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Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 410-427页

作者： Philip V Nguyen Jessica K Kafka Victor H Ferreira Kristy Roth Charu Kaushic McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC) and Michael G.DeGroote Institute ot Intectious Dtseas Research (IIDR) Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

The male and female reproductive tracts are complex microenvironments that have diverse functional demands. The immune system in the reproductive tract has the demanding task of providing a protective environment for a fetal allograft while simultaneously conferring protection against potential pathogens. As such, it has evolved a unique set of adaptations, primarily under the influence of sex hormones, which make it distinct from other mucosal sites. Here, we discuss the various components of the immune system that are present in both the male and female reproductive tracts, including innate soluble factors and cells and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity under homeostatic conditions. We review the evidence showing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune cells and responses in the male and female reproductive tracts that exhibit compartmentalization from systemic immunity and discuss how these features are influenced by sex hormones. We also examine the interactions among the reproductive tract, sex hormones and immune responses following HIV-1 infection. An improved understanding of the unique characteristics of the male and female reproductive tracts will provide insights into improving clinical treatments of the immunological causes of infertility and the design of prophylactic interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

关键词： female reproductive tract genital immunity HIV-1 male reproductive tract mucosal immune responses sexhormones sexually transmitted infections

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Importance of sperm morphology during sperm transport and fertilization in mammals

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 844-850页

作者： Francisco A Garcia-Vazquez Joaquin Gadea Carmen Matas William V Holt Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Science International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research 'Campus Mare Nostrum' University of Murcia Murcia 30100 Spain Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Murcia Spain Department of Human Metabolism Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine Sheffield S10 2SF UK

After natural or artificial insemination, the spermatozoon starts a journey from the site of deposition to the place of fertilization. However, only a small subset of the spermatozoa deposited achieves their goal： to reach and fertilize the egg. Factors involved in controlling sperm transport and fertilization include the female reproductive tract environment, cell-cell interactions, gene expression, and phenotypic sperm traits. Some of the significant determinants of fertilization are known （i.e., motility or DNA status）, but many sperm traits are still indecipherable. One example is the influence of sperm dimensions and shape upon transport within the female genital tract towards the oocyte. Biophysical associations between sperm size and motility may influence the progression of spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract, but uncertainties remain concerning how sperm morphology influences the fertilization process, and whether only the sperm dimensions per se are involved. Moreover, such explanations do not allow the possibility that the female tract is capable of distinguishing fertile spermatozoa on the basis of their morphology, as seems to be the case with biochemical, molecular, and genetic properties. This review focuses on the influence of sperm size and shape in evolution and their putative role in sperm transport and selection within the uterus and the ability to fertilize the oocyte.

关键词： CASA-Morph female reproductive tract flagellum morphometry sperm competition sperm head sperm selectionsperm size

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