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Distribution of ionospheric O^+ ion in synchronous altitude region

Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第10期46卷 986-993页

作者：史建魁刘振兴 ZHANGT.L. 郭兼善张满莲尚社平罗熙贵 Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences GrazA-8042 Austria

Based on satellite observation data, using dynamics equation, the ionospheric O+ ions distribution in the synchronous altitude region for different geomagnetic activity index Kp is studied by theoretical modeling and numerical analyzing, and semi-empirical models for the O+ ions den-sity and flux versus longitude in the synchronous altitude region for different Kp are given. The main results show that in the synchronous altitude region: (i) The O+ ions density and flux in day-side are larger than those in nightside. (ii) With longitude changing, the higher the geomagnetic activity index Kp is, the higher the O+ ions density and flux, and their variation amplitude will be. The O+ ions density and flux when Kp ≥ 6 will be about ten times as great as that when Kp = 0. (iii) When Kp = 0 or Kp ≥ 6, the O+ ions density reaches maximum at longitudes 120°and 240°respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail. When Kp = 3—5, the O+ ions density gets to maxi-mum at longitude 0°, and minimum in the magnetotail. However, the O+ ions flux reaches maxi-mum at longitude 120°and 240°respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail for any Kp value.

关键词： ionospheric O+ion, synchronous altitude, longitude, distribution features.

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Chaotic features.of the atmosphere motion near the mesopause revealed by VHF radar observation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第15期41卷 1276-1280页

作者：熊建刚易帆 J.Klostermeyer R.Rüster Wuhan Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Max-Planck-Institut

Many observations have revealed the complex motions of the atmosphere because of the rapid developement of experiment technique. However, as compared with numerical stimulations of atmospheric dynamic system, little is known about the complexity occurring in the real atmosphere. The chaotic motion can usually be described by 3 characteristic quantities for the dissipative motion of the atmosphere: dimension, Lyapunov exponent

关键词： VHF radar mesopause atmosphere chaotic features.

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The formation process and cloud physical characteristics for a typical downburstproducing thunderstorm in Beijing

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 77-82页

作者： GUO Xueliang FU Danhong Institute of Almospherie Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029. China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

The formation process and characteristics ofcloud physical structure of a severe thunderstorm accompa-nied with strong wind on 23 August, 2001 in Beijing wasstudied using PSU/NCAR mesoscale model ( MM5) couplingwith a severe storm model with hail-bin microphysics. Theresults show that the specific topography and distributionfeatures.of cold/warm current in the Beijing region playedprominent roles in forming, developing and maintaining thesevere storm. Due to solar radiation heating and topographiclifting, the convective cells were easily formed when thewesterly airflow passed over high mountainous regions inBeijing. The warm and wet air entered the cloud from itsfrontage and enhanced the convection, and formed a largeamount of graupel/hail particles at the middle and upperportion of the clouds. The precipitation was primarilyformed due to melting of graupel/hail particles. The strongdowndraft was mainly produced by negative buoyancy dueto loading, melting of graupel/hail particles as well asevaporative cooling of rain water. The divergent airflow in-duced by the strong downdraft led to the disastrous burstwinds at the surface and also forced lifting of warm and wetairflow in the moving direction of the storm and formed newclouds that further promoted and maintained the storm de-velopment.

关键词： Beijing region thunderstorm and disastrous wind cluud physical features.

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Recreation features.Inventory in Sri Lanka： With Special References to Ambewela-ldalgashinna Railway

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Journal of Sports Science 2016年第1期4卷 45-49页

作者： Chamila Priyadarshani Wijethissa Dulika Priyangani Department of Sport Science and Physical Education University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka

The main purpose of study was to innovate recreation features.along the Ambewela to Idalgashinna railway road with railway recreation. There were four objectives in this study. In this context, RFI （Recreational features.Inventory） database is used to collect data classification when and where certain observations were made to collect respective primary data. The data was collected for the study via RFI data collecting which consisted of most suitable questions and variables. In this study, the data sample method was the purposive sample method and the research limited to four railways stations. The data analyzed form GIS （Geographical Information System）, Google map and matrix. There were 14 tunnels between Ohiya to Idalgashinna. There is a large number of tunnels between two stations in the world and there are 18 tunnels in the whole research area. The researcher could identify the growth ＆recreational features.from Ambewela to Idalgashinna. In addition, the researcher identified natural resources for the tourism industry and 70% sensitive and 30% none-sensitive recreational features.from Ambewela to Idalgashinna research area. The GIS map indicated the growth patterns of particular recreational features.in this area.

关键词： Recreation railway GIS features.

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