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An Efficient federated learning Framework Deployed in Resource-Constrained IoV:User Selection and learning Time Optimization Schemes

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China Communications 2023年第12期20卷 111-130页

作者： Qiang Wang Shaoyi Xu Rongtao Xu Dongji Li School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

In this article,an efficient federated learning(FL)Framework in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is studied.In the considered model,vehicle users implement an FL algorithm by training their local FL models and sending their models to a base station(BS)that generates a global FL model through the model aggregation.Since each user owns data samples with diverse sizes and different quality,it is necessary for the BS to select the proper participating users to acquire a better global model.Meanwhile,considering the high computational overhead of existing selection methods based on the gradient,the lightweight user selection scheme based on the loss decay is proposed.Due to the limited wireless bandwidth,the BS needs to select an suitable subset of users to implement the FL algorithm.Moreover,the vehicle users’computing resource that can be used for FL training is usually limited in the IoV when other multiple tasks are required to be executed.The local model training and model parameter transmission of FL will have significant effects on the latency of FL.To address this issue,the joint communication and computing optimization problem is formulated whose objective is to minimize the FL delay in the resource-constrained system.To solve the complex nonconvex problem,an algorithm based on the concave-convex procedure(CCCP)is proposed,which can achieve superior performance in the small-scale and delay-insensitive FL system.Due to the fact that the convergence rate of CCCP method is too slow in a large-scale FL system,this method is not suitable for delay-sensitive applications.To solve this issue,a block coordinate descent algorithm based on the one-step projected gradient method is proposed to decrease the complexity of the solution at the cost of light performance degrading.Simulations are conducted and numerical results show the good performance of the proposed methods.

关键词： block coordinate descent concave-convex procedure federated learning learning time resource allocation

Intrusion Detection Using federated learning for Computing

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1295-1308页

作者： R.S.Aashmi T.Jaya Department of Computer Science and Engineering CSI Institute of TechnologyThovalaiTamilnaduIndia Department of Electronic Communications and Engineering CSI Institute of TechnologyThovalaiTamilnaduIndia

The integration of clusters,grids,clouds,edges and other computing platforms result in contemporary technology of jungle computing.This novel technique has the aptitude to tackle high performance computation systems and it manages the usage of all computing platforms at a time.federated learning is a collaborative machine learning approach without centralized training data.The proposed system effectively detects the intrusion attack without human intervention and subsequently detects anomalous deviations in device communication behavior,potentially caused by malicious adversaries and it can emerge with new and unknown attacks.The main objective is to learn overall behavior of an intruder while performing attacks to the assumed target service.Moreover,the updated system model is send to the centralized server in jungle computing,to detect their pattern.federated learning greatly helps the machine to study the type of attack from each device and this technique paves a way to complete dominion over all malicious behaviors.In our proposed work,we have implemented an intrusion detection system that has high accuracy,low False Positive Rate(FPR)scalable,and versatile for the jungle computing environment.The execution time taken to complete a round is less than two seconds,with an accuracy rate of 96%.

关键词： Jungle computing high performance computation federated learning false positive rate intrusion detection system(IDS)

CD-FL:Cataract Images Based Disease Detection Using federated learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 1733-1750页

作者： Arfat Ahmad Khan Shtwai Alsubai Chitapong Wechtaisong Ahmad Almadhor Natalia Kryvinska Abdullah Al Hejaili Uzma Ghulam Mohammad Department of Computer Science College of ComputingKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia School of Telecommunication Engineering Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72388Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department Faculty of ManagementComenius University in BratislavaOdbojárovBratislava440Slovakia Faculty of Computers&Information Technology Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan

A cataract is one of the most significant eye problems worldwide that does not immediately impair vision and progressively worsens over time.Automatic cataract prediction based on various imaging technologies has been addressed recently,such as smartphone apps used for remote health monitoring and eye treatment.In recent years,advances in diagnosis,prediction,and clinical decision support using Artificial Intelligence(AI)in medicine and ophthalmology have been exponential.Due to privacy concerns,a lack of data makes applying artificial intelligence models in the medical field challenging.To address this issue,a federated learning framework named CDFL based on a VGG16 deep neural network model is proposed in this research.The study collects data from the Ocular Disease Intelligent Recognition(ODIR)database containing 5,000 patient records.The significant features are extracted and normalized using the min-max normalization technique.In the federated learning-based technique,the VGG16 model is trained on the dataset individually after receiving model updates from two clients.Before transferring the attributes to the global model,the suggested method trains the local model.The global model subsequently improves the technique after integrating the new parameters.Every client analyses the results in three rounds to decrease the over-fitting problem.The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the federated learning-based technique on a Deep Neural Network(DNN),reaching a 95.28%accuracy while also providing privacy to the patient’s data.The experiment demonstrated that the suggested federated learning model outperforms other traditional methods,achieving client 1 accuracy of 95.0%and client 2 accuracy of 96.0%.

关键词： Privacy-preserving cataract disease federated learning fundus images healthcare smartphone applications machine learning

federated learning for 6G Communications:Challenges,Methods,and Future Directions

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China Communications 2020年第9期17卷 105-118页

作者： Yi Liu Xingliang Yuan Zehui Xiong Jiawen Kang Xiaofei Wang Dusit Niyato School of Data Science of Technology Heilongjiang UniversityHarbinChina Faculty of Information Technology Monash UniversityAustralia Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute and also School of Computer Science and Engineering NTUSingapore Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina School of Computer Science and Engineering NTUSingapore

As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide,both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications.It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence(AI)to achieve data-driven Machine learning(ML)solutions in heterogeneous and massive-scale networks.However,traditional ML techniques require centralized data collection and processing by a central server,which is becoming a bottleneck of large-scale implementation in daily life due to significantly increasing privacy concerns.federated learning,as an emerging distributed AI approach with privacy preservation nature,is particularly attractive for various wireless applications,especially being treated as one of the vital solutions to achieve ubiquitous AI in 6G.In this article,we first introduce the integration of 6G and federated learning and provide potential federated learning applications for 6G.We then describe key technical challenges,the corresponding federated learning methods,and open problems for future research on federated learning in the context of 6G communications.

关键词： 6G communication federated learning security and privacy protection

Chest Radiographs Based Pneumothorax Detection Using federated learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 1775-1791页

作者： Ahmad Almadhor Arfat Ahmad Khan Chitapong Wechtaisong Iqra Yousaf Natalia Kryvinska Usman Tariq Haithem Ben Chikha Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72388Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputingKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand School of Telecommunication Engineering Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Information Systems Department Faculty of ManagementComenius University in BratislavaOdbojárovBratislava440Slovakia Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University AlKharjSaudi Arabia

Pneumothorax is a thoracic condition that occurs when a person’s lungs collapse,causing air to enter the pleural cavity,the area close to the lungs and chest wall.The most persistent disease,as well as one that necessitates particular patient care and the privacy of their health records.The radiologists find it challenging to diagnose pneumothorax due to the variations in images.Deep learning-based techniques are commonly employed to solve image categorization and segmentation problems.However,it is challenging to employ it in the medical field due to privacy issues and a lack of data.To address this issue,a federated learning framework based on an Xception neural network model is proposed in this research.The pneumothorax medical image dataset is obtained from the Kaggle repository.Data preprocessing is performed on the used dataset to convert unstructured data into structured information to improve the model’s performance.Min-max normalization technique is used to normalize the data,and the features are extracted from chest Xray images.Then dataset converts into two windows to make two clients for local model training.Xception neural network model is trained on the dataset individually and aggregates model updates from two clients on the server side.To decrease the over-fitting effect,every client analyses the results three times.Client 1 performed better in round 2 with a 79.0%accuracy,and client 2 performed better in round 2 with a 77.0%accuracy.The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the federated learning-based technique on a deep neural network,reaching a 79.28%accuracy while also providing privacy to the patient’s data.

关键词： Privacy preserving pneumothorax disease federated learning chest x-ray images healthcare machine learning deep learning

Person Re-Identification with Model-Contrastive federated learning in Edge-Cloud Environment

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第10期38卷 35-55页

作者： Baixuan Tang Xiaolong Xu Fei Dai Song Wang School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Big Data and Intelligence Engineering Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650233China Nanjing Meteorological Service Center Nanjing Meteorological BureauNanjing210019China

Person re-identification(ReID)aims to recognize the same person in multiple images from different camera views.Training person ReID models are time-consuming and resource-intensive;thus,cloud computing is an appropriate model training solution.However,the required massive personal data for training contain private information with a significant risk of data leakage in cloud environments,leading to significant communication overheads.This paper proposes a federated person ReID method with model-contrastive learning(MOON)in an edge-cloud environment,named FRM.Specifically,based on federated partial averaging,MOON warmup is added to correct the local training of individual edge servers and improve the model’s effectiveness by calculating and back-propagating a model-contrastive loss,which represents the similarity between local and global models.In addition,we propose a lightweight person ReID network,named multi-branch combined depth space network(MB-CDNet),to reduce the computing resource usage of the edge device when training and testing the person ReID model.MB-CDNet is a multi-branch version of combined depth space network(CDNet).We add a part branch and a global branch on the basis of CDNet and introduce an attention pyramid to improve the performance of the model.The experimental results on open-access person ReID datasets demonstrate that FRM achieves better performance than existing baseline.

关键词： Person re-identification federated learning contrastive learning

Privacy Preserved Brain Disorder Diagnosis Using federated learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2187-2200页

作者： Ali Altalbe Abdul Rehman Javed Department of Computer Science Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon

federated learning has recently attracted significant attention as a cutting-edge technology that enables Artificial Intelligence(AI)algorithms to utilize global learning across the data of numerous individuals while safeguarding user data privacy.Recent advanced healthcare technologies have enabled the early diagnosis of various cognitive ailments like Parkinson’s.Adequate user data is frequently used to train machine learning models for healthcare systems to track the health status of patients.The healthcare industry faces two significant challenges:security and privacy issues and the personalization of cloud-trained AI models.This paper proposes a Deep Neural Network(DNN)based approach embedded in a federated learning framework to detect and diagnose brain disorders.We extracted the data from the database of Kay Elemetrics voice disordered and divided the data into two windows to create training models for two clients,each with different data.To lessen the over-fitting aspect,every client reviewed the outcomes in three rounds.The proposed model identifies brain disorders without jeopardizing privacy and security.The results reveal that the global model achieves an accuracy of 82.82%for detecting brain disorders while preserving privacy.

关键词： Privacy preservation brain disorder detection Parkinson’s disease diagnosis federated learning healthcare machine learning

federated learning for 6G:A Survey From Perspective of Integrated Sensing,Communication and Computation

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ZTE Communications 2023年第2期21卷 25-33页

作者： ZHAO Moke HUANG Yansong LI Xuan Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876China

With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.

关键词： integrated sensing communication and computation federated learning data heterogeneity limited resources

Challenges and future directions of secure federated learning:a survey

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第5期16卷 173-180页

作者： Kaiyue ZHANG Xuan SONG Chenhan ZHANG Shui YU Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneySydney 2007Australia SUSTech-UTokyo Joint Research Center on Super Smart City Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

federated learning came into being with the increasing concern of privacy security,as people’s sensitive information is being exposed under the era of big data.It is an algorithm that does not collect users’raw data,but aggregates model parameters from each client and therefore protects user’s privacy.Nonetheless,due to the inherent distributed nature of federated learning,it is more vulnerable under attacks since users may upload malicious data to break down the federated learning server.In addition,some recent studies have shown that attackers can recover information merely from parameters.Hence,there is still lots of room to improve the current federated learning frameworks.In this survey,we give a brief review of the state-of-the-art federated learning techniques and detailedly discuss the improvement of federated learning.Several open issues and existing solutions in federated learning are discussed.We also point out the future research directions of federated learning.

关键词： federated learning privacy protection security