for high efficient recovery of phosphorus from aqueous media

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 518-532页

作者： Yueru Fang Amjad Ali Yuxi Gao Peng Zhao Ronghua Li Xianxian Li Junxi Liu Yuan Luo Yaru Peng Hailong Wang Hongbin Liu Zengqiang Zhang Junting Pan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingXianyang 712100ShaanxiChina School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000GuangdongChina Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Conversion of organic waste into engineered metal-biochar composite is an effective way of enhancing biochar’s efficiency for adsorptive capture of phosphorus(P)from aqueous media.Thus,various strategies have been created for the production of metal-biochar composites;however,the complex preparation steps,high-cost metal salt reagent application,or extreme process equipment requirements involved in those strategies limited the large-scale production of metal-biochar composites.In this study,a novel biochar composite rich in magnesium oxides(MFBC)was directly produced through co-pyrolysis of magnesite with food waste;the product,MFBC was used to adsorptively capture P from solution and bio-liquid wastewater.The results showed that compared to the pristine food waste biochar,MFBC was a uniformly hybrid MgO biochar composite with a P capture capacity of 523.91 mg/g.The capture of P by MFBC was fitted using the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order kinetic models.The P adsorptive capture was controlled by MgHPO4 formation and electrostatic attraction,which was affected by the coexisting F−and CO_(3)^(2−)ions.MFBC could recover more than 98%of P from the solution and bio-liquid wastewater.Although the P-adsorbed MFBC showed very limited reusability but it can be substituted for phosphate fertiliser in agricultural practices.This study provided an innovative technology for preparing MgO-biochar composite against P recovery from aqueous media,and also highlighted high-value-added approaches for resource utilization of bio-liquid wastewater and food waste.

关键词： Biochar Bio-liquid wastewater fertiliser Magnesite Phosphorus recovery

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Potential Use of a Poultry Manure Digestate as a Biofertiliser:Evaluation of Soil Properties and Lactuca sativa Growth

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 60-69页

作者： Natalia MóRTOLA Romina ROMANIUK Vanina COSENTINO Maximiliano EIZA Patricia CARFAGNO Pedro RIZZO Patricia BRES Nicolás RIERA Marcos ROBA Mariano BUTTI Daiana SAINZ Lucrecia BRUTTI Soil Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Institute of Zoology and Agricultural Microbiology National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rural Engineering Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)

Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha^(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha^(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha^(-1) and 63 kg P ha^(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.

关键词： anaerobic digestion crop yield organic fertiliser organic waste soil amendment soil chemical properties soil microbiological properties

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Closing the nitrogen use efficiency gap and reducing the environmental impact of wheat-maize cropping on smallholder farms in the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 169-178页

作者： Lü Feng-lian HOU Miao-miao ZHANG Hong-tao Asif Khan Muhammad Ayaz QIANGJIU Ciren HU Chang-lu YANG Xue-yun SUN Ben-hua ZHANG Shu-lan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest ChinaMinistry of Agriculture Agriculture and Husbandry Bureau of Cuona County Agriculture and Husbandry Bureau of Cuona County

A high crop yield with the minimum possible cost to the environment is generally desirable.However,the complicated relationships among crop production,nitrogen(N) use efficiency and environmental impacts must be clearly assessed.We conducted a series of on-farm N application rate experiments to establish the linkage between crop yield and N_2 O emissions in the Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.We also examined crop yield,partial factor productivity of applied N(PFPN) and reactive N(Nr) losses through a survey of 1 529 and 1 497 smallholder farms that grow wheat and maize,respectively,in the region.The optimum N rates were 175 and 214 kg ha^(-1) for winter wheat and summer maize,respectively,thereby achieving the yields of 6 799 and 7 518 kg ha^(-1),correspondingly,with low N_2 O emissions based on on-farm N rate experiments.Among the smallholder farms,the average N application rates were 215 and 294 kg ha^(-1) season^(-1),thus producing 6 490 and 6 220 kg ha^(-1) of wheat and maize,respectively.The corresponding PFPN values for the two crops were 36.8 and 21.2 kg N kg^(-1),and the total N_2 O emissions were 1.50 and 3.88 kg ha^(-1),respectively.High N balance,large Nr losses and elevated N_2 O emissions could be explained by the overdoses of N application and low grain yields under the current farming practice.The crop yields,N application rates,PFPN and total N_2 O for wheat and maize were 18 and 24% higher,42 and 37% less,75 and 116% higher,and 42 and 47% less,correspondingly,in the high-yield and high-PFPN group than in the average smallholder farms.In conclusion,closing the PFPN gap between the current average and the value for the high-yield and high-PFPN group would increase crop production and reduce Nr losses or the total N_2 O emissions for the investigated cropping system in Northwest China.

关键词： N fertiliser grain yield PFPN N balance reactive nitrogen losses N2O emission

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The Effect of Organo-Mineral Fertilizer Applications on the Yield of Winter Wheat, Spring Barley, Forage Maize and Grass Cut for Silage

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第2期6卷 103-109页

作者： Grace H. Smith Keith Chaney Charles Murray Minh Son Le Harper Adams University Newport UK United Utilities Group PLC Lingley Mere Business Park Warrington UK

Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.

关键词： Biosolids Organo-Mineral fertiliser Crop Yield Winter Wheat Spring Barley Forage Maize Grass Silage

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhance the Efficiency of the Combination of Organic and Chemical fertilisers in Sugarcane

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第7期10卷 440-444页

作者： Chanyarat Paungfoo-Lonhienne Nantida Watanarojanaporn Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sustainable Organic Solutions Pty Ltd. Brisbane Australia Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center Co. Ltd. Phu Khiao Thailand

Modern agricultural practices involve the extensive use of chemical fertilisers to increase productivity. However less than half of the applied chemical fertiliser nitrogen is used by the target crops, and much of the remaining pollutes air and waterways. Farming systems that sustain productivity while reducing the negative effect on the environment are crucially needed. One avenue is to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as bio-fertiliser to reduce the dependency on chemical fertiliser. The potential of PGPR to improve the efficiency of the combination of organic and chemical fertilisers has recently been proposed. Here, we demonstrate that this combination benefits sugarcane grown in field conditions.

关键词： Nitrogen fertiliser Organic fertiliser PGPR Sugarcane Agriculture Plant Nutrition

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