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A Comparison Study of Synkinematic Illite Isolation,Quantitative X-ray Powder Diffraction,and K-Ar Dating for Direct fault gouge Analyses

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 636-650页

作者： ZHENG Yong LI Haibing LI Junjie ZHANG Guohe SI Jialiang Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Jiangsu Donghai Continental Deep Hole Crustal Activity National Observation and Research Station DonghaiJiangsu 222300China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China Military and Civilian Integration Geological Survey Center Chengdu 610000China

K-Ar dating of synkinematic illite is increasingly recognized as a central method to constrain the timing of shallow crustal *** of efficient sample preparation and quantitative identification of illite polytypes are critical to acquiring K-Ar isotope data for authigenic *** this respect,we compared the commonly used clay size separation method through centrifugation with vacuum filtration technology,showing that the former is prone to extract fractions with finer particle sizes under similar conditions,thus improving the error in the authigenic end-member ***,we demonstrated that the side-packed mounting method for X-ray diffraction analysis can significantly enhance the randomness in powder samples,thus improving the quantification accuracy compared with the front-packed and back-packed *** validity of our quantification method was confirmed by comparing Profex■modeling patterns with a suite of synthetic mixtures of known compositions,yielding an average analytical error of 3%.Dating results of these artificial mixtures and the reference materials indicated that a large range in percentages of detrital illite and a sufficient amount of age data will produce reliable results for ages of both extrapolated ***,if the range is limited,the extrapolated age close to those of datasets is still reliable.

关键词： illite polytypes fault gouge clay size separation mounting method Profex■ extrapolated K-Ar age

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Suggestion of advanced regression model on friction angle of fault gouge in South Korea

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第6期13卷 1368-1379页

作者： Seong-Woo Moon Hyun-Seok Yun Yong-Seok Seo Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Chungbuk National University1 Chungdae-roCheongju-siChungcheongbuk-do28644South Korea

Although friction characteristics of fault gouge are important to understand reactivation of fault,behavior of earthquake,and mechanism of slope failure,analysis results of fault gouge have low accuracy mostly than those of soils or rocks due to its high heterogeneity and low ***,to improve the accuracy of analysis results,we conducted simple regression analysis and structural equation model analysis and selected major influential factors of friction characteristics among many factors,and then we deduced advanced regression model with the highest coefficient of determination(R^(2)) via multiple regression *** most coefficients of determination in simple regression analysis are below0.3-0.4,coefficient of determination in multiple regression analysis is remarkably large as 0.657.

关键词： fault gouge Friction angle Simple regression analysis Structural equation model analysis Multiple regression analysis

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Influence of the characteristics of fault gouge on the stability of a borehole wall

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第5期13卷 930-938页

作者： WANG Sheng CHEN Li-yi HUANG Run-qiu LI Zhi-jun WU Jin-sheng YUAN Chao-peng State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention&Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu Siehuan 610059China The Institute of Exploration Technology of CAGS Chengdu 611734China

How to find more effective way to stabilize the borehole wall in the fault gouge section is the key technical challenge to control the stability of the borehole wall in the Wenchuan fault gouge section during the process of core drilling. Here we try to describe the characters of deep fault gouge in fracture zones from the undisturbed fault gouge samples which are obtained during the core drilling. The X- Ray Diffraction （XRD）, X-Ray Fluorescence （XRF） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） provided the detailed information of the fault gouge＇s microscopic characteristics on the density, moisture content, expansibility, dispersity, permeability, tensile strength and other main physical-mechanical properties. Based on these systematic experimental studies above and analysis of the fault gouge instability mechanism, a new technical procedure to stabilize the borehole wall is proposed -- a low water and a low loss low permeability drilling fluid system that consists of 4% day ＋ 0.5% CMC-HV ＋ 2% S-1 ＋ 3%sulfonated asphalt ＋ 1% SMC ＋ 0.5% X-1 ＋ 0-5% T type lubricant ＋ barite for core drilling in fault gouge sections.

关键词： fault gouge Microscopic characteristics Borehole wall stability Drilling fluid

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Adaptability of ESR dating of fault gouge in aseismic region:A case study on Hangzhou region, China

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期21卷 267-274,332页

作者：姚琪陈汉林张微叶建青刘静伟赵冬牛佳文廖林 Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Engineering Seismology Institute of Zhejiang Province State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration

ESR dating has been widely used in seismic assessment. In this paper, we collected fault gouge samples systematically for ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating, and sediment samples of overlying strata, and offset strata for OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating along Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault (XQF) trending NE-SW, Xiaofeng-Sanmen fault (XSF) trending NW-SE, and Changhua-Putuo fault (CPF) trending E-W. In the same fault outcrop, the ESR data of fault gouge is greater than the OSL data of the strata offset by fault. Therefore, the ESR data of fault gouge colleted in Hangzhou region do not represent the time of weak fault movement in Late Quaternary region, but represent the strong fault movements in Late Cenozoic. The episode of fault movement in Late Cenozoic could be speculated according to the ESR data: 1.000.58 Ma, there were strong fault movements along the XSF, XQF and CPF in Hangzhou region; 0.580.45 Ma, the fault movements of all faults became weaker and did not zero ESR signals significantly for ESR dating of fault movements; 0.450.20 Ma, there were strong fault movements along part of XQF; 0.10.01 Ma, there were fault movements along the XSF only, but the fault movements were not strong enough to reset the ESR signal; Since 0.01 Ma, the Hangzhou region tends to be stable. In addition, the XSF might be the division line of fault segmentation of XQF; there were strong fault movements along the southwest segment of XQF during 0.45 Ma to 0.20 Ma; while the fault movements along the northeast segment of XQF mainly occurred during 1.000.58 Ma.

关键词： fault gouge ESR dating fault activity Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault Hangzhou region

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Fractal　research　of　fault　gouge

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第3期9卷 125-131页

作者：邵顺妹邹瑾敞

The process and result of fractal research of natural fault gouge collected from the active fault zone at northern edge of Western Qinling Mt. by using optical and electronic microscope technics were introduced in this paper. The fractal dimension of this fault gouge is D =2.594±0.122 (2 D plane D =1.594±0.122), and its upper limit of fractal dimension occurs at grain size at 9.6～19.2 mm. The study result shows that this gouge is fractal, and its characteristic displacement parameter of stick slip friction can be determined by upper limit of fractal dimension. The feature of protolith which affect fractality and the significance of gouge fractal to seismic fault changes are also disscussed in the paper.

关键词： fractal fractal dimension fault gouge western Qinling Mt. active fault zone

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Geochemical characteristics of absorbed gases in fault gouge from the Daliushu dam area,NW China

Geochemical characteristics of absorbed gases in fault gouge...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： XIANGXIAN MA GUODONG ZHENG SHOUYUN LIANG WANG XU Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China (Lanzhou University) Ministry of Education Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A total of eleven fault gouge samples were collected from the Daliushu Dam area in the Zhongwei-Tongxin fault Zone(ZTFZ) and analyzed for the absorbed gas *** concentration of absorbed gas was between 0.04 and 1.65cm STP/g,and the chemicals were determined as mainly CO,N,H,Ar,and a few hydrocarbon *** ratios of N and Ar suggest the presence of water in the fault zone,leading to water-rock interaction and lower N/Ar *** and H showed some signatures implying abiogenic origin,with relatively high dCCO(–1.7‰ to 0.95‰) and H being positively correlated to CO(r = 0.83).We speculate that the CO and H are correlated to lithic origins in the fault zone,carbonate and silicate,*** the other hand,CH4 did show a biogenic signature,with low dC(–44.2‰ to–45.6‰).The variation trends among the absorbed gases in the fault profile show that the gas concentration is mainly related to the fault zone structure,petrology of the fault material,and *** total amounts of absorbed gases including H,CO,and Ar observed were higher at site F201 than those at site F3,and since the F201 site is known to be much more active than F3,we propose that CO,H,and Ar could be useful indicators of fault activity.

关键词： fault gouge absorbed gas geochemical characteristics fault activity

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Experimental investigation on the origin of carbonaceous materials in the fault zone of the Wenchuan earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2024年第3期37卷 189-199页

作者： Deyang Shi Yaowei Liu Jin Shi Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 10081China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 10085China College of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Carbonaceous materials in seismic fault zones may considerably influence seismic fault slip;however,the formation mechanism of carbonaceous materials remains *** this study,we proposed a novel hypothesis for the formation of carbonaceous materials in fault ***,we conducted a CO_(2) hydrogenation experiment in a high-temperature reactor at a co-seismic temperature,with fault gouge formed during the Wenchuan earthquake as the *** experimental results demonstrate that carbonaceous materials in fault zones are formed on the fault gouge during the chemical reaction process,suggesting that the carbonaceous materials are possibly generated from the catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2),followed by thermal cracking of its *** results of this study provide a theoretical basis for understanding fault behavior and earthquake physics.

关键词： carbon dioxide hydrogenation carbonaceous mineral formation co-seismic temperature fault weakening fault gouge

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Microstructural features of fault gouges from Tianjing-shan-Xiangshan fault zone and their geological implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第1期45卷 72-80页

作者：张秉良林传勇史兰斌 Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China

Detailed observation of the microstructural features of 11 fault gouge and 3 fault breccia samples collected from Tianjingshan-Xiangshan fault zone has revealed that fault gouge can be classified into 3 types: flow banded granular gouge, foliated gouge and massive gouge. The determination of the shape preferred orientation (SPO) of survivor grains in fault gouges indicates that the foliated gouge displays a profound SPO inclined to the shear zone boundary, similar to the P-foliation; flow banded granular gouge displays a SPO parallel to the shear zone boundary, while massive fault gouge and fault breccia display a random SPO. All these fault gouges fall in different fields of shear rate ternary diagram.

关键词： active fault fault gouge shape preferred orientation mode of motion.

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Effect of mineralogy on friction-dilation relationships for simulated faults:Implications for permeability evolution in caprock faults

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 439-450页

作者： Fengshou Zhang Mengke An Lianyang Zhang Yi Fang Derek Elsworth Key Laboratory of Geotechnical&Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA nstitute for Geophysics Jackson School of GeosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering EMS Energy Institute and G3 CenterThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Geosciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

This paper experimentally explores the frictional sliding behavior of two simulated gouges:one,a series of quartz–smectite mixtures,and the other,powdered natural rocks,aiming to evaluate and codify the effect of mineralogy on gouge dilation and frictional strength,stability,and ***,velocity-stepping and slide-hold-slide experiments were performed in a double direct shear configuration to analyze frictional constitutive parameters at room temperature,under normal stresses of 10,20,and 40 *** dilation was measured based on the applied step-wise changes in shear *** frictional response of the quartz–smectite mixtures and powdered natural rocks are affected by their phyllosilicate *** strength and healing rates decrease with increasing phyllosilicate content,and at 20 wt.%a transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening behavior was *** both suites of gouges,dilation is positively correlated with frictional strength and healing rates,and negatively correlated with frictional *** in the permeability of gouge-filled faults were estimated from changes in mean porosity,indexed through measured magnitudes of gouge *** combined analysis implies that the reactivation of caprock faults filled with phyllosilicaterich gouges may have a strong influence on permeability evolution in caprock faults.

关键词： fault gouge Mineralogy Strength and stability Frictional healing gouge dilation Permeability

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Dating fault Activity Based on Surface Texture of Quartz Grains from the Bailong River fault

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1131-1144页

作者： SHEN Junfeng YANG Weimin LIU Ting HUANG Xiao ZHENG Weijie YU Lei WANG Guoqiang School of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Much important information referring to fault motion （e.g., fault activities period, intensity, frequency, and even dynamic background） can be revealed by resolving fault gouge, which is the result of fault motion while extruding or grinding. The field investigation encompassed sample collecting from the Bailong River fault system of the western segment of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB）; 44 samples of fault gouges were collected for quartz micro-morphology analysis. These samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, 14 samples were tested for thermo-luminescence dating. The results showed that most of the surface textures of quartz grains are characterized by fish scale, moss-like texture, and stalactite. However, a small amount of orange peel-like fractures and worm-hole-like shaped surface texture were observed. Moreover, a few typical conchoids or subconchoidal fractures in quartz grains can be seen. This implies that the Bailong River fault was active repeatedly during the Quaternary period, but the main motion period is the Pleistocene. The 14 thermo-luminescence dating values showed two age groups： 343.29-184.06 ka and 92.18-13.87 ka. These study data reveal that fault movement started during the Pliocene, occurred frequently in the early-middle period of the Pleistocene, and the peak frequency of the motion was reached in the early Pleistocene. The fault motions were stopped terminated in the early Holocene. The results are significant for the natural disaster risk evaluation in the western segment of the QOB.

关键词： fault gouge surface texture of quartz thermo-luminescence dating Pleistocene BailongRiver fault

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