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Endosulfan residues and farmers’replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton region

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 35-47页

作者： Shuyan Zhou Yang Zhang Jingjing Wang Shikun Cheng Fuyan Zhuo Yun Hong School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083China Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100035China United Nations Development Programme in China Beijing 100600China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125China

We assessed the situation of endosulfan residues in cotton fields after the endosulfan ban came into effect and the current knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of cotton farmers on the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative technologies.Topsoil samples(n=91)of cotton fields were collected from the major cotton-producing areas in China,namely the north-west inland cotton region,and the endosulfan residues were analyzed.A KAP survey was carried out for cotton farmers,and 291 questionnaires were distributed.The influences of gender,age,education background,cotton planting years,publicity and training,income sources,and other factors on cotton farmers’KAP were analyzed.The results showed that endosulfan sulfate was the main endosulfan residue in the soil,followed byβ-endosulfan andα-endosulfan,the average residual contents were 0.569,0.139,and 0.060μg/kg,respectively.The results of the KAP study showed that cotton farmers scored low on knowledge about the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative technologies but high on attitude and practice.The number of family members,years of cotton planting,age,and the cottonplanting area had different degrees of influence on KAP scores.The training could significantly improve the KAP scores of cotton farmers;training should be more targeted and designed reasonably for key groups,such as men and the population under 30,followed by training them to use pesticides safely.For large-scale cotton growers,training should focus on green prevention and control technologies.

关键词： Cotton fields Endosulfan residues farmers KAP survey Replacement behaviours

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Characterization of Small-Scale farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumbi Wahome John B. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

关键词： Small Scale farmers farmers Crop Production Information Services Geospatial Information Information Access

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Kings of the Country

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China Weekly 2024年第2期 48-51页

作者： Xu Ming Li Jing 不详

Ever since their first reality show appearance,a folk band of farmers has captivated Chinese audiences with their poignant portrayal of country life and profound reflections on social realities。

关键词： farmers profound appearance

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farmers’risk preference and fertilizer use

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第7期20卷 1987-1995页

作者： QIAO Fang-bin HUANG Ji-kun China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and EconomicsBeijing 100081P.R.China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100089P.R.China School of Economics and Management Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045P.R.China

This study examines the role of farmers’risk attitudes toward fertilizer use in cotton production in China.Contradicting previous studies,this paper theoretically shows that the relationship between farmers’risk aversion and fertilizer use is not always monotonic.Field survey data were collected to test this relationship using the Cobb–Douglas production function.Results suggest that when the elasticity of fertilizer use and the probability of achieving the desired effects from fertilizer use are high,risk-averse farmers apply more fertilizer than risk-taking farmers.Conversely,when the elasticity of fertilizer use and the probability of achieving the desired effects are low,risk-taking farmers apply more fertilizer than risk-neutral or risk-averse farmers.

关键词： risk preferences fertilizer use farmers environment China

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Science and Technology Backyard: A novel approach to empower smallholder farmers for sustainable intensification of agriculture in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第8期18卷 1657-1666页

作者： JIAO Xiao-qiang ZHANG Hong-yan MA Wen-qi WANG Chong LI Xiao-lin ZHANG Fu-suo Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Department of Plant Nutrition/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Science Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 P.R.China

Sustainable feeding of the growing population in China without ecological destabilization is a grand challenge. In this populous country where agriculture is dominated by smallholder farming, developing innovative technology and translating scientific knowledge into action for smallholder farmers is a crucial step in addressing this challenge. Here, we present a novel approach for technology innovation and dissemination to achieve sustainable intensification in the fields of smallholder farmers. The Science and Technology Backyard(STB) is a hub in a rural area that links knowledge with practices to promote technology innovation and exchange. In this study, the framework and functions of STB are introduced, and the key implications for sustainable intensification across millions of smallholder farmers are explicitly stated:(i) develop innovative technology based on stated demands of farmers;(ii) disseminate technology by innovative social service models though combined top-down approaches with bottom-up measures to enable smallholders in rural areas. This paper provides a perspective on transformation of small-scale agriculture toward sustainable intensification in China and useful knowledge applicable to other developing countries.

关键词： smallholder farmers sustainable intensification technology innovation technology transfer Science and Technology Backyard

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farmers'Enthusiasm Key to Stable and Safe Grain Supply

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China News Release 2023年第3期 30-32页

作者： Zhong Yu Zhang Xinshi 不详

China unveiled its“No.1 central document”for 2023 on February 13,2023,outlining nine tasks for comprehensively promoting rural vitalization this year.As the first policy statement released by China’s central author... 详细信息

关键词： policy farmers statement

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A test on adverse selection of farmers in crop insurance:Results from Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 478-485页

作者： ZHAO Yuan-feng CHAI Zhi-hui Michael S.Delgado Paul V.Preckel College of Economics and Management Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

Adverse selection is an operating risk of crop insurance. Based on survey data on crop insurance collected by questionnaires in Inner Mongolia, China, the paper uses non-parametric analysis and econometric models to estimate the relationship between conditions for crop production and farmers＇ insurance decision in order to test the existence of farmers＇ adverse selection. The results show farmers＇ adverse selection does exist, but settling a claim by negotiation and premium subsidy from governments at all levels can defuse farmers＇ adverse selection under the current system of crop insurance. Risk regionalization, heterogeneous insurance contract and product innovation may decrease adverse selection to some extent.

关键词： crop insurance farmers adverse selection

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Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke,Enugu State,Nigeria:Implications for control

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 796-802页

作者： Celestine Chidi Ogbonna Geme Urge Dori Emeka Innocent Nweze Gilbert Muoneke Innocent Ejike Nwankwo Nkiru Akputa Department of Microbiology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Microbiology Laboratory School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyUniversity of CamerinoVia Gentile Ⅲ da Varano62032 Camerino(MC)Italy Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health Polo delle Scienze "Domenico Amici"Via Madonna delle CarceriUniversity of Camerino62032(MC)Italy Faculty of Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of ClevelandOhioUnited States Department of Medical Parasitology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital EnuguNigeria Consolata Medical Diagnostic Laboratory St Theresa's Hospital5B New Markurdi RoadObollo AforEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To determine the prevalence,sex-age related intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and to compare such parameters among rural school children and rural fanners in selected communities in Obollo-Eke located in Southeast,Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional survey involving 1 337 school children and farmers was conducted in Obollo-Eke community between September 2006 and July 2007.Demographic data of subjects was collected using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose.Urine samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium) using Medi-test Combi 9 and sedimentation technique respectively.Results:The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of 5.haematobium was 17.5%while the prevalence of haematuria was 15.6%.Infection intensity varied from light to heavy.In general,the prevalence was higher among males(20.8%) than females(14.6%;P>0.05) and was slightly higher among primary school children(18.0%;n=762) than farmers(16.9%;n=575;P>0.05).The age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis among the study subjects ranged from 8.3%to 21.2%in 0-5 years and 11-15 years age groups respectively.Conclusions:Haematuria and mean egg/10 mL urine (r = 0.95;Pfarmers demonstrated that the infection is moderately high in these two risk population groups at Obollo-Eke.A robust intervention strategy is clearly needed.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis School children Rural farmers Prevalence Nigeria

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Developing sustainable summer maize production for smallholder farmers in the North China Plain: An agronomic diagnosis method

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第8期18卷 1667-1679页

作者： CHEN Guang-feng CAO Hong-zhu CHEN Dong-dong ZHANG Ling-bo ZHAO Wei-li ZHANG Yu MA Wen-qi JIANG Rong-feng ZHANG Hong-yan ZHANG Fu-suo College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Science Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 P.R.China National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 P.R.C hina

With an increasing population and changing diet structure, summer maize is increasingly becoming an important energy crop in China. However, traditional farmer practices for maize production are inefficient and unsustainable. To ensure food security and sustainable development of summer maize production in China, an improved, more sustainable farmer management system is needed. Establishing this system requires a comprehensive understanding of the limitations of current farming practice and the ways it could be improved. In our study, 235 plots from three villages in the North China Plain(NCP) were monitored. Maize production on farms was evaluated;our results showed that the maize yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN) were variable on smallholder farms at 6.6–13.7 t ha^–1 and 15.4–88.7 kg kg^–1, respectively.Traditional farming practices also have a large environmental impact(nitrogen surplus:–64.2–323.78 kg ha^–1). Key yield components were identified by agronomic diagnosis. Grain yield depend heavily on grain numbers per hectare rather than on the 1 000-grain weight. A set of improved management practices(IP) for maize production was designed by employing a boundary line(BL) approach and tested on farms. Results showed that the IP could increase yield by 18.4% and PFPN by 31.1%, compared with traditional farmer practices(FP), and reduce the nitrogen(N) surplus by 57.9 kg ha^–1. However,in terms of IP effect, there was a large heterogeneity among different smallholder farmers’ fields, meaning that, precise technologies were needed in different sites especially for N fertilizer management. Our results are valuable for policymakers and smallholder farmers for meeting the objectives of green development in agricultural production.

关键词： smallholder farmers sustainable production yield gap agronomic diagnosis North China Plain

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Pro-environmental analysis of farmers'concerns and behaviors towards soil conservation in central district of Sari County,Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 43-49页

作者： Masoud Bijani Ezatollah Ghazani Naser Valizadeh Negin Fallah Haghighi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education College of AgricultureTarbiat Modares University(TMU)Tehran ***Iran Department of Agricultural Extension and Education College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran Research Institute for New Technology Development Studies(RINTDS) Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology(IROST)Tehran ***Iran

This study aimed to pro-environmentally analyze farmers'concerns and behaviors towards soil conservation.This research was a descriptive,causal,and correlational and conducted through a survey technique.The study population consisted of all farmers at the central district of Sari county,Iran(N=9621).Based on the Cochran's formula,120 farmers were selected using stratified random sampling.The instrument employed in this study was a questionnaire with its validity being confirmed by a number of academic experts and agriculture specialists and its reliability being proved using Cronbach's alpha coefficients in a pilot study(outside the scope of the current study).(0.66≤α≤0.90).The results of the analysis regarding the effects of independent variables on the variables"soil conservation behavior"and"soil conservation concern"indicated that,among the variables affecting these two variables,the variable"attitude towards soil conservation"was the most powerful predictor of"soil conservation concerns"and the variable"social pressures on soil conservation"predicted farmers'"soil conservation behaviors"better.Furthermore,the independent variables used in this research could predict 42% of the variance in terms of soil conservation concern and 21% of the variance in terms of soil conservation behavior.These findings can be practical and appropriate for executive officials since,instead of making efforts to direct change the behavior,they can first focus on conceptual changes and persuasive changes like changing attitudes towards soil conservation.

关键词： Soil conservation behavior Soil conservation concern farmers Sari County

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