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family-level leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants

Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1047-1057页

作者： Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Suhui Ma Yuehong Ding Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Enzai Du Wenxuan Han Emoke Dalma Kovacs Haihua Shen Huifeng Hu Jens Kattge Bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry ofEducationPeking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China College of Resources Science&Technology and State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing NormalUniversityBeijing100875China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina AgriculturalUniversityBeijing100193China National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics INCDO-INOE2000 Research Institute for Analytical InstrumentationICIA subsidiaryCluj-Napoca400293Romania Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena07745Germany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland

Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations are critical for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and other ecological processes of plants. Previous studies on large-scale biogeographic patterns of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships were mostly conducted using data pooled across taxa, while family/genus-level analyses are rarely reported. Here, we examined global patterns of family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry using a global data set of 12,716 paired leaf N and P records which includes 204 families, 1,305 genera, and 3,420 species. After determining the minimum size of samples(i.e., 35 records), we analyzed leaf N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and N^P scaling relationships of plants for 62 families with 11,440 records. The numeric values of leaf N and P stoichiometry varied significantly across families and showed diverse trends along gradients of mean annual temperature(MAT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP). The leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios of 62 families ranged from 6.11 to 30.30 mg g–1, 0.27 to 2.17 mg g–1, and 10.20 to 35.40, respectively. Approximately 1/3–1/2 of the families(22–35 of 62) showed a decrease in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios with increasing MAT or MAP, while the remainder either did not show a significant trend or presented the opposite pattern. family-specific leaf N^P scaling exponents did not converge to a certain empirical value, with a range of 0.307–0.991 for 54 out of 62 families which indicated a significant N^P scaling relationship. Our results for the first time revealed large variation in the family-level leaf N and P stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants and that the stoichiometric relationships for at least one-third of the families were not consistent with the global trends reported previously. The numeric values of the family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry documented in the current study provide critical synthetic parameters for biogeographic modeling and for further studies on the physiological and ecological mechanis

关键词： leaf nitrogen (N) leaf phosphorus (P) plant stoichiometry family N:P ratios N^P scaling relationship climate

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family members' perspective of family Resilience's risk factors in taking care of schizophrenia patients

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018年第3期5卷 255-261页

作者： Rizki Fitryasari Ah Yusuf Nursalam Rr Dian Tristiana Hanik Endang Nihayati Nursing Faculty Airlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia Doctoral Student's of Health Science of Public Health Faculty Airlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia

Objectives:The study was conducted to illustrate the risk factors of family resilience when taking care of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:The research used qualitative design with an interpretive phenomenology approach,with indepth interviews.The subjects were 15 family members who cared for patients with schizophrenia at the Menur Mental Hospital,Surabaya,Indonesia.The samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique.The data was collected by interview and using field notes,then analyzed by Collaizi technique.Results:This research produced two themes,they were care burden and stigma.Care burdens felt by families were confusion about the illness,emotional,physical,time,financial and social burdens,which leads to decrease in family quality of life.Families also experienced stigma called labeling,stereotyping,separation and discrimination.Stigmas meant that families faced psychological,social and intrapersonal consequences.This decreased the family quality of life and functionality of the family,and there were opportunities for negative results to family resilience.Health workers,especially psychiatric nurses,should review care burdens and stigma to develop nursing interventions so families are able to achieve resilience.Conclusions:This research explained how care burden and stigma are risk factors that must be managed by families to survive,rise up,and become better in caring for patients with schizophrenia.Nurses have a central role in assessing the level of care burdens and stigma in order to help families achieve resilience.Further research may focus on family-based nursing interventions to lower care burden,and community-based interventions to reduce stigma.

关键词： family Indonesia Psychiatric nursing Resilience Psychological Risk factors Schizophrenia

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A Plant SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 family Mediates Cell-to-Cell Trafficking of RNAi Signals

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Molecular Plant 2020年第2期13卷 321-335页

作者： Yan Yan Byung-Kook Ham Yee Hang Chong Shyi-Dong Yeh William J.Lucas Department of Plant Biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Pathology National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung Present address:Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4J8Canada Present address:Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada

In plants,RNA interference(RNAi)plays a pivotal role in growth and development,and responses to environmental inputs,including pathogen attack.The intercellular and systemic trafficking of small interfering RNA(siRNA)/microRNA(miRNA)is a central component in this regulatory pathway.Currently,little is known with regards to the molecular agents involved in the movement of these si/miRNAs.To address this situation,we employed a biochemical approach to identify and characterize a conserved SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1(SRBP1)family that mediates non-cell-autonomous small RNA(sRNA)trafficking.In Arabidopsis,AtSRBP1 is a glycine-rich(GR)RNA-binding protein,also known as AtGRP7,which we show binds single-stranded siRNA.A viral vector,Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),was employed to functionally characterized the AtSRBP1-4(AtGRP7/2/4/8)RNA recognition motif and GR domains.Cellular-based studies revealed the GR domain as being necessary and sufficient for SRBP1 cell-to-cell movement.Taken together,our findings provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism and function of mobile sRNA signaling agents in plants.

关键词： RNAi small RNA-binding protein family small RNA movement non-cell-autonomous protein glycinerich protein

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Egg recognition abilities of tit species in the Paridae family:do Indomalayan tits exhibit higher recognition than Palearctic tits?

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Zoological Research 2020年第6期41卷 726-732页

作者： Jian-Ping Liu Lei Zhang Li Zhang Can-Chao Yang Cheng-Te Yao Xin Lu Anders Pape Moller Dong-Mei Wan Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouHainan 571158China Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention College of Life SciencesLiaoning UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110036China High Altitude Experimental Station Taiwan Endemic Species Research InstituteNantouTaiwan 55244China Department of Ecology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay Cedex F-91405France

DEAR EDITOR,Recent studies have shown that the closely related cinereous tit(Parus cinereus)and green-backed tit(P.monticolus)in China display strong egg recognition ability in contrast to tit species in Europe,which lack such ability.However,egg recognition in other populations of cinereous and greenbacked tits and additional Paridae species still requires further research.

关键词： recognition tit family

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Sense of family Coherence in Parents of(Sub)Optimally Developing Children

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第1期24卷 115-127页

作者： Jelena Minić Miljana Pavićević Ana Stoševski Biljana Jaredić Dragana Stanojević RadojeŠoškić Faculty of Philosophy University of Priština in KosovskaKosovska MitrovicaKosovo Association of Parents“Podrži me” Kosovska MitrovicaKosovo

The theoretical basis of the paper is Aron Antonovsky’s salutogenetic model of health,which is based on the salutogenic orientation and the sense of coherence understood as the central concept and the most important resource.The primary aim of the study is to determine the strength of the sense of family coherence in parents of optimally developing children and in parents of suboptimally developing children and their correlation with:family satisfaction and family orientation to crisis situations.The study was done using parents(N=394)sampled from the population of the Republic of Serbia.Questionnaire for Obtaining Basic Data,The family Sense of Coherence Scale,The family Adaptation Scale and family Crisis-oriented Scales were used for the purposes of this study.The findings of the study showed that parents of optimally developing children have a more heightened sense of family coherence than parents of suboptimally developing children.Also,the findings showed positive correlation with:family satisfaction and family orientation to crisis,and family sense of coherence.More precisely,the sense of family coherence in the parents who participated in the research correlates positively with satisfaction with one’s own family and family orientation to crisis.

关键词： Sense of family coherence optimal development suboptimal development parents family

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Prioritizing the efforts:lived experiences of family when taking care of people with cancer

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Frontiers of Nursing 2023年第3期10卷 315-322页

作者： Titan Ligita Merry Andriani Hazwani Hazwani Ersy Aprilya Fransiska Shafira Aulya Department of Medical Surgical Nursing School of NursingTanjungpura UniversityPontianakWest Kalimantan 78124Indonesia Department of Chemotherapy Doctor Soedarso General HospitalPontianakWest Kalimantan 78124Indonesia

Objective:Cancer has one of the highest disease mortality rates.Families are very important in the treatment of people with cancer.By using a phenomenological design,this study aimed to explore the experience of families in caring for a person with cancer and to identify the needs of these families.Methods:First,eight interviews were under taken with family members selected through a purposive sampling method.Then,another three interviews were conducted for data validation.The collected data were analyzed using the framework method of analysis.Results:The core theme,“Prioritizing the efforts:Being aware of the best we could do for our family,”reflected family’s experiences of caring for a person with cancer and was underpinned by five themes:“Decisions to make,”“Keeping up the good support,”“Acknowledging the others’contributions,”“Assisting my family to alleviate the disease,”and“Adapting to the current situation.”Conclusions:The results suggest that building mutual trust and communication between family and healthcare professionals is vital in decision-making for people with cancer.family may also work with the person in fulfilling their needs,without disregarding the needs of the family.When suppor ting the needs of people with diabetes,the family requires appropriate information,and thus,healthcare professionals wisely select which information can help the family make a decision regarding the treatment.After administering the treatment and providing information for people with cancer and their family,asking for feedback is required for evaluation.

关键词： cancer decision-making family needs phenomenology priority treatment

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Chinese family care patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases:A cluster analysis

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第1期7卷 41-48页

作者： Jiali Ma Qinglin Yu Taomei Zhang Ying Zhang School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong UniuersityShanghaiChina Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Objectives:The purpose is to distinguish family care(FC)patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases in Chinese families and to determine the predictors of FC patterns.Methods:This secondary analysis contained two cross-section surveys with a convenient sample of totally 398 caregivers who have a child with rheumatic diseases from four pediatric hospitals.Caregivers were required to completed family Management Measure questionnaire.Cluster analysis was used to distinguish patterns and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors.Results:Four patterns were identified:the normal-perspective and collaborative(28.4%),the effortless and contradictory(24.6%),the chaotic and strenuous(18.3%),and the confident and concerning(28.7%).Disease category(x2=21.23,P=0.002),geographic location(x2=8.41,P=0,038),maternal educational level(x2=12.69,P=0.048)and family monthly income(x2=33.21,Pfamily-related factors were vital predictors to distinguish patterns consistent with the family Management Style Framework.The result assisted that clinicians recognize FC patterns and predictors effectively to provide tailored advice in time.

关键词： Child Cluster analysis Cross-sectional studies family caregivers Pediatric hospitals Rheumatic diseases

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Do I need to see a urologist for my vasectomy?A comparison of practice patterns between urologists and family medicine physicians

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 540-543页

作者： Natasza M Posielski Daniel D Shapiro Xing Wang Brian V Le Department of Urology University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA Department of Biostatistics University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA.

Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and FMPs.Patie nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were identified.Postvasectomy semen analysis(PVSA)practices were compared between urologists and FMPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy guidelines.From 2010 to 2016,FMPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all vasectomies.PVSA follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PVSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PVSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,P<0.01).FMPs had a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PVSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,P<0.01).Both groups made appropriate changes in the timing of the first PVSA,but FMPs continued to obtain PVSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01).FMPs had a higher rate of positive results in PVSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.01).Significant differences in PVSA utilization between FMPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in 2012.In summary,FMPs obtained multiple PVSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PVSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology specialties.Furthermore,FMPs had more positive results on PVSAs obtained within the recommended window.

关键词： evidence-based practice family practice semen analysis urologist vasectomy

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Quantitative risk of positive family history in developing colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4278-4291页

作者： Parsa Mehraban Far Abdulaziz Alshahrani Mohammad Yaghoobi Division of Medicine Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Division of Gastroenterology McMaster UniversityHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada The Farncombe family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster UniversityHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada

BACKGROUND Positive family history is a risk factor for development of colorectal cancer.Despite numerous studies on the topic,the absolute risk in patients with a positive family history remains unclear and therefore studies are lacking to validate non-invasive screening methods in individuals with positive family history.AIM To quantify the risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with a positive family history.METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed using PubMed from January 1955 until November 2017,EMBASE from 1947 until 2018,and Cochrane Library without date restrictions.Two independent reviewers conducted study selection,data extraction and quality assessment.A meta-analysis of Mantel-Haenzel relative risks was performed using the random effects model.Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to score the quality of selected papers.Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test was performed to detect publication bias.Subgroup analysis was performed comparing Asian and non-Asian studies.Sensitivity analyses were performed to rule out the effect of the timing of the study,overall quality,the main outcome and the effect of each individual study in overall result.RESULTS Forty-six out of 3390 studies,including 906981 patients were included in the final analysis.41 of the included studies were case-control and 5 were cohort.A positive family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer with a relative risk of 1.87(95%CI:1.68-2.09;Pfamily history of colorectal cancer are 1.87 times more likely to develop colorectal cancer.Screening guidelines should pay specific attent

关键词： Colorectal cancer Risk family history

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Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第8期32卷 1828-1846页

作者： Yongjie ZHANG Zheng YANG Xianchao MA Wenjun DONG Dayong DONG Zhaoguang TAN Shuai ZHANG School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute Shanghai 200232China Beijing Aeronautical Science&Technology Research Institute Beijing 102211China

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.

关键词： Aircraft cost Aircraft family Aircraft program value Commonality index Real option method

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